CAR Working Paper 2023

What is the Impact of the Center for Adventist Research?

Jonathan Gomide
Center for Adventist Research
James White Library
Andrews University
November 2023

This work is component of a larger project analyzing the impact of the Center for Adventist Research
on global scholarship. I am grateful to Kevin Burton for framing the problem and providing guidance
during the research, and to Jim Ford for providing time and resources for the completion of the first
phase of this project.
 I Introduction

This paper uses citation data to analyze the impact of the Center for Adventist Research
(CAR). The data describes the relationship between Adventist and non-Adventist interest in CAR
materials from 1944-2023. In analyzing the data, five main factors of impact emerge: scope, geography,
type of work, physicality, and thematic interest. In light of these observations, this paper argues that
CAR has had a measurable impact outside of Seventh-day Adventism, and that there are several key
topics in which researchers have shown a strong interest. This paper outlines the assumptions, sources,
and results behind these conclusions.

II Data Construction

Core and Extended Samples. This research aggregates data on CAR citations that are accessible on
a variety of online databases. Ongoing research is targeting works that have cited the CAR but are not
searchable online. This analysis focuses on (1) works that explicitly cite CAR, (2) works that are listed
on an online database,1 and (3) works that have been published.2 An initial search targeted 540 books,
dissertations, theses, articles, and reports that mentioned the Center for Adventist Research, or a
variant of one of its previous names:3
• Advent Source Collection
• Heritage Room, Andrews University Library
• Heritage Room: A Seventh-day Adventist Archive
• Andrews University Heritage Center
• Andrews University Heritage Room
• Adventist Heritage Center
• Adventist Heritage Room
• Ellen G. White Research Center
• White Estate Branch Office
• Ellen G. White Estate Branch Office and Research Center
• White Estate Branch Office at Andrews University
• James White Library Heritage Room
• Ellen G. White Estate Branch Office
• White Research Center
• Adventist Digital Library
• Center for Adventist Research

1 Databases searched include Google Books, Google Scholar, HathiTrust, ProQuest, Internet Archive, Project MUSE,
and JSTOR.
2 Many papers that cite the Center for Adventist Research are written for classes at the Seventh-day Adventist

Theological Seminary, and are thus never published. This analysis focuses on works that have been published, except in
the case of dissertations and theses.
3 Several of these terms are used by other research centers around the world. All the terms listed here refer exclusively to

the Center for Adventist Research at Andrews University.

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 The data cohort was narrowed to 440 works. Some works appeared to cite a manuscript or
document housed at CAR, but upon closer scrutiny, it became clear that the document in question
was either available digitally or was not exclusively held by CAR. It is important to highlight that all
the works included in the data cohort cite an original source or document held exclusively by CAR.
Thus, the analysis is insured to measure only those works that are being explicitly impacted by the
Center for Adventist Research.
The data cohort represented here aggregated works from 1944 to 2023. The data was arranged
according to the following criteria and respective ranking: Year of publication, Type (book,
dissertation, article, etc.), Title, Country of Publication, Entity (Adventist or non-Adventist), Subject,
CAR Code (whether the work cited the CAR as “Center for Adventist Research,” “Adventist Heritage
Center,” etc.), Locale of Citation (whether the most significant mentions of CAR occur in the
acknowledgments, footnotes, body of the text, etc.), and Total Scope (the amount of CAR citations
that occur within a given work). From this main database, eleven other sub-databases were extracted.
These extended databases targeted specific aspects of the overarching core data sample, and aimed to
uncover trends and patterns in the data. The graphs shown in this report are plotted from these
databases.
Relationship Between Entities. The first extended data sample targeted the relationship between
Adventist and non-Adventist works. A database was extracted from the main data cohort that defined
‘Year’ across ‘Entities’ and ‘Total Scope.’ The resulting data sample aimed to plot the historical trend
of Adventist and non-Adventist citations of CAR in relation to each other. To do this, NaN values
were assigned to both ‘Adventist’ and ‘Non-Adventist’ entities, as defined by the extended database.4
The resulting subset of NaN values—as defined within the floating-point (FP) representation—
aggregates the data on entities based on the following measures: (1) Total Scope. The NaN value
describes the total scope ratings within a given year. All the works were divided according to their
entity (Adventist or non-Adventist), and then added within the respective entity for the total value of
the given year. After this, the total scope metric was added by attributing a subset of NaN values to
the already-calculated value of the entity for the year. These NaN values (1, 2, 3, 4, according to the
‘Total Scope’ metric) were added, resulting in the final number of the ‘Total Scope’ metric for the
given year. (2) Year. The NaN value always respects the aggregate value of a respective entity
(Adventist or non-Adventist) for a given year. (3) Entity. The NaN value is always calculated
individually for Adventist and non-Adventist entities. The resulting figures plot the relationship of
entities across years in aggregate scope (Figure I), and in relation to each other (Figure II).

4NaN (‘Not a Number’) describes the attribution of a numeric value to a non-numeric entity. In the case of the present
analysis, NaN values were used to represent two possible variations: ‘Adventist,’ or ‘non-Adventist.’ It is important to
point out that NaN is a specific floating-point (FP) value.

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 FIGURE I: The Impact of the CAR on Scope and Entities

Notes: Figure I traces the historical footprint of CAR by charting its citation impact from 1944 to 2023. The
vertical axis, marked from 1 to 4, quantifies the depth of CAR material engagement within scholarly works,
with 1 reflecting minimal, 2 indicating moderate, 3 signifying significant, and 4 denoting mostly
comprehensive use. This graph presents an evaluative measure of the ‘Total Scope’ within each work. Total
scope here is twofold: it considers the proportionality of CAR references in relation to the work’s overall
content and the cumulative frequency of such citations. The aggregation method employed transcends the
diversity of work types—whether articles, books, or dissertations—by unifying them under a common ‘scope’
metric, thus enabling a coherent comparative analysis across different formats. The ‘Aggregated Scope Value’
is the summation of individual scope ratings for all works in a year. It reveals not just the frequency of CAR
mentions, but the intensity of its resonance in scholarly discourse. The resulting curve illustrates the ebb and
flow of this intellectual engagement over decades, highlighting periods of peak scholarly interaction with CAR
resources.

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 FIGURE II: Comparative Scope Values in Adventist and Non-Adventist Sources

Notes: This figure delineates the cumulative influence of CAR by mapping the aggregated citation scope for
Adventist and Non-Adventist scholarly works. The y-axis represents the sum of the scope values assigned to
works each year, with higher values indicating a greater prevalence of CAR citations. In this context, the
scope encapsulates not just the frequency of citations but their relative significance within each work.

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 Measuring Geographical Impact. The core data sample revealed a global span of twenty-one
countries that have cited CAR. This metric is limited, for most of the books on online databases are
in English. Therefore, the data that was collected on ‘Countries’ does not accurately reflect the
global footprint of CAR’s impact. Until further research is conducted, conclusions on the general
scope of non-English CAR citations must be suspended. However, the twenty-one countries that do
cite CAR hint at an international scope of impact.
Aggregation by Type. To construct Figure III, a data sample was extracted from the main database.
This sub-cohort aggregated data on the various types of works that cite CAR across years. Of the data
sample, the majority were books (over 275 works), followed by dissertations, articles, theses, journals,
and reports. There is a possibility that the ratio of books to other types of works might change as
more data is collected. For the data cohort used in this analysis, books are at the top, followed closely
by dissertations.

FIGURE III: Frequency of CAR Citations by Type

Distribution of Research Subjects. The main dataset lists the individual subjects of each work. Due
to the specificity of some of the works, several were grouped into broader categories. This enabled
the plotting of trends and cumulative graphs. For example, a 1994 volume entitled Historiography of the
Chinese Catholic Church: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries was initially identified as “Chinese church
history, nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” For the plotting of Figure V (a), Historiography of the Chinese
Catholic Church was grouped under “Interdenominational Historical Studies.” The volume touches on
denominations other than Catholicism, including its mention of the “Adventist Heritage Center.”5 For

5Jerome Heyndrickx, ed., Historiography of the Chinese Catholic Church: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Belgium: K.U.
Leuven, 1994), 428.

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Figure V (b), the volume was grouped under “International Religious History.” This procedure was
followed throughout the plotting of both graphs of Figure V.

III Correlates of Impact

What is the implication of this data in analyzing the global impact of the Center for Adventist
Research? The first step is to correlate the individual measures of the data and analyze the story it tells.
This section discusses the correlations of scientific impact with the categories in Figures I and II that
have the highest relationship with impact: total scope, geography, type of work, physicality, and
thematic interest.
Total Scope. One of the most important measures of impact is the overall scope of a work: How
much CAR material does a book or dissertation use relative to the entire work? To plot Figure I, the
total scope of each work is assigned a NaN value (within floating-point [FP] numbers). Once this is
done, the total value for each year is combined, thus creating the datapoints for the non-parametric
scatterplots in Figure I.
The graphs in Figure I show that engagement with CAR material has been on an upward trend
for both Adventist and non-Adventist scholarship. The strongest period of growth identified by the
data cohort occurred from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Going into the early 2000s, a reduction
in both citation counts and total scope of engagement ensued. This was followed by a moderate period
of growth, followed by peak engagement in 2015 and a sharp decline in 2016. Moderate engagement
has continued since then. Figure II plots the interrelationship between Adventist and non-Adventist
works that cite CAR. In both scope and overall trend, non-Adventist engagement with CAR has been
more moderate. However, the trend among non-Adventist works has been stronger than that of
Adventist works—there are less peaks and lows, as evinced by Figure II, Panel B.
Geography. Most of the works in the data cohort were published in the United States. In analyzing
the data, the country of publication (or the country wherein the research was completed, in the case
of dissertations) was listed in the ‘Countries’ category. This was the method used, rather than the
nationality of the author. As this study is confined to (1) works that explicitly cite the CAR, (2) that
are searchable on an internet database, and (3) that have been published, we suspect that the graphs
in Figure IV do not accurately reflect the international impact of the CAR. Further research in physical
databases must be undertaken to supplement the current picture of international impact. Still, Figure
IV shows that English-speaking countries account for most CAR citations (the United States and the
United Kingdom). Germany follows as the third, and Brazil is the fourth. Part of the challenge of
building an accurate data cohort is that several countries tend to cite the ‘Center for Adventist
Research’ in their respective language. For example, several of the books published in Brazil cite the
CAR as ‘Centro Integrado de Pesquisa Adventista,’ or simply ‘Centro de Pesquisa Adventista’ at the
‘Biblioteca Tiago White.’ Thus, a general knowledge of how the CAR is cited in a particular country
is needed before a more accurate geographical picture can be seen.

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 FIGURE IV: Impact of the CAR Across Counties

Note: Panel A presents a non-parametric scatter plot of the CAR’s citation impact across the top three
countries of the data cohort (1944-2023).

Type of Work. It is important to stress that this analysis focuses on works that have been published
(excluding dissertations and theses). Many of the papers that cite the CAR are written for classes at
the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary, and thus remain unpublished. The data cohort is
slanted toward books, or works that have been published, and thus more impactful. Among the works
represented here, the data shows that CAR is most often cited in books, followed closely by
dissertations (Figure III). Articles account for less than half of the total mentions as books. Given that
books are generally more influential than articles (at least in the humanities), and that they take longer
to write, it is perhaps surprising that the CAR has found its highest resonance with books, rather than
shorter works.

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 Physicality. Comparatively few works have cited an online database—such as the Adventist
Digital Library (ADL). Within the data cohort, the earliest mention of ADL is from 2018. From 2018
to 2022 six books, three dissertations, two articles, and one thesis have cited ADL. However, ADL
requests that scholars cite the name of the repository that owns the item. Citations of ADL should
not increase over time.
There is a link between physical presence and citation impact. Many of the early citations of
CAR (such as ‘Adventist Heritage Center,’ or ‘Heritage Room’), mention a person in connection to
the archival collection. On the early side, several works mention Louise Dederen. More recently, many
works mention Jim Ford. Given the confines of the data cohort (the three points iterated earlier),
works of higher impact—such as books and dissertations—tend to require in-person research, or at
the very least personal communication with the archive.6 Thus, there seems to be a link between
personal connection and scientific impact.
Thematic Interest. A consistent measure of impact throughout the data cohort is thematic interest.
There is a strong connection between thematic interest and overall impact. Thematic interest is not
just an esoteric method of data analysis; it is a natural outgrowth of researchers’ top interests
throughout the years. Figure V (a) puts together the top themes of the works that have cited the CAR
across both Adventist and non-Adventist entities. Across both entities, the main research interest is
Adventist studies. The second most-researched theme is interdenominational historical studies, which
sees significant interest from both Adventist and non-Adventist scholars. These are studies which to
situate Adventism within a broader social, historical, and religious context. Reference guides
comprehend the third category. These refer to database reference works, yearbooks of archives, and
even writing and formatting guides for both local and national databases. The fourth, fifth, and sixth,
respectively, are biography, theology, and creation/evolution. Citations of the Price Collection are
included in this last category.
Among non-Adventist entities, international religious history came in at the top, with American
religious history in close second. Reference guides, Adventism (non-Adventist works about
Adventism), and creation/evolution are seen on a similar level. The next thematic interests (according
to their respective ranks) are biography, biblical theology, Ellen White, and health.
Not surprisingly, the main research interest is Adventist studies. Considering this interest, the
Center for Adventist Research should continue to uphold its reputation as the most extensive
collection of Adventist-related materials in the world.7 However, CAR may also find many researchers
eager to probe into collections that relate to international religious history, American religious history,
and issues of creation/evolution. Non-Adventist researchers evince considerable interest in CAR
collections that relate to these topics. For Adventists, CAR must be seen as the best place to conduct
research on Adventism. For non-Adventists, CAR may be presented as an important place to conduct
research on global aspects of religious history.

6 The Center for Adventist Research receives numerous monthly queries about collections, questions about Adventist
history, and requests for materials.
7 Merlin Burt, Jim Ford, and Terry Dwain Robertson. “The Center for Adventist Research at Andrews University,”

Theological Librarianship 8, no. 1 (2015): 24-26.

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 FIGURE V: Research Subjects and CAR Citations

Notes: Figure A aggregates the distribution of subjects across all entities in the data cohort. Figure B focuses
on the subject distribution of the aggregated non-Adventist entities.

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 IV Conclusion

The question of impact is fundamentally a problem of the spread of ideas—how they are
developed and disseminated. As an archive, the Center for Adventist Research is uniquely posited to
aid in the development of impactful scholarly ideas. This paper has used citation data to present a new
portrait of the scientific impact of the Center for Adventist Research. The data cohort used was limited
to (1) works that explicitly cite CAR, (2) works that are listed on an online database, and (3) published
works. The analysis of this data shows that CAR’s impact has been intergenerational,
interdenominational, international, and interdisciplinary.
The picture of impact that emerges is a multifaceted one. This analysis has described five factors
related to CAR’s overall impact: scope, geography, type of work, physicality, and thematic interest.
The general trend of scope shows that CAR’s overall trend has been positive. While most of the data
cohort focused on the United States, several countries in Europe, South America, and Asia have
engaged with CAR’s resources. Books are the type of work that most frequently cite CAR
(dissertations come in at a close second). Across all entities, Adventist studies is the most-researched
topic; among non-Adventist scholarship, international and American religious history are the two
most frequent subjects.
The main lesson of this analysis is that CAR’s impact outside of Seventh-day Adventism is
considerable. Going forward, a key question is what can be done to expand CAR’s reach among non-
Adventist researchers. Part of the answer may lie in emphasizing the subjects that scholars have shown
an interest in (such as international religious history, American religious history, or
creationism/evolution), while also creating awareness of other related topics and collections. Both
Adventist and non-Adventist engagement with CAR materials has been on a definite upward trend.
The strong core interest shown by non-Adventist scholars evinces an opportunity to impact non-
Adventist scholarship in years to come.
In summary, the following are the main conclusions of this paper:

Topic
Adventist Studies and international
religious history are the
most-researched topics across
Adventist and non-Adventist
entities
Impact
CAR impact has been
Trend
intergenerational,
CAR impact has been increasing
interdenominational, international,
and interdisciplinary

Center for Adventist Research

James White Library,
Andrews University

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 CAR and Non-Adventist Researchers

Edith Lydia Blumhofer (1950-2020)

Edith Blumhofer (PhD, Harvard University) was Professor of
History and Director of the Institute for the Study of American
Evangelicals (ISAE) at Wheaton College. She was tenured at
Wheaton from 1987 until her retirement as Emerita Professor of
History in 2017. Blumhofer was a renowned scholar of American
religious history, especially for her research on Pentecostalism and
evangelicalism. Some of her key publications include Restoring the
Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism and American Culture
(University of Illinois, 1993), Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybody’s Sister
(Eerdmans, 1993), and “Her Heart Can See”: The Life and Hymns of Fanny
J. Crosby (Eerdmans, 2005). Her 1990 work with Joel A. Carpenter
Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism: A Guide to the Sources cites the “Adventist Heritage Center.”

Joel A. Carpenter
Joel Carpenter (PhD, Johns Hopkins University) is Professor of
History at Calvin University, and Senior Research Fellow at the
Nagel Institute for the Study of World Christianity. Carpenter was
the Provost of Calvin from 1996 to 2006. His main research
interests are American religious and cultural history, and Christianity
in Africa and Asia. Some of his key publications include Revive Us
Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (Oxford, 1999),
The Changing Face of Christianity: Africa, the West, and the World (Oxford,
2005), and the edited volumes Christian Higher Education: A Global
Reconnaissance (Eerdmans, 2014), and Christianity in Chinese Public Life
(Palgrave, 2014). His 1990 work with Edith Blumhofer Twentieth-
Century Evangelicalism: A Guide to the Sources cites the “Adventist Heritage Center.”

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 Jeroom J. Heyndrickx
Jeroom Heyndrickx (CICM) is a Roman Catholic Priest, scholar, and
missionary to China. He was born in Belgium in 1931, and was in
ordained as priest in 1956. He left for mission work in Taiwan in
1957, and was vicar general of the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis
Mariae (CICM) from 1974 to 1981. In 1982 he founded the
Ferdinand Verbiest Institute at the Catholic University of Leuven,
and in began teaching at the Shanghai and Beijing Seminaries after
1985. From 2007 to 2013 Heyndrickx was a member of the Vatican
Commission on China, and in 2017 he led discussions between the
Vatican and the government of China. As a scholar, Heyndrickx’s
publications include the edited volumes Philippe Couplet, S.J. (1623-
1693): The Man Who Brought China to Europe (K.U. Leuven, 1990), and
Historiography of the Chinese Catholic Church: Nineteenth and Twentieth
Centuries (K.U. Leuven, 1994). Heyndrickx’s Historiography cites the “Adventist Heritage Center.”

C. Marvin Pate
C. Marvin Pate (PhD, Marquette University) is the Cobb Professor
of Christian Theology at Ouachita Baptist University. He previously
taught at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. His main research
interests are biblical theology, philosophy, and apocalypticism. Pate
is the author or editor of over twenty books, including The End of the
Age Has Come: The Theology of Paul (Zondervan, 1995), The Story of
Israel: A Biblical Theology (IVP, 2004), Dictionary of Biblical Prophecy and
End Times (Zondervan, 2009), The Writings of John: A Survey of the
Gospel, Epistles, and Apocalypse (Zondervan, 2011), From Plato to Jesus
(Kregel, 2011), and the edited volume Doomsday Delusions: What’s
Wrong with Predictions about the End of the World (IVP, 1995). Doomsday
Delusions cites the Hiram Edson manuscript fragment at the
“Heritage Room, Andrews University Library.”

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 John Corrigan
John Corrigan (PhD, University of Chicago) is the Edwin Scott
Gaustad and the Lucius Moody Bristol Distinguished Professor of
Religion and History at Florida State University. Corrigan’s
research focuses on the intersections of religion and emotion, as
well as on religion and violence. A prominent historian of
American religious history, Corrigan has been a visiting professor
at Harvard, Columbia, Oxford, and the American Academy in
Rome. His key publications include Jews, Christians, Muslims: A
Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions (Taylor &
Francis, 2016), Business of the Heart: Religion and Emotion in the
Nineteenth Century (University of California Press, 2002), Religious
Intolerance, America, and the World: A History of Forgetting and Remembering (University of Chicago
Press, 2020), and Religion in America (Routledge, 2018). Religion in America includes a column written
by Kevin Burton, and mentions CAR in the acknowledgments.

Brian C. Wilson.
Brian Wilson (PhD, University of California, Santa Barbara) is
Professor of American religious history at Western Michigan
University. His research interests are American religious history
and new religious movements, religion in the Midwest and in the
Yankee Diaspora, and theory and method in the academic study of
religion. His publications include Yankees in Michigan (Michigan
State University Press, 2012), The California Days of Ralph Waldo
Emerson (University of Massachusetts Press, 2022), John E. Fetzer
and the Quest for the New Age (Wayne State University Press, 2018),
and John Harvey Kellogg and the Religion of Biologic Living (Indiana
University Press, 2014). For John Harvey Kellogg, Wilson conducted
research at the Center for Adventist Research. His book cites CAR
numerous times for its collections on Kellogg and pantheism.

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 Howard Markel
Howard Markel (M.D., University of Michigan Medical School, PhD,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine) is the George E.
Wantz Distinguished Professor of the History of Medicine, Director
of the Center for the History of Medicine, Professor of Pediatrics
and Communicable Diseases, Professor of History, Professor of
Health Management and Policy, Professor of Psychiatry, and
Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of
Michigan. He is the author of numerous books, including Quarantine!
East European Jewish Immigrants and the New York City Epidemics of 1892
(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), When Germs Travel
(Pantheon Books, 2004), An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud,
William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug, Cocaine. (Knopf Doubleday,
2012), The Secret of Life: Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and the Discovery of DNA’s Double
Helix (W. W. Norton, 2021), and The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek (Knopf
Doubleday, 2018). For The Kellogs, Markel conducted research at CAR.

Leigh Eric Schmidt

Leigh Eric Schmidt (PhD, Princeton University) is the Edward C.
Mallinckrodt Distinguished University Professor in the Humanities,
Washington University in St. Louis. From 2009-2011 he was the
Charles Warren Professor of the History of Religion in America at
Harvard University, and from 2007-2009 he was the Agate Brown
and George L. Collord Professor of Religion at Princeton University.
In 2015 Schmidt was appointed a Distinguished Lecturer for the
Organization of American Historians. His key publications include
Hearing Things: Religion, Illusion, and the American Enlightenment (Harvard
University Press, 2000), Heaven’s Bride: The Unprintable Life of Ida C.
Craddock, American Mystic, Scholar, Sexologist, Martyr, and Madwoman (Basic Books, 2010), Village
Atheists: How America’s Unbelievers Made Their Way in a Godly Nation (Princeton University Press, 2016),
and The Church of Saint Thomas Paine: A Religious History of American Secularism (Princeton University
Press, 2021). For Village Atheists, Schmidt conducted research at CAR, which is mentioned as
“Adventist Research Center at Andrews University” in the acknowledgements.

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 Mark A. Noll
Mark Noll (PhD, Vanderbilt University) is a well-known historian
of intellectual and religious history. He is a Research Professor of
History at Regent College, and was previously the Francis A.
McAnaney Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame.
In 2005, Time magazine named Noll one of the 25 most influential
evangelicals in America. He is a member of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, and he received the 2006 National
Endowment for the Humanities medal at the White House. His key
publications include America’s God, from Jonathan Edwards to Abraham
Lincoln (Oxford University Press, 2002), The Civil War as a Theological
Crisis (University of North Carolina Press, 2006), God and Race in
American Politics: A Short History (Princeton University Press, 2008), Protestantism: A Very Short
Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2011). Noll has been a guest lecturer at Andrews University.
His edited volume Evangelicals and Science in Historical Perspective (Oxford University Press, 1999) cites
the “Adventist Heritage Center.”

David Morgan
David Morgan (PhD, University of Chicago) is Professor of
Religious Studies at Duke University. His research focuses on the
history of religious visual culture, on art history and critical theory,
and on religion and media. His publications include The Embodied
Eye: Religious Visual Culture and the Social Life of Feeling (University of
California, 2012), The Lure of Images: A History of Religion and Visual
Media in America (Routledge, 2007), The Forge of Vision: A Visual
History of Modern Christianity (University of California Press, 2015),
Visual Piety: A History and Theory of Popular Religious Images (University
of California Press, 1999), The Sacred Gaze: Religious Visual Culture in
Theory and Practice (University of California Press, 2005), and
Protestants and Pictures: Religion, Visual Culture, and the Age of American
Mass Production (Oxford, 1999). Morgan cites CAR in both Visual Piety and Protestants and Pictures.

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 D. G. Hart
Darryl G. Hart (PhD, Johns Hopkins University) is Associate
Professor of History at Hillsdale College. Hart has written
extensively on interdenominationalism, Protestantism, and
evangelicalism. His articles on Protestantism and religion in
America have appeared in The Wall Street Journal. His
publications include Defending the Faith: J. Gresham Machen and the
Crisis of Conservative Protestantism in Modern America (Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1994), The University Gets Religion: Religious Studies
in American Higher Education (Johns Hopkins University Press,
1999), Deconstructing Evangelicalism: Conservative Protestantism in the
Age of Billy Graham (Baker, 2004), From Billy Graham to Sarah Palin:
Evangelicals and the Betrayal of American Conservatism (Eerdmans,
2011), and Benjamin Franklin: Cultural Protestant (Oxford, 2021).
Hart’s edited volume (with Mark Noll and David N. Livingstone) Evangelicals and Science in Historical
Perspective (Oxford, 1999) cites the “Adventist Heritage Center.”

David N. Livingstone
David Noel Livingstone (PhD, Queen’s University Belfast, CBE,
OBE, FBA) is Emeritus Professor in the School of Natural and
Built Environment at Queen’s University Belfast. His research
focuses on the histories of geographic knowledge, the spatiality of
scientific culture, and the historical geographies of science and
religion. His works include Darwin’s Forgotten Defenders: The
Encounter Between Evangelical Theology and Evolutionary Thought
(Regent College Publishing, 1997), Putting Science in Its Place:
Geographies of Scientific Knowledge (University of Chicago
Press, 2003), Geography and Revolution (University of Chicago
Press, 2010), and Dealing with Darwin: Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in
Religious Engagements with Evolution (Johns Hopkins University
Press, 2014). His edited volume (with Mark Noll and D. G. Hart)
Evangelicals and Science in Historical Perspective (Oxford, 1999) cites sources from the “Adventist
Heritage Center.”

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 Catherine A. Brekus
Catherine Brekus (PhD, Yale University) is Charles Warren
Professor of the History of Religion in America at Harvard
Divinity School and Chair of the Committee on the Study of
Religion in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Her research is
focused on the interactions between religion and American
culture, with emphasis on gender, women, Christianity, and the
evangelical movement. She was the editor for Sarah Osborn’s
Collected Writings (Yale University Press, 2017), and is the author of
Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845
(University of North Carolina Press, 1998) and Sarah Osborn’s
World: The Rise of Evangelical Christianity in Early America (Yale
University Press, 2013). In Strangers and Pilgrims, Brekus cites the
“Heritage Room, Andrews University Library.”

Sally M. Promey
Sally Promey (PhD, University of Chicago) is Professor of
Religion and Visual Culture, Professor of American and Religious
Studies, and Director of the Center for the Study of Material and
Visual Cultures of Religion at Yale Divinity School. Her
fellowships include a Guggenheim Fellowship, and a National
Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship. Her research focuses
on histories of intersections between art, religion, culture, and
power (political and economic) in America, public displays of
religion, public aesthetics of American religion, and iconoclasm in
American culture. Her key publications include Spiritual Spectacles:
Vision and Image in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Shakerism (Indiana
University Press, 1993), Painting Religion in Public: John Singer
Sargent’s Triumph of Religion at the Boston Public Library (Princeton University Press, 1999), and the
edited volumes Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Material Practice (Yale University Press, 2014),
and American Religious Liberalism (Indiana University Press, 2012), edited with Leigh Eric Schmidt.
Her book (co-edited with David Morgan) The Visual Culture of American Religions (University of
California Press, 2001), cites the “Adventist Heritage Center at Andrews University.”

18
 Database References8

Nichol, Francis David. The Midnight Cry, A Defense of William Miller and the Millerites. Washington, D.C.:
Review and Herald, 1945.

Froom, LeRoy. Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers. Vol. IV. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald, 1954.

Patt, Jacob Michael. The History of the Advent Movement in Germany. PhD diss., Stanford University, 1958.

VandeVere, Emmett K. The Wisdom Seekers: The Intriguing Story of the Men and Women Who Made the First
Institution for Higher Learning Among Seventh-day Adventists. Nashville, TN: Southern Pub. Association,
1972.

Lee Ash, ed. Subject Collections: A Guide to Special Book Collections and Subject Emphases as Reported by
University, College, Public, and Special Libraries and Museums in the United States and Canada. London: R.R.
Bowker, 1974.

Maberly, Clifton R. “The Polygamous Marriage Variant: The Policy and Practice of a Church.” M.A.
thesis, Andrews University, 1975.

Vande Vere, Emmett K, compiler. Windows: Selected Readings in Seventh-Day Adventist Church History,
1844-1922. Southern Publishing Association, 1975.

Peters, Harold Eugene. Education and Achievement: The Contributions of Education to the Development of Elites
among the Plateau Tonga of Zambia. University of Zambia, Institute for African Studies, 1976.

Damsteegt, P. Gerard. Foundations of the Seventh-Day Adventist Message and Mission. Wm. B. Eerdmans,
1977.

Hook, Milton Raymond. Flames over Battle Creek: The Story of George W. Amadon, Review and Herald Printer,
Who Shared in the Early Successes and Tragedies of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Washington, D.C.:
Review and Herald, 1977.

Damsteegt, P. Gerardus. “Toward the Theology of Mission of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.”
PhD diss., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (The Netherlands), 1977.

Lindén, Ingemar. The Last Trump: An Historico-Genetical Study of Some Important Chapters in the Making and
Development of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1978.

Vyhmeister, Nancy Jean. “Implications of Selected Curricular Determinants for Seventh-Day

Adventist Graduate Theological Education in the South American Division.” PhD diss., Andrews
University, 1978.

Hook, Milton Raymond. “The Avondale School and Adventist Educational Goals, 1894-1900.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 1978.

8 References are listed by year, as they appear in the database.

19
Hoornstra, Jean, ed. The Millerites and Early Adventists: An Index to the Microfilm Collection of Rare Books
and Manuscripts. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1978.

Devnich, Donald Douglas. “An Assessment of the Organizational Climate for Creativity in the
Canadian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists—Recommendations for Change Based
on the Perceptions of Leading Church Members.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1978.

Nakhle, Najeeb W. “Factors Related to the Brain Drain from the Middle East Union of the Afro-
Mideast Division.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1978.

Bermeo, Franklin H. “Ellen G. White’s Theory of Character Development with Inferences Suggested
by Selected Contemporary Psychologists.” PhD diss., New York University, 1979.

Müller, Richard. Adventisten, Sabbat, Reformation: Geht Das Ruhetagsverständnis Der Adventisten Bis Zur Zeit
Der Reformation Zurück?: Eine Theologiegeschichtliche Untersuchung. CWK Gleerup, 1979.

Kisaka, John Aza. “The Adventist Church's Position and Response to Socio-Cultural Issues in Africa.”
PhD diss., Andrews University, 1979.

Itin, Rolando Argentino. “A Study of the Duties of the Elders of Local Seventh-Day Adventist
Churches in Chile: A Needs Assessment.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1979.

Ford, Desmond. Daniel 8:14, the Day of Atonement, and the Investigative Judgment. Google Books. Euangelion
Press, 1980.

Liburd, Ronald N. “A Comparative Study of Selected Chapters from Desire of Ages by Ellen G. White
and the Life of Christ by William Hanna.” Research Paper, Andrews University, 1980.

Adams, Roy. “The Doctrine of the Sanctuary in the Seventh-day Adventist Church: Three
Approaches.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1981.

Willis, Lloyd Allan. “Usage of Archaeological Data in North American Seventh-Day Adventist
Literature, 1937-1980.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1982.

Neall, Ralph E. “The Nearness and the Delay of the Parousia in the Writings of Ellen G. White.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 1982.

Lindsay, Allan Gibson. “Goodloe Harper Bell: Pioneer Seventh-Day Adventist Christian Educator
(Michigan).” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1982.

Cummings, Violet May. Has Anybody Really Seen Noah’s Ark? An Affirmative Definitive Report. Creation-
Life Publishers, 1982.

Valentine, Gilbert Murray. “William Warren Prescott: Seventh-Day Adventist Educator.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 1982.

Monteith, Ernest John. The Lord Is My Shepherd: A History of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Canada.
Parkland Color Press, 1983.

20
Knight, George R. Early Adventist Educators. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1983.

Gallagher, Jonathan. “Believing Christ's Return: An Interpretative Analysis of the Dynamics of

Christian Hope.” PhD diss., University of St. Andrews, 1983.

Zackrison, Edwin Harry. “Seventh-day Adventists and Original Sin: A Study of the Early
Development of the Seventh-day Adventist Understanding of the Effect of Adam’s Sin on His
Posterity.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1984.

Webster, Eric Claude. Crosscurrents in Adventist Christology. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang, 1984.

Symposium on the Role of Women in the Church. Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute Committee,
General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists, 1984.

Reye, Arnold Colin. “Frederick Griggs: Seventh-Day Adventist Educator and Administrator.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 1984.

Leonard, Harry. J.N. Andrews, the Man and the Mission. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press,
1985.

Lee, Jairyong. “Faith and Works in Ellen G. White’s Doctrine of the Last Judgment.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 1985.

Daily, Steven G. “The Irony of Adventism: The Role of Ellen White and Other Adventist Women in
Nineteenth Century America.” DMin diss., Claremont School of Theology, 1985.

Graham, Roy E. Ellen G. White, Co-Founder of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. Frankfurt: Peter Lang,
1985.

Ponniah, Melchizedek Mithraraj. “The Concept of Contextualization and its Implications for the
Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Education in India.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1986.

Ashworth, Warren Sidney. “Edward Alexander Sutherland and Seventh-Day Adventist Educational
Reform: The Denominational Years, 1890-1904.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1986.

Coy, Gerald Wayne. “Manual Training: Its Role in the Development of the Seventh-Day Adventist
Educational System.” PhD diss., University of Northern Iowa, 1987.

Directory of Michigan Academic Libraries. Michigan Library Association, Academic Division, 1987.

Burton, Wilbur Arthur. A History of the Mission of Seventh-day Adventist Education, 1844-1900. PhD diss.,
Kansas State University, 1987.

Doss, Gorden R. “An Analytical Review of Christian Spirituality with Special Reference to the
Seventh-Day Adventist Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1987.

Wagatsuma, Seizou. “Development of a Biblical Paradigm for Ministry to Unbaptized Seventh-Day

Adventist Children.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1987.

21
Bilima, Jaspine Dabson Chimphanga. “The Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Malawi, 1900-1980.”
M.Div thesis, Andrews University, 1987.

Morris, Derek John. “Nurturing the Pastor’s Spiritual Discipline of Prayer Through the Dynamic of
Spiritual Direction.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1987.

Knight, George R. From 1888 to Apostasy: The Case of A.T. Jones. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald,
1987.

Walemba, Nathaniel Mumbere. “An Approach to a Holistic Ministry in a Seventh-Day Adventist

Urban Church in Uganda.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1988.

Directory of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the United States. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1988.

Brenneise, Harvey. “Self-Study and Strategic Plan: Final Report.” Berrien Springs, MI: James White
Library, Andrews University, 1989.

Mustard, Andrew Gordon. James White and SDA Organization: Historical Development, 1844-1881. Berrien
Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1988.

Waters, John Francis. “Warren Eugene Howell: Seventh-Day Adventist Educational Administrator.”
PhD diss., Andrews University, 1988.

Hooper, Wayne, and Edward E. White. Companion to the Seventh-Day Adventist Hymnal. Washington,
D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1988.

del Pozo, Luis Alberto. “The Peruvian Educational Reform of 1968-1980 and Seventh-Day Adventist
Education at Inca Union College: A Study in Models.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1988.

Espinosa, Carlos Enrique. “Orthodoxy and Heresy in Hans Kung: An Analysis and Critique of His
Criteria and Norms of Christian Truth and Error.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1988.

Smith, Alanzo H. “Toward a Caring Ministry: An Investigation into the Needs and Concerns of
Divorced or Separated Persons in West Indian Churches of the Greater New York Conference of
Seventh-day Adventists.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1988.

Crouch, Archie R. Christianity in China: A Scholar’s Guide to Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the
United States. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1989.

Knight, George R. Angry Saints: Tensions and Possibilities in the Adventist Struggle Over Righteousness by Faith.
Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald, 1989.

Hunt, Thomas C., and James Carper, eds. Religious Seminaries in America: A Selected Bibliography. New
York: Routledge, 1989.

Murphy, James L. The Reluctant Radicals: Jacob L. Beilhart and the Spirit Fruit Society. Lanham, MD:
University Press of America, 1989.

22
Oliver, Barry David. SDA Organizational Structure: Past, Present and Future. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews
University Press, 1989.

Wahlen, Clinton L. “Selected Aspects of Ellet J. Waggoner's Eschatology and their Relation to His
Understanding of Righteousness by Faith, 1882-1895.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1989.

Strand, Kenneth A. “Luther’s First Edition of the Pentateuch.” Andrews University Seminary Studies 27,
no. 1 (1989): 13.

McGarrell, Roy Israel. “The Historical Development of Seventh-Day Adventist Eschatology, 1884-
1895.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1990.

Haynes, Dwight Eric. “The Final Generation: A Descriptive Account of the Development of a
Significant Aspect of M. L. Andreasen's Eschatology as Related to His Treatment of the Sanctuary
Doctrine between 1924-1937.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1990.

Roennfeldt, Ray C. William. “Clark H. Pinnock's Shift in His Doctrine of Biblical Authority and
Reliability: An Analysis and Critique.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1990.

Lindsay, Allan. “The Nurture of Faith in the Teaching of Denominational History.” Research Paper,
Avondale College, 1990.

Blumhofer, Edith and Joel A Carpenter. Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism: A Guide to the Sources. New
York: Garland, 1990.

Shuster, Robert D., James Stambaugh, and Ferne Weimer, eds. Researching Modern Evangelicalism: A
Guide to the Holdings of the Billy Graham Center, with Information on Other Collections. New York:
Greenwood, 1990.

Conference, Midwest Archives. Newsletter of the Midwest Archives Conference. Madison, WI: Midwest
Archives Conference, 1991.

Balmer, Brent. “John Harvey Kellogg and the Seventh-Day Adventist Health Movement.” PhD diss.,
University of Wyoming, 1991.

Mathews, John Harold Hobart. “Towards Understanding Distinctive Seventh-day Adventist

Preaching.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1991.

Mathema, Zacchaeus Abram. “Spiritual Formation: A Program to be Incorporated into the

Theological Education Curriculum at Solusi College, Zimbabwe.” PhD diss., Andrews University,
1991.

Juarez, Armando. “An Evaluation of Edward Heppenstall’s Doctrine of Redemption.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 1991.

Heinz, Daniel. “Church, Sect, and Government Control: A History of Seventh-day Adventists in
Austria, 1890-1975.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1991.

Strand, Kenneth A. “A Note on Two Rare Bibles.” Andrews University Seminary Studies 30, no. 3, 1992.

23
Luna, Luis Miguel. “A Model for Ministry of Church Elders in the Inca Union of Seventh-day
Adventists.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Knott, Ronald A. The Makings of a Philanthropic Fundraiser: The Instructive Example of Milton Murray. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.

American Universities and Colleges. 14th ed. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992.

Velazquez, David. “A Strategy for Lay Involvement in Urban Evangelism and Geographical Advance
in the Territory of the North Mexican Union of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Mexico.”
PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Phillips, Brian Pugh. “A Century of Adventism in Wales 1885–1985: A History of Seventh-day

Adventism in Wales and the Border Counties.” PhD diss., University of South Wales, 1992.

McCormick, Sherman Lindsay. “The Seventh-Day Adventist Adult Sabbath School: Its Purpose as
Described and Perceived.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Myers, Marie Louise. “Historical/Analytical Study of the Contributions of Alma E. McKibbin to the
Seventh-Day Adventist Church School System.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Fisher, Paul Allen. “The Relationship of the Self-Esteem Variable to Specific Christian Doctrines.”
PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Burry, James H. “An Investigation to Determine Ellen White’s Concepts of Revelation, Inspiration,
‘the Spirit of Prophecy,’ and Her Claims about the Origin, Production and Authority of Her
Writings.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Lehtinen, Raimo Jaakko. “An Organizational Model for a Coordinated Program of Music Ministry for
the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in North America and Europe.” PhD diss., Andrews
University, 1992.

Fletcher, Carl. “A Training Program for Lay Evangelists in the Principles of Communication.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 1992.

Banks, Rosa Taylor. Woman’s Place: Seventh Day Adventist Women in Church and Society. Hagerstown, MD:
Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1992.

The Swedish-American Historical Quarterly. Vols. 44-45. Swedish Pioneer Historical Society, 1993.

du Preez, Ronald, Alwyn Gerald. “Polygamy in the Bible with Implications for Seventh-Day Adventist
Missiology.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Heinz, Daniel. Church, State, and Religious Dissent: A History of Seventh-day Adventists in Austria, 1890-1975.
Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1993.

Vertallier, Bruno R. “A Design for Spiritual Formation during the Academic Life of the Adventist
Seminary Students at Collonges-Sous-Salève, France.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

24
Knight, George R. Millennial Fever and the End of the World: A Study of Millerite Adventism. Boise, ID:
Pacific Press, 1993.

Gungadoo, Stenio. “Seventh-Day Adventist Tentmakers: The Key to Evangelizing Restricted-Access

Countries and Unentered Areas.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Riggs, John Delano. “Nurturing Sabbath Observance in the Lawrenceburg and Pulaski, Tennessee,
Seventh-Day Adventist Churches.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Brekus, Catherine Anne. “‘Let Your Women Keep Silence in the Churches’: Female Preaching and
Evangelical Religion in America, 1740-1845.” PhD diss., Yale University, 1993.

Waite, Dennis Edwin. “A Psychoanalytic and Archetypal Examination of Two Seminal Dreams and
Visions of Ellen G. White.” PhD diss., Western Michigan University, 1993.

Scott, William Raymond. “The Booths of Ancient Israel’s Autumn Festival.” PhD diss., Johns
Hopkins University, 1993.

Bilima, Jaspine Dabson Chimphanga. “James Malinki of Malawi: Church Leader in Cross-Cultural
Ministry.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Zvandasara, Nkosiyabo. “Ellen G. White and Gustavo Gutierrez on Christians and Involvement in
Politics: A Comparative Study.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Hartlapp, Johannes. “Military Service: A Comparative Study between the New Testament Teaching
and the Attitude of German Adventists.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Wong, Robert C. K. “A Doctrinal Training Program Adapted to the Current Chinese Setting.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Bujak, Adam Richard. “An Attempt to Increase the Communion Attendance at the Willowdale
Seventh-Day Adventist Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Numbers, Ronald L., and Jonathan M. Butler, eds. The Disappointed: Millerism and Millenarianism in the
Nineteenth Century. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.

Moon, Jerry Allen. “W.C. White and Ellen G. White: The Relationship Between the Prophet and Her
Son.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1993.

Terreros, Marco T. “Death before the Sin of Adam: A Fundamental Concept in Theistic Evolution
and its Implications for Evangelical Theology.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1994.

Perry, Milton Lee. “The Role of the Camp Meeting in Millerite Revivalism, 1842-1844.” PhD diss.,
Baylor University, 1994.

Birai, Absalom N. “Stewardship Practices in Kenya with Proposed Solutions.” Professional

Dissertations DMin, no. 608, Andrews University, 1994.

25
Birai, Absalom N. “Stewardship Practices in Kenya with Proposed Solutions.” DMin diss., Andrews
University, 1994.

Nix, James. Early Advent Singing: A Collection of 52 Early Adventist Hymns with Illustrating Stories.
Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald, 1994.

Bruinsma, Reinder. Seventh-day Adventist Attitudes toward Roman Catholicism, 1844-1965. Berrien Springs,
MI: Andrews University Press, 1994.

Magesa, Israel Mangore. “The Establishment of ASI Chapters in Tanzania.” PhD diss., Andrews
University, 1994.

National Genealogical Society Quarterly. Vol. 82. National Genealogical Society, 1994.

Strand, Kenneth A. “Some Significant Americana: The Saur German Bibles.” Andrews University
Seminary Studies 32, no. 1, 1994.

Shaw, Whitford Aibert. “The Development and Implementation of a Grief Support Group Program
for the Toronto East Seventh-Day Adventist Church Community.” PhD diss., Andrews University,
1994.

Strand, Kenneth A. “The Adventist Heritage Center, and a Tribute to its First Curator.” Andrews
University Seminary Studies 32, no. 1 (1994): 30.

Spectrum: Journal of the Association of Adventist Forums. Roseville, CA: Spectrum, 1994.

Murakami, Yoshio. “Ellen G. White’s Views of the Sabbath in the Historical, Religious, and Social
Context of Nineteenth-Century America.” PhD diss., Drew University, 1994.

Heyndrickx, Jerome, ed. Historiography of the Chinese Catholic Church: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
Belgium: K.U. Leuven, 1994.

Wilson, James Michael. “Enthusiasm and Charismatic Manifestations in Sabbatarian Adventism with
Applications for the Seventh-Day Adventist Church of the Late Twentieth Century.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 1995.

Freed, Allan William. “Arthur Whitefield Spalding: A Study of His Life and Contributions to Family
Life Education in the Seventh-Day Adventist Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1995.

Gundlach, Bradley John. “The Evolution Question at Princeton, 1845-1929.” PhD diss., University
of Rochester, 1995.

Arzt, Noam H. The Business of Higher Education: The American University and its Banking Function. New
York: Garland, 1995.

Timm, Alberto Ronald. “The Sanctuary and the Three Angels’ Messages, 1844-1863: Integrating
Factors in the Development of Seventh-Day Adventist Doctrines.” PhD diss., Andrews University,
1995.

26
Pate, C. Marvin, and Calvin B. Haines. Doomsday Delusions: What’s Wrong with Predictions about the End of
the World. Google Books. Westmont, IL: InterVasity Press, 1995.

Harley, Rachel Brett, and Betty MacDowell. Michigan Women, Firsts and Founders. Michigan Women’s
Studies Association, 1995.

Pohler, Rolf J. “Change in Seventh-Day Adventist Theology: A Study of the Problem of Doctrinal
Development.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1995.

Smith, Roland M. “A Project to Design, Administer, and Analyze an Instrument to Test for Cultural
Awareness of Pastors Working in an Appalachian Conference of the Seventh-Day Adventist
Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1995.

Vyhmeister, Nancy Jean, and Jennifer Kharbteng. “Bibliography of Kenneth A. Strand: Through
1994/Compiled by Nancy J. Vyhmeister and Jennifer Kharbteng.” Andrews University Seminary
Studies 33, no. 2, 1995.

Clark, Harold Willard, and Frank Lewis Marsh. The Early Writings of Harold W. Clark and Frank Lewis
Marsh (Creationism in Twentieth-Century America, Vol 8. New York: Garland, 1995.

Haenni, Viviane Francoise. “The Colton Celebration Church: A Case Study in American Adventist
Worship Renewal, 1986-1991.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1996.

Siqueira, Reinaldo W. “The Presence of the Covenant Motif in Amos 1:2-2:16.” PhD diss., Andrews
University, 1996.

Pedersen, Gunnar. “The Soteriology of Ellen G. White Compared with the Lutheran Formula of
Concord: A Study of the Adventist Doctrine of the Final Judgment of the Saints and Their
Justification before God.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1996.

Conference, Midwest Archives. Midwest Archives Conference Constitution and Bylaws: Membership Directory.
Madison, WI: Midwest Archives Conference, 1996.

Zollman, Franke Jon. “‘Archaeology, the Ancient World, and the Bible’: An Integrated Evangelistic
Approach.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1996.

Brodersen, Martha, Beth Luey, and Book Industry Study Group. A Guide to Book Publishers’ Archives.
Book Industry Study Group, 1996.

Koranteng-Pipim, Samuel. Receiving the Word: How New Approaches to the Bible Impact Our Biblical Faith
and Lifestyle. Berean Books, 1996.

Obas, Etzer. “The Development of a Church-Based Seminar on the Impact of Historicist Eschatology
upon Seventh Day Adventist Marital Life.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1997.

Park, Hee-Joo. “Anti-Creationism in America.” PhD diss., University of Melbourne, 1997.

Roeske, Siegfried H. A. “A Comparative Study of the Sabbath Theologies of A. H. Lewis and J. N.

Andrews.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1997.

27
Dunton, Hugh. Heirs of the Reformation: The Story of Seventh-day Adventists in Europe. Grantham, UK:
Stanborough Press, 1997.

Wind, James P. Places of Worship: Exploring Their History. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1997.

Boice, Martha, Dale Covington, and Richard B. Spence. Maps of the Shaker West: A Journey of Discovery.
Cincinnati, OH: Knot Garden, 1997.

Kemp, Thomas Jay. Virtual Roots: A Guide to Genealogy and Local History on the World Wide Web.
Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1997.

Zaitsev, Eugene V. “Analysis and Evaluation of Vladimir Lossky's Doctrine of Theosis.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 1998.

Simmons, Carlyle C. “A Strategy for Guiding Pastors and Congregations through a Church-Building
Project in Bermuda Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.” DMin diss., Andrews University,
1998.

Abanes, Richard. End-Time Visions: The Road to Armageddon? New York: Four Walls Eight Windows,
1998.

Matyn, Marian J., ed. A Guide to Michigan Archival Resources. Mt Pleasant, MI: Central Michigan
University Press, 1998.

Vance, Ferrell. The Advent Awakening: A Thirty-Five Part Documentary. Unpublished Manuscript, 1998.

Smith, Richard Duane. “Developing Seven Bible Studies Related to The Atonement, Consistent with
A Cosmic-Conflict Paradigm of Salvation History.” DMin, diss., Andrews University, 1998.

Numbers, Ronald L. Darwinism Comes to America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

DePaiva, Ruth D. “Quality of Fathering and its Relationship with Family Background, Demographics,
and Characteristics of Present Family: A Study of Seventh-day Adventist Fathers and Fathers from
a National Sample.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1998.

McElhaney, Jacquelyn Masur. Pauline Periwinkle and Progressive Reform in Dallas. College Station, TX:
Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

Morgan, David. Protestants and Pictures: Religion, Visual Culture, and the Age of American Mass Production.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Yntema, Sharon, and Christine Beard. New Vegetarian Baby. Ithaca, NY: McBooks Press, 1999.

Livingstone, David N., D. G. Hart, and Mark A. Noll, eds. Evangelicals and Science in Historical Perspective.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Anderson, Gerald H., ed. Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans,
1999.

28
Morgan, David. Visual Piety: A History and Theory of Popular Religious Images. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press, 1999.

Davis, Delmer. “Faith and Learning: The Approaches of Three Influential Adventist English
Teachers.” Berrien Springs, MI: 24th International Faith and Learning Seminar, Andrews
University, 1999.

Hall, Enell O. “The Development of a Program for the Retention of New Members in the New
Jerusalem Seventh-Day Adventist Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 1999.

Edwards, Calvin W., and Gary Land. Seeker After Light: A.F. Ballenger, Adventism, and American
Christianity. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 2000.

Standish, Russell R., and Standish, Colin D. The Gathering Storm and the Storm Burst. Rapidan, VA:
Hartland Publications, 2000.

Hutchinson, Malcolm Everett, Jr. “An Assessment of the Perceived Administrative Effectiveness of
Boarding School Principals in the North American Division of the Seventh-Day Adventist
Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 2000.

McGarrell, Shirley Ann. “Differential Perceptions of English Teachers about the Teaching of
Literature in Seventh-Day Adventist Secondary Schools in Selected Regions of the Caribbean.”
PhD diss., Andrews University, 2000.

Mhando, Herry Ndimangwa. “A Strategy for Pastors to Mobilize and Equip Lay Members for
Evangelism in Tanzania.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 2000.

Schwarz, Richard W., and Floyd Greenleaf. Light Bearers: A History of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church.
Nampa, ID: Pacific Press, 2000.

Krol, John. The Hanson Guide to the Internet and Internet Databases. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2000.

Fides Et Historia. Malibu, CA: Conference on Faith and History, 2000.

Brekus, Catherine A. Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845. Chapel Hill, NC:
University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Morgan, David, and Sally M. Promey, eds. The Visual Culture of American Religions. Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 2001.

Ferguson, Charles Rayburn. “Prophetic Preaching to Resistant Audiences: A Call for Change.” PhD
diss., Andrews University, 2001.

Abbott, Ruth Duncan. “A Comparison of the Health Beliefs of Florence Nightingale and Ellen G.
White and the Incorporation of them into their Respective Schools of Nursing.” PhD diss.,
Andrews University, 2001.

Dissertation Abstracts International: The Humanities and Social Sciences. Ann Arbor, MI: University
Microfilms, 2001.

29
Helms, Cynthia Mae, and Judith Nelson. “Information/Reference Desk Procedures Manual.”
Information Services Department, James White Library, Andrews University, 2001.

Fischer, Gayle V. Pantaloons and Power: A Nineteenth-Century Dress Reform in the United States. Kent, OH:
Kent State University Press, 2001.

Tryon, Barry J. “Implementation and Evaluation of a Leadership Mentoring Program in the Hampden
Heights Seventh-Day Adventist Church.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 2001.

Talmage, Sterling B., James Edward Talmage, Joseph Fielding Smith, and John Andreas Widtsoe. Can
Science Be Faith-Promoting? Blue Ribbon Books, 2001.

Marroquin, Medardo Esau. “The Historical Development of the Religion Curriculum at Battle Creek
College, 1874–1901.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 2001.

Morgan, Douglas. Adventism and the American Republic: The Public Involvement of a Major Apocalyptic
Movement. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2001.

Caskey, Robert Larry. “An Examination of the Perceived Need and Recommended Competencies for
a Secondary School Principal Internship Program in the Seventh-Day Adventist Educational
System.” PhD diss., Andrews University, 2002.

Akyiano, Ampofo Benjamin. “Strategies for Evangelizing the Upper-Class People in Ghana.” DMin
diss., 2002.

Whidden, Woodrow W., Jerry Moon, and John W. Reeve. The Trinity: Understanding God’s Love, His Plan
of Salvation, and Christian Relationships. Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald, 2002.

Lindner, Eileen W., ed. Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches, 2002. Nashville, TN: Abingdon
Press, 2002.

Jones-Gray, Meredith. As We Set Forth: Battle Creek College & Emmanuel Missionary College. Berrien
Springs, MI: Andrews University, 2002.

Hartley, William G. Stand by My Servant Joseph: The Story of the Joseph Knight Family and the Restoration. Salt
Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Company, 2002.

Davis, Ivan. “(Inter)Disciplinary Roots: A Study of Influence and Collaboration in the Work of Fred
Newton Scott.” PhD diss., Ball State University, 2002.

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