Construction - 9th - Maths - (Final)

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Foundation - IX Mathematics Construction
CONSTRUCTION
Construction of bisector of a line segment
Ex.1 Draw a line segment PQ of length 8.4 cm. Draw the perpendicular bisector of this line
segment.
Sol. We follow the following steps for constructing the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Steps of Construction
Step I : Draw a line segment PQ = 8.4 cm by using a graduated ruler.
Step II : With P as centre and radius more than half of PQ, draw two arcs, one on each
side of PQ.
Step III : With Q as centre and the same radius as in step II, draw arcs cutting the arcs
drawn in the previous step at L and M respectively.
Step IV : Draw the line segment with L and M as end-points.
The line segment LM is the required perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Construction of the bisector of an given Angle
Ex.2 Using a protractor, draw an angle of measure 78°. With this angle as given, draw an angle
of measure 39°.
Sol. We follow the following steps to draw an angle of 39° from an angle of 78°.
Step I : Draw a ray OA as shown in fig.
Step II : With the help of a protractor construct an angle AOB of measure 78°.
Step III : With centre O and a convenient radius drawn an arc cutting sides OA and OB
at P and Q respectively.
1
Step IV : With centre P and radius more than (PQ), drawn an arc.
2
Step V : With centre Q and the same radius, as in the previous step, draw another arc
intersecting the arc drawn in the previous step at R.
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1
Step VI : Join OR and produce it to form ray OX.

The angle AOX so obtained is the required angle of measure 39°.
Verification : Measure AOX and BOX. You will find that
AOX = BOX = 39°.
Ex.3 Using a protractor, draw an angle of measure 128º. With this angle as given, draw an angle
of measure 96º.
Sol. In order to construct an angle of measure 96º from an angle of measure 128º, we follow
the following steps :
Step I : Draw an angle AOB of measure 128º by using a protractor.
Step II : With centre O and a convenient radius draw an arc cutting OA and OB at P and
Q respectively.
1
Steps III : With centre P and radius more than (PQ), draw an arc.
2
Step IV : With centre Q and the same radius, as in step III, draw another arc intersecting
the previously drawn arc at R.
Steps V : Join OR and produce it to form ray OX. The AOX so obtained is of measure
 128º 
 2  i.e. 64º.
 
Step VI : With centre S (the point where ray OX cuts the arc (PQ) and radius more than
1
(QS), draw an arc.
2
Step VII : With centre Q and the same radius, as in step VI, draw another arc intersecting
the arc drawn in step VI at T.
Step VIII : Join OT and produce it form OY.

1 1
Clearly,XOY = XOB = (64º) = 32º.
2 2
 AOT = AOX + XOY = 64º + 32º = 96º
Then, AOY is the desired angle.
Verification : Measure AOX, XOY and AOY. You will find AOY = 96º.
2
Construction of Some Standard Angles

In this section, we will learn how to construct angles of 60º, 30º, 90º, 45º and 120º with the help
ruler and compasses only.
(I) Construction of an Angle of 60º
In order to construct an angle of 60º with the help of ruler and compasses only, we follow
the following steps :
Step I : Draw a ray OA.
Step II : With centre O and any radius draw an are PQ with the help of compasses, cutting
the ray OA at P.
Step III : With centre P and the same radius draw an arc cutting the arc PQ at R.
Step IV : Join OR and produce it to obtain ray OB.
The angle AOB so obtained is the angle of measure 60º.
Justification : Now, let us see how this method gives us the required angle of 60º. Join
PR.
In OPR, we have
OP = OR = PR [See construction of angles of 60º]
 OPR is an equilateral triangle.
 POR = 60º
 AOB = 60º [  POR = AOB ]
(II) Construction of An Angle of 30º

In order to construct an angle of 30º with the help of ruler and compasses, we follow the
following steps :
Step I : Draw AOB = 60º by using the steps mentioned above.
Step II : With centre O and any convenient radius draw an arc cutting OA and OB at P
and Q respectively.
1
Step III : With centre P and radius more than (PQ), draw an arc in the interior of AOB.
2
Step IV : With centre Q and the same radius, as in step III, draw another arc intersecting
the arc in step III at R.
Step V : Join OR and product it to any point C.
3
Step VI : The angle AOC is the angle of measure 30º.
(III) Construction of An Angle of 90º

In order to construction an angle of measure 90º, we follow the following steps :
Step II : With O as centre and any convenient radius, draw an arc, cutting OA at P.
Step III : With P as centre and the same radius, an arc cutting the arc drawn in step II
at Q.
Step IV : With Q as centre and the same radius as in steps II and III, draw an arc, cutting
the arc drawn in step III at R.
Step V : With Q as centre and the same radius, draw an arc.
Step VI : With R as centre and the same radius, draw an arc, cutting the arc drawn in
step V at B.
Step VII : Draw OB and produce it to C. AOC is the angle of measure 90º.
(IV) Construction of An Angle of 45º

In order to construct an angle of 45º, we follow the following steps :
Step I : Draw AOB = 90º by following the steps given above.
Step II : Draw OC, the bisector of AOB.
The angle AOC so obtained is the required angle of measure 45º.
4
(V) Construction of An Angle of 120º

In order to construct an angle of 120º by using ruler and compasses only, we follow the
following steps :
C
Q
R
120º
O P A
Step II : With O as centre and any convenient radius, draw an arc cutting OA at P.
Step III : With P as centre and the same radius draw an arc, cutting the first arc at Q.
Step IV : With Q as centre and the same radius, draw an arc, cutting the arc drawn in
step II at R.
Step V : Join AR and produce it to any point C. AOC so obtained is the angle of measure
120º
Some Constructions of Triangle

(I) Construction of an equilateral triangle:
Steps of construction
Step I : Draw a ray AX with initial point A.
Step II : With centre A and radius equal to length of a side of the triangle draw an arc BY,
cutting the ray AX at B.
Step III : With centre B and the same radius draw an arc cutting the arc BY at C.
Step IV : Join AC and BC to obtain the required triangle.
Y C
A B X
(II) Construction of A triangle when its base, sum of the other two sides and one base
angle are given
Ex.4 Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 5.8 cm, BC + CA = 8.4 cm and B = 60º.
Sol. In order to construct the ABC we follow the following steps :
X
D
8.4
cm
C
60º
A 5.8cm B
5
Step I : Draw AB = 5.8 cm

Step II : Draw ABX = 60º
Step III : From ray BX, cut off line segment BD = BC + CA = 8.4 cm.
Step IV : Join AD
Step V : Draw the perpendicular bisector of AD meeting BD at C.
Step VI : Join AC to obtain the required triangle ABC.
Ex.5 Construct a triangle ABC, in which BC = 3.8 cm, B = 45º and AB + AC = 6.8 cm.
Sol. In order to construct ABC, we follow the following steps :
X
D
cm A
6 .8
45º
B 3.8 cm C
Step I : Draw BC = 3.8 cm.
Step II : Draw CBX = 45º
Step III : Form ray BX, cut-off line segment BD equal to AB + AC i.e. 6.8 cm.
Step IV : Join CD.
Step V : Draw the perpendicular bisector of CD meeting BD at A.
Step VI : Join CA to obtain the required triangle ABC.
Ex.6 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 5.7 cm, B = 45º, AB – AC = 3 cm.

Sol. To draw the triangle ABC, we follow the following steps :
X
A
D
cm
3 .0
45º
B 5.7cm C
Step I : Draw base BC = 5.7 cm.
Step II : Draw CBX = 45º
6
Step III : From ray BX, cut off line segment BD = 3 cm (= AB – AC).
Step IV : Join CD.
Step V : Draw the perpendicular bisector of CD which cuts BX at A.
Step VI : Join CA to obtain the required triangle ABC.
(III) Construction of a triangle whose base, vertical angle and altitude i.e. length of the
perpendicular from the vertex on base are given
R
A N A´
E
O
B M
C
P Q
Step I : Draw a line segment equal to the base BC (say).
Step II : Below base BC, make an CBP at B equal to the vertical angle of the triangle.
Step III : Draw a line BE  BP at the point B.
Step IV : Draw the right bisector QR of base BC meeting line BE at O and BC at M.
Step V : With O as centre and OB as radius draw a circle.
Step VI : Take a point N on QR such that MN is equal to the altitude of the triangle.
Step VII : Draw a line parallel to BC through point N, intersecting the circle drawn in step
V at A and A.
Step VIII : Join AB, AC and AB, AC to obtain triangles ABC and ABC as the required
triangles.
(IV) Construction of a triangle whose base, vertical angle and the distance of altitude
from the one end of base are given
S
A
E
R
O
B M D C
P Q
7
Step I : Draw a line segment equal to the base BC (say).
Step II : Below base BC, construct an CBP at B equal to the vertical angle of the triangle.
Step III : Draw a line BE  BP at point B.
Step IV : Draw the right bisector QR of base BC meeting line BE at O.
Step V : With O as centre and OB as radius draw a circle.
Step VI : Take a point D on BC such that BD is equal to the distance of altitude from D.
Step VII : From D, draw a line perpendicular to BC meeting the circle at A.
Step VIII : Join AB and AC to obtain the required triangle ABC.
Ex.7 Construct a triangle with BC = 5.6 cm and vertex A such that m BAC = 60º. How many
such triangles are possible ?
Sol.
A
Q E
O
B C
R
P
Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 5.6 cm.
Step II : Below BC, make CBP = BAC = 60º
Step III : Draw BE  BP at the point B.
Step IV : Draw the right bisector QR of BC. Suppose QR meets BE at O.
Step V : With O as centre and OB as radius, draw a circle.
Step VI : Take any point A on the circumference of the circle on the same side on which
O lies.
Step VIII : Join AB and AC.
The triangle so obtained is the required triangle. As we can assume any position on the
arc BAC, so there can be infinitely many such triangles.
8
Ex.8 Construct a ABC in which BC = 7 cm, A = 70º and the foot of the perpendicular D
on BC from A is 4.5 cm away from B.
Sol. Steps of Construction
S
A
E
R
O
B M D C
P Q
Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 7 cm.

Step II : Below BC, construct CBP = 70º with the help of a protractor.
Step III : Draw a line BE  BP at point B.
Step IV : Draw the perpendicular bisector QR of BC intersecting BE at O.
Step VI : Take a point D on BC such that BD = 4.5 cm
Step VII : From D, draw DS  BC meeting the circle at A.
Step VIII : Join AB and AC to obtain the required triangle.
Ex.9 Construct a ABC in which BC = 5 cm, A = 70º and the median through A is of length
3.4 cm. Also, find the length of the altitude drawn from the vertex A on BC.
A A´
R
E
O
M
B
D
C
70º
P Q
Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 5 cm

Step II : Below BC make CBP = 70º
Step III : Draw the right bisector QR of base BC. Suppose it meets BC at D.
Step IV : Draw BE  BP, intersecting the right bisector QR at O.
Step VI : With D as centre and radius, equal to 3.4 cm, draw arcs, cutting the circle at A and A.
Step VIII : Join AB, AC and AB, AC to obtain the required triangle as ABC and A´BC.
The altitude from the vertex A on BC is 3 Cm.
9
Construction of a Tangent to a Circle at a given Point

(I) Construction of a tangent to a circle when its centre is known
T P T´
Step I : Take a point O on the plane of the paper and draw a circle of given radius.
Step II : Take a point P on the circle.
Step III : Join OP.
Step IV : Construct OPT = 90º.
Step V : Produce TP to T to get TPT as the required tangent.
(II) Construction of a tangent to a circle at a given point when its centre is not known
T P Y
Step I : Draw any chord PQ through the given point P on the circle.
Step II : Join P and Q to a point R either in the major arc or in the minor arc.
Step III : Construct QPY equal to PRQ and on the opposite side of the chord PQ.
Step IV : Produce YP to X to get YPX as the required tangent.
10
Ex.10 Take a point O on the plane of the paper. With O as centre draw a circle of radius 3cm.
Take a point P on this circle and draw a tangent at P.
Step I : Take a point O on the plane of the paper and draw a circle of radius 3 cm.
Step II : Take a point P on the circle and join OP.
T
O P
T´
Step III : Construct OPT = 90º
Step IV : Produce TP to T to obtain the required tangent TPT.
Ex.11 Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with centre O. Draw a diameter POQ. Through P or Q draw
tangent to the circle.
Step I : Taking O as centre and radius equal to 4 cm draw a circle.
Step II : Draw diameter POQ.
Step III : Construct PQT = 90º
T
O
P Q
T´
Step IV : Produce TQ to T to obtain the required tangent TQT.
11
Construction of Circumcircle of a Triangle

Circumcircle :
A circle passing through the vertices of a triangle is known as its circumcircle.
A
B C
Step I : Draw the given triangle ABC with the help of given data.
Step II : Draw the perpendicular bisector of any two sides, say AB and AC of the triangle.
Step III : Obtain the point of intersection of the bisectors drawn in step II. Let this point be O.
Step IV : Draw the circle with O as centre and OA or OB or OC as radius.
The circle so obtained is the required circumcircle of ABC.
Ex.12 Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 6cm, AC = 5.5 cm and m B = 60º. Draw the
circumcircle of the ABC. Write the steps of construction.
D
C
S
Q
O
R
A B
P
Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 6 cm
Step II : Construct ABD = 60º at B.
Step III : With centre A and radius AC = 5.5 cm, draw an arc intersecting BD at C.
Step IV : Join AC. Triangle ABC so obtained is the required triangle.
Step V : Draw the right bisectors PQ and RS of AB and BC respectively.
Step VI : Obtain the point of intersection of PQ and RS. Suppose they intersect at O.
Step VII : With O as centre and radius equal to OA = OB = OC, draw the required
circumcircle of ABC.
12
Ex.13 Construct a ABC in which BC = 6 cm, B = 45º and C = 60º. Draw the circumcircle
of ABC.
Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm
Step II : Construct CBD = 45º and BCE = 60º. Suppose BD and CE intersect at a point
A. ABC so obtained is the required triangle.
Step III : Draw right bisectors PQ and RS of BC and CA respectively. Suppose these
bisectors meet at O.
E D
A
S
P
O
R
B C
Q
Step IV : With O as centre and radius equal to OA = OB = OC, draw a circle. The circle
so obtained is the required circumcircle of ABC.
Ex.14 Construct the circumcircle of a triangle whose sides are 5 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm.
C
A B
Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm.

Step II : Taking A as centre and radius AC = 6 cm, draw an arc.
Step III : Taking B as centre and radius BC = 8 cm, draw an arc intersecting the
arc drawn an arc drawn in step II at C.
Step IV : Join AC and BC to obtain the ABC.
Step V : Draw perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC.
Step VI : Obtain the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors drawn in step V.
Let the point be O.
Step VII : Draw the circle with centre O and OA or OB or OC as radius.
13
Construction of Incircle of a Triangle

Incircle :
A circle touching all the sides of triangle is known as its incircle.
Step I : Draw the given triangle, say ABC.
Step II : Draw the bisectors of any two angles, say B, C of the triangle ABC.
Step III : Obtain the point of intersection of the bisectors drawn in step II. Suppose the bisectors
ntersect at a point, say O.
Step IV : Draw perpendicular from O on any side of the triangle, say OD on BC.
A
B D C
Step V : Taking O as centre and OD as radius draw a circle.
The circle so obtained will touch all the sides of the triangle and it will be the required incircle.
Ex.15 Draw an isosceles triangle with sides 6 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm. Construct the incircle of the
triangle. Also, write the steps of construction.
A
D
B C

St ep I I : Taking B as cent re and r adius BA = 6cm, draw an arc. Taking C as the
centre and radius CA = 6 cm, draw an arc intersecting the previous arc at A.
Step III : Join AB and AC to obtain the triangle ABC.
Step IV : Draw the angle bisectors of B and C. Suppose these bisectors meet at O.
Step V : Draw OD  BC, intersecting BC at D.
Step VI : With O as centre and OD as radius draw the required incircle of ABC.
14
Ex.16 Construct a ABC given two sides AB = 4.5 cm, BC = 4.5 cm and m B = 60º, and also
draw its incircle.
Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 4.5 cm
Step II : Construct ABC = 60º
Step III : From B set off BC = 4.5 cm along BD
Step IV : Join AC to obtain ABC
Step V : Draw the angle bisectors AO and BO of A and B respectively to intersect at
O.
Step VI : Draw OF  AB, intersecting AB at F.
D
C
A F B
Step VII : With O as centre and OF as radius draw the required incircle of ABC.
Ex.17 Draw a right angled triangle ABC with AB = 4.5 cm, AC = 7.5 cm and B = 90º.
Construct its incircle. Write the steps of construction.
Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 4.5 cm.
Step II : Construct ABD = 90º
Step III : With centre A and radius AC = 7.5cm, draw an arc intersecting BD at C.
Step IV : Join AC to obtain the triangle ABC.
Step V : Draw the angle bisectors of A and B. Suppose these bisectors meet at O.
Step VI : Draw OE  BC, intersecting BC at E.
D
C
E
A B
Step VII : With O as centre and OE as radius draw the required incircle of ABC.
15
Construction of Tangent to a Circle from an external Point
Type I : Construction of tangents to a circle from an external point when its centre is
known
Steps of construction
Step I : Join the centre O of the circle to the given external point P i.e. join OP.
Step II : Draw right bisector of OP, intersecting OP at Q.
Step III : Taking Q as centre and OQ = PQ as radius, draw a circle to intersect the given circle
at T and T´.
Step IV : Join PT and PT´ to get the required tangents as PT and PT´.
Ex.19 Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. Take a point at a distance of 5.5 cm from the centre of the
circle. From point P, draw two tangents to the circle.
Step I : Take a point O in the plane of the paper and draw a circle of radius 3 cm.
Step II : Mark a point P at a distance of 5.5 cm from the centre O and join OP.
Step III : Draw the right bisector of OP, intersecting OP at Q.
Step IV : Taking Q as centre and OQ = PQ as radius, draw a circle to intersect the given
circle at T and T´.
Step V : Join PT and PT´ to get the required tangents.
16
Ex.20 Construct a tangent to a circle of radius 4 cm from a point on the concentric circle of
radius 6 cm and measure its length. Also verify the measurement by actual calculation.
Sol. In order to do the desired construction,
we follow the following steps:
Step I : Take a point O on the plane of the paper and draw a circle of radius OA = 4 cm.
Also, draw a concentric circle of radius OB = 6 cm.
Step II : Find the mid-point C of OB and draw a circle of radius OC = BC. Suppose this
circle intersects the circle of radius 4 cm at P and Q.
Step III : Join BP and BQ to get the desired tangents from a point B on the circle of radius
6 cm.
By actual measurement, we find the
BP = BQ = 4.5 cm
Justification: In BPO, we have
OB = 6 cm and OP = 4 cm
 OB2 = BP2 + OP2 [Using Pythagoras theorem]
 BP = OB 2  OP 2
 BP = 36  16  20 cm = 4.47 cm ~
 4.5cm
Similarly, BQ = 4.47cm ~
 4.5 cm
Ex.21 Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 5 cm which are inclined to each other an angle
of 60º.
Sol. In order to draw the pair of tangents, we follow the following steps.
Step I : Take a point O on the plane of the paper and draw a circle of radius OA = 5 cm.
Step II : Produce OA to B such that OA = AB = 5 cm.
Step III : Taking A as the centre draw a circle of radius AO = AB = 5 cm. Suppose it
cuts the circle drawn in step I at P and Q.
Step IV : Join BP and BQ to get the desired tangents.
17
Justification: In OAP, we have

OA = OP = 5 cm (= Radius) Also,
AP = 5 cm (= Radius of circle with centre A)
 OAP is equilateral.
 PAO = 60º
 BAP = 120º
In BAP, we have
BA = AP and BAP = 120º
 ABP = APB = 30º
 PBQ = 60º
Ex.22 Let ABC be a right triangle in which AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm and B = 90º. BD is the
perpendicular from B on AC. The circle through B, C, D is drawn. Construct the tangent
from A to this circle.
Sol. We follow the following steps.
Step I : Draw ABC and perpendicular BD from B on AC.
Step II : Draw a circle with BC as a diameter. This circle will pass through D.
Step III : Let O be the mid-point of BC. Join AO.
Step IV : Draw a circle with AO as diameter. This circle cuts the circle drawn in step II
at B and P.
Step V : Join AP and AB are desired tangent drawn from A to the circle passing through
B, C and D
18
Ex.23 Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. Draw a pair of tangents to this circle, which are inclined to
each other at an angle of 60º.
Sol. Steps of construction
Step I : Draw a circle with O as centre and radius = 3 cm.
Step II : Draw any diameter AOB of this circle.
Step III : Construct BOC = 60º such that radius OC meets the circle at C.
Step IV : Draw AM  AB and CN OC.
Let AM and CN intersect each other at P.
Then, PA and PC are the desired tangents to the given circle, inclined at an angle of 60º
Proof : AOC = (180º – 60º) = 120º

In quad. OAPC, we have
OAP = 90º, AOC = 120º, OCP = 90º.
 APC = [360º – (90º + 120º + 90º)] = 60º.
Type II : Construction of tangents to a circle from an external point when its centre is not
known
Let P be the external point from where the tangents are to be drawn to the given circle.
Step I : Through P draw a secant PAB to intersect the circle at A and B (say).
Step II : Produce AP to a point C such that AP = PC i.e. P is the mid-point of AC.
Step III : Draw a semi-circle with BC as diameter.
Step IV : Draw PD  CB, intersecting the semi-circle at D.
Step V : With P as centre and PD as radius draw arcs to intersect the given circle at T and T´.
Step VI : Join PT and PT´. Then PT and PT´ are the required tangents.
19
Ex.24 Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. Take a point P outside the circle. Without using the centre
of the circle, draw two tangents to the circle from point P.
D
T
B
C P
A
T´
Step I : Draw a circle of radius 4 cm

Step II : Take a point P outside the circle and draw a secant PAB, intersecting the circle
at A and B.
Step III : Produce AP to C such that AP = CP.
Step IV : Draw a semi-circle with CB as diameter.
Step V : Draw PD  CB, intersecting the semicircle at D.
Step VI : With P as centre and PD as radius draw arcs to intersect the given circle at T
and T´.
Step VII : Join PT and PT´. Then PT and PT are the required tangents.
Construction of Similar Figures
Scale factor The ratio of the corresponding sides to two similar figures is called the scale factor.
For example:
Scale factor 2/3 means that the sides of one figure are two-third of the corresponding
sides of the other figure.
Type I : On construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle as per given scale factor.
Let ABC be the given triangle and we want to construct a triangle similar to ABC such that
each of its sides is (m/n)th of the corresponding sides of ABC. The following stepwise procedure
is used to construct the desired triangle.
Step I : Construct the given triangle ABC by using the given data.
Step II : Take any one of the three sides of the given triangle and consider it as the base Let AB
be the base of the given triangle.
Step III : At one end, say A, of base AB construct an acute angle BAX below base AB.
Step IV : Along AX, mark off n points A1, A2, .....An such that AA1 = A1A2 = ... = An–1An.
Step V : Join AnB.
Step VI : Start from A and reach to point Am. From Am, draw AmB´ || An B, meeting AB at B´.
Step VII : From B´, draw BĆ´ || CB meeting AC at C´.
Triangle ABĆ´ is the required triangle, each of whose sides is (m/n)th of the corresponding sides
of ABC.
20
Ex.25 Construct a ABC in which AB = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm. Now, construct a

triangle similar to ABC such that each of its sides is two-third of the corresponding sides
of ABC. Also, prove your assertion.
Step II : With A as centre and radius = AC = 6 cm, draw an arc.
Step III : With B as centre and radius = BC = 5 cm, draw another arc, intersecting the
arc drawn in step II at C.
Step IV : Join AC and BC to obtain ABC.
Step V : Below AB, make an acute angle BAX.
Step VI : Along AX, mark off three points (greater of 2 and 3 in 2/3) A1, A2, A3 such that
AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3.
Step VII : Join A3B.
Step VIII : Since we have to construct a triangle each of whose sides is two-third of the
corresponding sides of ABC. So, take two parts out of three equal parts on AX i.e. from
point A2, draw
A2B' || A3B, meeting AB at B'.
Step IX : From B', draw B'C' || BC, meeting AC at C'.

AB'C' is the required triangle, each of the whose sides is two-third of the corresponding
sides of ABC.
Justification : Since B'C' || BC.
So, ABC ~ AB'C'
B'C' AC' AB' 2  AB' 2 

BC
  
AC AB 3  AB  3 
 
Let ABC be the given triangle and we want to construct a triangle similar to ABC such
th
m
that each of its sides is   of the correspoinding sides of ABC such that m < n. We
n
follow the following steps to construct the same.
Steps of construction when m > n.
21
Step I : construct the given triangle by using the given data.

Step II : Take any of the three sides of the given triangle and consider it as the base. Let
AB be the base of the given triangle.
Step III : At one end, say A, of base AB construct an acute angle BAX below base AB
i.e. on the opposite side of the vertex C.
Step IV : Along AX, mark-off m (large of m and n) points A1, A2,...,Am on AX such that
AA1 = A1A2 =...= Am–1Am.
Step V : Join An to B and draw a line through Am Parallel to AnB, intersecting the extended
line segment AB at B'.
Step VI : Draw a line through B' parallel to BC intersecting the extended line segment
AC at C'.
Step VII : AB'C' so obtained is the required triangle.
Justification : For justification of the above construction consider triangles ABC and AB'C'.
In these two triangles, we have
BAC = B'AC'
ABC = AB'C' [ B'C' || BC]
So, by AA similarity criterion, we have
ABC ~ AB'C'
AB BC AC
   ....(I)
AB' B'C' AC'
In  A Am B', AnB || Am B'.
AB AA n
 
BB ' A n A m
BB ' A n A m
 
AB AA n
BB ' m  n
 
AB n
AB' AB m  n
 
AB n
22
AB' mn
 – 1 =
AB n
AB ' m
  ....(II)
AB n
From (I) and (II), we have
AB' B'C' AC' m
  
AB BC AC n
Ex.26 Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 7 cm, B = 45º, A = 105º. Then construct a triangle
whose sides are (4/3) times the corresponding sides of ABC.
Sol. In order to construct ABC, we follow the following steps:
Step I : Draw BC = 7 cm.
Step II : At B construct CBX = 45º and at C construct

BCY = 180º – (45º – 105º) = 30º
Suppose BX and CY intersect at A. ABC so obtained is the given triangle. To construct
a triangle similar to ABC,
we follow the following steps.
Step I : Construct an acute angle CBZ at B on opposite side of vertex A of ABC.
Step II : Mark-off four (greater 4 and 3 in 4/3) points
B1, B2, B3, B4 on BZ such that
BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
Step III : Join B3 (the third point) to C and draw a line through B4 parallel to B3C,
intersecting the extended line segment BC at C'.
Step IV : Draw a line through C' parallel to CA intersecting the extended line segment BA
at A'.
Triangle A'BC' so obtained is the required triangle such that

A 'B BC' A 'C' 4
  
AB BC AC 3
23
Ex.27 Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle ABC such that each of its sides is (6/7)th
of the corresponding sides of ABC. It is given that AB = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm and
BC = 7 cm.
Step II : With B as centre and radius = AB = 5 cm, draw an arc.
Step III : With C as centre and radius = AC = 6 cm, draw another arc, intersecting the
arc drawn in step II at A.
A
A´
B C
B1 C´
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
Step IV : Join AB and AC to obtain the triangle ABC.
Step V : Below base BC, construct an acute angle CBX.
Step VI : Along BX, mark off seven points B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 such that
BB1 = B1B2 = ...... = B6B7.
Step VII : Join B7C.
Step VIII : Since we have to construct a triangle each of whose sides is (6/7)th of the
corresponding sides of ABC. So take 6 parts out of 7 equal parts on BX i.e. from B6,
Draw B6C´ || B7C, intersecting BC at C´.
Step IX : From C´, draw CÁ´ || CA, meeting BA at A´. A´BC´ is the required triangle
each of whose sides is (6/7)th of the corresponding sides of ABC.
24
Type II : Construction of A quadrilateral similar to a given quadrilateral such that one
diagonal of the another quadrilateral is along one diagonal of the given quadrilateral and
is of given length.
Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral, and let the diagonal of the new quadrilateral be along BD.
Then, we use the following steps to construct a quadrilateral similar to the given quadrilateral
ABCD.
Step I : Mark a point D´ on BD or BD produced as the case may be such that BD´ equal to the
diagonal of the given quadrilateral.
Step II : From D´ draw line segments parallel to the sides BC and BA intersecting them at C´
and A´ respectively.
Step III : Join C´D´ and A´D´ to obtain the required quadrilateral A´BC´D´.
Ex.28 Construct a quadrilateral ABCD with AB = 3 cm, AD = 2.7 cm, DB = 3.6 cm, B = 110º and
BC = 4.2 cm. Construct another quadrilateral A´BC´D´ similar to quadrilateral ABCD so
that diagonal BD´ = 4.8 cm.
X
C´
D´ C
D
110º
A´ A B
Step II : Construct ABX = 110º at B.
Step III : With B as centre and radius = BC = 4.2 cm, draw an arc intersecting BX at C.
Step IV : With B as centre and radius BD = 3.6 cm, draw an arc.
Step V : With A as centre and radius AD = 2.7 cm, draw another arc, cutting the previous
arc at D.
Step VI : Join AD and CD to obtain the quadrilateral ABCD.
Step VII : Produce BD to D´ so that BD´ = 4.8cm.
Step VIII : From D´ draw DĆ´ || DC
Step IX : From D´, draw DÁ´ || DA and extend BA to BA´.
The quadrilateral A´BC´D´ is the required quadrilateral.
25
Ex.29 Construct a quadrilateral PQRS such that PQ = 4.5 cm, PS = 4 cm, SQ = 5.4 cm,
QR = 6.3 cm, Q = 110º. Construct another quadrilateral P´QR´S´ similar to quadrilateral

PQRS so that diagonal S´Q = 7.2 cm.
Step I : Draw line segment PQ = 4.5 cm
Step II : Construct PQX = 110º
Step III : With Q as centre and radius = QR = 6.3 cm draw an arc, intersecting QX at
R.
Step IV : With Q as centre and radius = SQ = 5.4 cm draw an arc.

X
R´
S´ R
S
110º
P´ P Q
Step V : With P as centre and radius = PS = 4 cm draw another arc, intersecting the
previous arc at S.
Step VI : Join PS and QS to obtain the quadrilateral PQRS.
Step VII : Produce QS to S´ such that QS´ = 7.2 cm.
Step VIII : From S´, draw S´R´ || SR
Step IX : From S´, draw S´P´ || SP and extend QP to QP´.

The quadrilateral P´QR´S´ is the required quadrilateral.
26
Tpye III : Construction of a quadrilateral similar to a given quadrilateral with its sides
(m/n)th of the corresponding sides of a given quadrilateral ABCD.

Step I : Draw the given quadrilateral ABCD.
Step II : Join diagonal AC.
Step III : Below AC, make an acute angle CAX.

Step IV : Mark off n-points A1, A2, ...., An – 1, An such that AA1 = A1A2 = ... = An – 1An
Step V : Join AnC

Step VI : Since we have to construct a quadrilateral similar to the quadrilateral ABCD. So, take
m equal parts out of n equal parts and draw AmC´ parallel to AnC, meeting AC at C´.
Step VII : From C´, draw C´D´ || CD and C´B´ || CB, meeting AD and AB at D´ and B´ respectively.
The quadrilateral ABĆ´D´ so obtained is the required quadrilateral, each of whose sides is
(m/n)th of the corresponding sides of quadrilateral ABCD.
Ex.30 Construct a quadrilateral similar to a given quadrilateral ABCD with its sides (4/5)th of the
corresponding sides of ABCD. Also, write the steps of construction.
C
X
D C´
A5
D´ A4
A3
A2
A1
A B´ B
Step I : Construct a quadrilateral arbitrarily.
Step II : Join AC.
Step III : Below AC, make an acute angle CAX.
Step IV : Along AX, mark off points A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, on AX such that
AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = A3A4 = A4A5.
Step V : Join A5C.
Step VI : Draw A4C´ || A5C, meeting AC at C´.
Step VII : From C´, draw C´D´ || CD and C´B´ || CB, intersecting AD and AB at D´ and
B´ respectively.
The quadrilateral ABĆ´D´ so obtained is the required quadrilateral, each of whose sides
is (4/5)th of the corresponding sides of quadrilateral ABCD.
27
Ex.31 Construct a quadrilateral ABCD with AB = 5.5 cm, AD = 3.5 cm, BD = 4.4 cm, B = 130º
and BC = 4 cm. Construct a quadrilateral with its sides (4/7)th of the corresponding sides
of ABCD.
Sol. Step of Construction
X
D C
D´ C´
A5
A2 A6 A7
Y
A3 A 4
A A1 B´ B
Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 5.5 cm
Step II : Construct ABX = 130º.
Step III : With B as centre and radius = BC = 4 cm, draw an arc cutting BX at C.
Step IV : With B as centre and radius = BD = 4.4 cm, draw an arc.
Step V : With A as centre and radius = AD = 3.5 cm, draw another arc, intersecting the
previous arc at D.
Step VI : Join CB and CD to obtain the quadrilateral ABCD.
Step VII : Join AC.
Step VIII : Below AC, make an acute angle CAY.
Step IX : Along AY, mark off 7 points A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7 such that
AA1 = A1A2 = ... = A6A7.
Step X : Join A7C.
Step XI : Since we have to construct a quadrilateral with its sides (4/7)th of the
corresponding sides. So, take A4 C´ || A7C, meeting AC at C´.
Step XII : From C´, draw C´D´ || CD and C´B´ || CB, intersecting AD and AB at D´ and
B´ respectively.
The quadrilateral ABĆ´D´ so obtained is the required quadrilateral, each of whose sides
is (4/7)th of the corresponding sides of the given quadrilateral ABCD.
Type IV : On construction of a polygon similar to a given polygon with one side of the new
polygon being given.
28
Ex.32 Draw any pentagon (regular or irregular) ABCDE with AB = 6 cm, Construct a pentagon
ABĆ´DÉ´ similar to the given pentagon, where AB´ = 4 cm.
D
C
D´
E C´
E´
A B´ B
Step I : Draw a pentagon ABCDE with AB = 6cm.

Step II : Join AC and AD.
Step III : Mark a point B´ on AB such that AB´ = 4 cm.
Step IV : From B´, draw BĆ´ || BC meeting AC at C´.
Step V : From C´, draw C´D´ || CD, meeting AD at D´.
Step VI : From D´, draw DÉ´ || DE, meeting AE at E´.
The pentagon ABĆ´DÉ´ so formed is the required pentagon.
Ex.33 Construct a ABC in which AB = 4 cm, B = 60º and altitude CL = 3 cm. Construct A
ADE similar to ABC such that each side of ADE is 3/2 times that of the corresponding
side of ABC.
Step II : Construct ABP = 60º.
Step III : Draw a line GH || AB at a distance of 3 cm, intersecting BP at C.

Step IV : Join CA.
Thus, ABC is obtained.
3 
Step V : Extend AB to D such that AD = 3/2 AB =   4  cm = 6 cm.
2 
Step VI : Draw DE || BC, cutting AC produced at E.
Then ADE is the required triangle similar to ABC such that each side of ADE is 3/2
times the corresponding side of ABC.
29
Proof : Since DE || BC, we have ADE ~ ABC.

AD DE AE 3
   
AB BC AC 2
30
EXERCISE - I
Very Short Answer Type Questions.
1. Construct an angle whose measure is 30°.
2. Construct the angle bisector of A.
3. Draw a line segment of length 6.4 cm and construct its perpendicular bisector.
4. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 7cm, BC + CA = 9 cm and A = 45º.
Short Answer Type Questions.
5. Construct a ABC in which BC = 5 cm, C = 60º, AC – AB = 1.5 cm.
6. Construct a ABC whose perimeter = 10 cm, B = 30º and C = 60º
7. Construct a ABC in which AB = 6m, BC = 6 cm and median AD = 4 cm.
8. Construct an equilateral triangle if its altitude is 3.2 cm.
9. Construct a ABC in which B = 45º, altitude from A on BC is 3.5 cm and the median
bisecting AB is 5.5 cm.
10. Construct a ABC in which BC = 5.5 cm and the length of the perpendicular from B and
C on the opposite sides are 4.5 cm and 3.5 cm respectively.
31
EXERCISE - II
Long answer type.
11. Three sides of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and its perimter is 13.5 cm.
Construct the triangle using rular and compasses only and measure the length of
sides of the triangle.
12. Given a quadrlateral ABCD in which AB = 6.3 cm, BC = 5.2 cm, CD = 5.6 cm, DA = 7.1
cm and B = 60º. Construct a triangle equal in area to this quadrilateral.
13. Construct a triangle ABC with BC = 6 cm such that BAC = 60º.
14. Using ruler and compass only, construct a ABC in which BC = 6.2 cm, A = 60º and the
altitude through A is 2.6 cm.
15. Using ruler and compasses only, construct a ABC having base = 5 cm, vertical angle = 45º
and altitude through A is 4 cm.
16. Construct a ABC with AB = 4.4 cm, ACB = 65º and the median through the vertex
C is of length 3.2 cm. Also, find the length of the altitude drawn from vertex C on AB.
17. Construct a triangle similar to a given ABC such that each of its sides is (5/7)th of the
corresponding sides of ABC. It is given that AB = 5 cm, BC = 7 cm and ABC = 50º
18. Construct a triangle simialr to a given ABC such that each of its sides is (2/3)rd of the
corresponding sides of ABC. It is given that BC = 6 cm, B = 50º and C = 60º
19. Draw a ABC in which BC = 6 cm, AB = 4cm and AC = 5 cm. Draw a triangle similar to
ABC with its sides equal to (3/4)th of the corresponding sides of ABC.
20. Draw a right triangle ABC in which AC = AB = 4.5 cm and A = 90º. Draw a triangle similar
to ABC with its sides equal to (5/4)th of the corresponding sides of ABC.
21. Construct a triangle similar to ABC in which AB = 4.6 cm, BC = 5.1 cm, A = 60º with
scale factor 4 : 5.
22. Construct a triangle similar to a given XYZ with its sides equal to (3/4)th of the
corresponding sides of XYZ. Write the steps of construction.
23. Construct a quadrilateral similar to a given quadrilateral ABCD with its sides (5/7)th of the
corresponding sides of ABCD.
32
24. Construct a triangle whose sides are 4.5 cm, 5.2 cm and 7.1 cm. Construct its circumcircle.
Find the measurement of its radius. Also, write the steps of construction.
25. Draw a triangle whose sides are 4.5 cm, 5.5 cm and 6.5 cm long and also inscribe a circle
to it. Find by measurement the radius of the circle drawn. Write steps of construction.
26. Construct a ABC in which BC = 7 cm, B = 60º and C = 75º. Draw a circle through
the vertices of ABC.
27. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6 cm, B = 60º and CA = 6 cm. Draw a circle
touching the sides of the triangle.
33
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Construction - 9th - Maths - (Final)

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The line segment LM is the required perpendicular bisector of PQ.

Construction of the bisector of an given Angle

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Step VI : Join OR and produce it to form ray OX.

Step VIII : Join OT and produce it form OY.

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Construction of Some Standard Angles

(II) Construction of An Angle of 30º

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Step VI : The angle AOC is the angle of measure 30º.

(III) Construction of An Angle of 90º

(IV) Construction of An Angle of 45º

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(V) Construction of An Angle of 120º

Some Constructions of Triangle

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Step I : Draw AB = 5.8 cm

Ex.6 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 5.7 cm, B = 45º, AB – AC = 3 cm.

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Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 7 cm.

Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 5 cm

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Construction of a Tangent to a Circle at a given Point

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Construction of Circumcircle of a Triangle

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Step I : Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm.

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Construction of Incircle of a Triangle

Step I : Draw a line segment BC = 4 cm.

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Construction of Tangent to a Circle from an external Point

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Justification: In OAP, we have

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Proof : AOC = (180º – 60º) = 120º

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Step I : Draw a circle of radius 4 cm

Construction of Similar Figures

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Ex.25 Construct a ABC in which AB = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm. Now, construct a

Step IX : From B', draw B'C' || BC, meeting AC at C'.

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Step I : construct the given triangle by using the given data.

Step VII : AB'C' so obtained is the required triangle.

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Step I : Draw BC = 7 cm.

Step II : At B construct CBX = 45º and at C construct

Step I : Construct an acute angle CBZ at B on opposite side of vertex A of ABC.

Step II : Mark-off four (greater 4 and 3 in 4/3) points

B1, B2, B3, B4 on BZ such that

BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.

Triangle A'BC' so obtained is the required triangle such that

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Sol. Steps of Construction