UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PATHOLOGIES

FISIOLOGÍA

ALUMNA: CHÁVEZ ROMERO ANDREA

MATERIA IMPARTIDA POR:

NANCY MILLÁN MORA
ELÍAS NAHUM SALMERÓN VALDES

SEMESTRE: SEGUNDO GRUPO: 04

FECHA: 23 DE MAYO DEL 2023

 Pathologies of the respiratory system

Pathology Definition Causes Symptoms Prevention

• Prolonged exposure of the lungs to

Lung disorder in which progressive
damage is generated in the
alveoli. The alveoli inflate
Chronic pulmonary
abnormally, resulting in a
emphysema
permanent enlargement of the
air spaces, their obstruction, and
the destruction of their walls.
• Frequent coughing or
irritating substances
wheezing.
• Substances such as nicotine and
• Cough that produces a lot of Emphysema and chronic
marijuana
mucus. obstructive pulmonary disease
• High air pollution
• Shortness of breath, especially if cannot be cured, but there are
• Chemical vapors, fumes and dust
you are physically active. treatments that can help relieve
existing in certain work environments
• A hissing or grinding sound symptoms and slow the
• Use of coal and firewood in poorly
when you breathe. progression of the disease.
ventilated places
• Sensation of pressure in the
• there is a minimum percentage of
chest.
genetic risk factor

• Blockage of the airway

• Anxiety
• Stress It depends on the cause that
• Bronchospasm • Discomfort when breathing. causes it.
It is respiratory distress or shortness • Hypoxemia • Difficulty breathing.
of breath. Mental anguish occurs For this reason, when faced with
• Fluid between the lungs and the • Inability to get enough air.
Dyspnea associated with the inability to a picture of respiratory distress,
chest wall • Sensation of suffocation,
ventilate sufficiently to meet the an assessment by a specialist is
demand for air. • Pneumonia or infection oppression, suffocation or important to find the cause and
• Inflammation of the lungs after suffocation. apply the appropriate
radiation therapy treatment.
• Low red blood cell count
• A blood clots

It's the lack of oxygen. There is
depletion of the oxygen-carrying
Hypoxia capacity of the blood or
envenomation of intracellular
oxidative enzymes.
It is the collapse of the alveoli; can
be localized or generalized. When
the lung is flexible enough, only a
Atelectasis collapse of the alveoli occurs and
when it occurs in the entire lung it
is called massive collapse of the
lung.
It is a pathological process where
there is a bacterial invasion of the
lung parenchyma that causes
Pneumonia
exudative consolidation of the
viscera. The form it takes depends
on the specific etiologic agent.
• It occurs when not enough oxygen
reaches the brain.
• Irregular heart rhythm
• Suffocation
• Strangulation
• Asthma attack
• Poisoning
• Trauma to the trachea or lungs
• Obstruction of the airways (bronchi or
bronchioles) due to mucous plugs or
cancer
• Pressure on the outside of the lung
• Lack of a surfactant secreted by
specialized epithelial cells
• Bacteria, viruses and fungi from the
air we breathe.
It depends on the cause, severity
• Confusion or altered
and health condition of the
consciousness
person, however, in most cases it
• Cyanosis
consists of oxygen administration
• Tachypnea
through masks or orotracheal
• Tachycardia and diaphoresis
intubation.
It depends on the cause. Mild
atelectasis may go away without
• Difficulty breathing
treatment. Sometimes
• Agitated and shallow breathing medications are given to loosen
• Wheezing and thin the mucus. If the
• Cough condition is due to an
obstruction, surgery or other
treatments may be required.
• Chest pain when breathing or Specific treatment depends on
coughing the type and severity of
• Cough that can produce
pneumonia, your age, and your
phlegm general health. Options include
• Fatigue the following:
• Fever, sweating, and chills with
shaking - Antibiotics
- Cough medicines
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Fever reducers/analgesics
• Difficulty breathing

It is a disease characterized by
increased irritability of the
Asthma bronchial tree due to paroxysmal
narrowing of the bronchial
airways.
It is a blue coloring of the lips,
fingers and toes. Blood circulates
abnormally, so oxygen-poor
Cyanosis blood from the right side of the
heart goes directly to the left side,
instead of first going through the
lungs for more oxygen.
It is a disease caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. These bacteria
Tuberculosis usually attack the lungs, but they
can also attack other parts of the
body, such as the kidneys, spine,
and brain.
• Tobacco smoke
• Dust mites
• Atmospheric pollution
• Pets
• Mold
• Smoke from burning wood or grass
• Sinusitis
• Allergies
• Excessive physical exercise
• Medicines
• Significant cooling of the body
• Decreased stroke volume
• Local alterations of the arterial system
• Vasomotor disturbances
• Worsening venous return
• It is caused by a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It
spreads easily in crowded places.
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or tightness
This usually involves learning to
• Wheezing on exhalation, which
recognize triggers, taking steps
is a common sign of asthma in
to avoid them, and monitoring
children
your breathing to make sure
• Trouble sleeping caused by
medications are keeping
shortness of breath, coughing or
symptoms under control. In the
wheezing
event of an asthma attack, a
• Coughing or wheezing that is quick-relief inhaler may be used.
made worse by a respiratory
virus, such as a cold or flu
Oxygen therapy is the first
• Bluish discoloration of the lips, treatment that is administered,
fingers, and toes as in other situations that occur
• Dyspnea with low levels of oxygen in the
• Chest pain blood. Surgery is also an option,
• Tiredness or weakness depending on the type of birth
defect.
• Severe cough that lasts 3 weeks
Drug treatment, this procedure is
or more
followed especially with people
• Chest pain
who have HIV/AIDS or other
• Coughing up blood or sputum factors that increase the risk of
(phlegm that comes up from the contracting active tuberculosis.
bottom of the lungs)

Hypocapnia is defined as a
Hypocapnia deficiency of carbon dioxide
(CO2) in the arterial blood.
It is a type of respiratory failure.
Occurs when there is a large
Hypercapnia
amount of carbon dioxide (CO2)
in the bloodstream.
There are risk factors:
Potentially serious sleep disorder
in which breathing repeatedly
stops and starts again. These
Apnea
interruptions can last from a few
seconds to minutes and can occur
more than 30 times per hour.
• Hyperventilation
• Anxiety
• Fever
• Decreased central nervous system
respiratory drive
• Anatomical defects
• Decreased neuromuscular response
• Increased dead space within the lung.
• Overweight
• Deviated nasal septum
• Very large tonsils
• Be of the male sex
• Family background
• Advanced age
• Use of alcohol, sedatives
tranquilizers
1. Tratamiento causal
2. Tratamiento sintomático
(solamente en personas sin
hipoxia):
• Utilizar ansiolíticos o
• Alterations of consciousness
depresores del centro
• Symptoms of cerebral ischemia
respiratorio (benzodiazepinas,
• Paresthesia barbitúricos)
• Indicar la respiración en
una bolsa de plástico (para
aumentar el espacio respiratorio
muerto).
• Reddened skin
• Drowsiness or inability to Limites tu exposición a vapores o
concentrate sustancias químicas si han
• Mild headache causado hipercapnia
• Feeling short of breath relacionada con la EPOC.
• Feeling abnormally tired or
exhausted
• Loud snoring
• Episodes where breathing stops Recomendar cambios en el estilo
while you sleep de vida, como bajar de peso o
• Gasping for breath while dejar de fumar. Podría ser
sleeping necesario que cambiar la
posición en la que duermes.
• Waking up with a dry mouth
• Headache in the morning
or
• Insomnia