中级语法

Intermediate Grammar

Lesson 8 名词性从句-2 Noun Clause

Lesson Objective
本课主要介绍复合句中的名词性从句，包括主语从句和同位语从句的概念，用
法及针对性练习。

Teaching Steps:
I．主语从句 Subject Clause
1. 主语从句是指在句子中作主语的句子，有三类：

第一类：连接词引导

• That the earth turns around the sun is known to us.

地球绕着太阳转，这是众所周知的。
• Whether he come or not is not yet known.
他是否要来还不知道。

Practice 1：translation
(1) 这个小男孩害怕的是写作文。

(2) 这里说的话都应该被仔细地讨论。

(3) 无论谁有这样一位父亲都会感到非常幸福。

第二类：连接代词引导
• Who will go is not important.
谁去并不重要。

• What we need is more practice.

我们所需要的是再多一些训练。

• Whoever is here gets a prize.

不管谁来，都能获奖。

• Whatever I have done is only for you.

无论我做什么都是为了你。

2. That 引导的主语从句
他没来，我们很悲伤。
That he hadn’t come made us upset.

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It made us upset that he hadn’t come.

他拒绝这条建议是不可能的。
That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.

注意：由连词 that 词引起的主语从句常放到句子后部，由代词 it 做形式主语。

第三类：由连接副词引导的主语从句.
• When he will leave for the USA is not yet decided.
他什么时候去美国还没决定。

• Why he failed the physics exam was not clear.

不清楚他为什么没有通过物理考试。

• Where he has been is still a puzzle.

他曾去过什么地方仍是个谜。

• How Mark Twain became a great writer is known to us.

马克吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家是众所周知的。

Practice 2:
(1) 我们何时见到父母还是一个问题。

(2) 他是否来，无关紧要。

3. what 与 that 在引导名词性从句时的区别

what 引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语,宾语,表语,
而 that 则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：

(1) What you said yesterday is right.

(2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

Practice 3:
用 that 和 what 填空
(1) I think_____ it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.
(2) His mother is satisfied with _____ he has done.
(3) The reason was ______ Tod had never seen the million pound
bank-note.

Practice 4:
(1).It worried her a bit______ her hair was turning gray.
A while B that
C if D for

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(2)._______ we will play football tomorrow depends on the weather.
A If B Whether
C That D Where

(3). _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A What B That
C The fact D The matter

(4).Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off?

A When B if
C which D what

(5).______he has done much for the people _______ us very much.

A What please B That, pleases

C Because, makes D /,get

Practice 5:
Translation
(1) 地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。

(2) 谁将去那儿并不重要。

(3) 你需要的是更多的练习。

(4) 真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。

II. 同位语从句 Appositive Clause

同位语从句一般由 that, whether, when 等连词引导，常放在 fact, news, idea,
truth, hope, problem, information, suggestion, proposal, demand 等名词后面
说明该名词的具体内容。

You can’t get around the fact that it’s against the law.
你不能回避这是违法的这一事实。

He made a promise that he will lend us some money.

他承诺他将借给我们一些钱。

Practice 6:
(1) 我不知道你在这儿。

(2) 他还没有作出决定是否去那里。

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(3) 你听说过这所学校将建在农村的消息吗？

Practice 7:
(1). _____ she could not understand was______ fewer and fewer students
showed interest in her lessons.
• A. What, why
• B .That, what
• C .What, because
• D .Why, that

(2) Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this
coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether

(3).It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and
out of the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how

(4). There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____
road conditions need_____.

A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved

C. what; improving D. when; improving

(5). _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students
had been admitted to key universities.
A. What ; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because

Keys to the Exercises:

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Practice 1：translation
(1) What the little boy was afraid of was writing articles.

(2) Whatever was said here must be discussed carefully.

(3) Whoever has such a father will feel very happy.

Practice 2:
(1) When we shall meet our parents is still a problem.
It is still a problem when we shall meet our parents.

(2) Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.

It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.

注意：由连接副词引导的主语从句，可以直接放在句首做主语，也可以被放到
句字后面去，前面用 it 作形式主语，这两种结构可互换，意义无差别。

Practice 3:
用 that 和 what 填空
(1) I think_that____ it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.
(2) His mother is satisfied with _what____ he has done.
(3) The reason was _that_____ Tod had never seen the million pound
bank-note.

Practice 4:
(1). B.
It 是形式主语，that 引导的从句才是真正的主语。

(2). B
Whether 引导主语从句，在主语从句中不用 if.

(3). A
What he said at the meeting 是主语从句。

(4).A
It 是形式主语，what 引导的才是真正的主语

(5). B
That 引导的主语从句，that 只起了引导的作用，在句子中部做任何成分，
much 为代词，做及物动词 done 的宾语。

Practice 5:
Translation
(1) That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.

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(2) Who will go there is not important.

(3) What you need is more practice.

(4) It is a great pity that he should be so greedy.

Practice 6:
(1) I have no idea that you are here.

(2) He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

(3) Have you heard the news that the new school will be built in
the countryside?

Practice 7:
(1). A
解析：第一个空为 what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中做 understand 的宾语。
第二个空为 why 引导的表语从句

(2). B
解析： 这是一个同位语从句。解释 promise 的具体内容，要用 that 引导。

(3). C
解析：what 引导主语从句，what 在主语从句中作主语。that 引导主语从句时只
起引导作用，不作任何成分；when 和 how 分别表示时间和方式，在主
语从句中作状语。

(4). A
解析：that 引导同位语从句具体说明“新问题”的内容。need 后既
接动名词的主动式，也可接动词不定式的被动式作宾语。

(5). B
解析：what 引导主语从句，what 在主语从句中作主语；
that 引导表语从句，that 在主语从句中起连接作用。

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