INTRODUCTION

1.1.1.2. Horizontal Mixed-Use

1.1. MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
• Consist of range of land uses in single
development project.
Mixed-use development is characterized as pedestrian
• Provides variety of complementary and integrated
friendly development that blends two or more
uses that are walkable and within given
residential, commercial, cultural, institutional or industrial
neighborhood, tract or land or development
uses. Mixed-use development is one of the best principles
project.
for smart growth.
1.1.1.3. Mixed-Use Walkable areas
Mixed-use development is characterized as one that
• Combines both horizontal and
• Create a walkable community with uninterrupted vertical uses in area, within
pedestrian connection.
approximately 10 minutes walking
• Provides three or more revenue producing uses such distance to core activities.
as retail, commercial, office, residential, hotel or
recreational area.
Indian cities have a strong tradition of mixed-use patterns.
The workplace in the next room, the shop next door and
the community square around the corner have been a way
of life, well-articulated in the morphology of traditional
settlements. This variety of uses allow people to live,
work, play and shop in one place.

1.1.1. MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT TYPOLOGY

1.1.1.1. Vertical Mixed-Use FIG.1: Horizontal Mixed-use FIG.2: Vertical Mixed-use

Source: Google Images Source: Google Images
• Combo of different users within the same
building.
• Generally, the lower floor would be utilized by a 1.1.2. BENEFITS OF MIXED-USE
commercial user with residential use located • Reduced distances between housing, workplaces,
above. retail, other amenities and destinations.
• More compact development.

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• A social fabric. to walk and use public transportation over personal

• Pedestrian friendly 24*7 feel. modes of transport.
• Stronger neighborhood character, sense of place.
• Traditional Neighborhood
• Walk-able, bike-able neighborhoods, increased
Development (TND): - It
accessibility via transit, both resulting in reduced
refers to the development of a
transportation costs.
complete neighborhood or
town using traditional town
1.1.3. DIFFERENT TERMS planning principles. It
There are different terms which emphasizes mainly for the
are usually misinterpret as mixed development of housings.
land use development.
• Central Business District FIG.5: TND
(CBD): - It is the commercial Source: Google Images
1.2. PROJECT BRIEF
and business centre of a city,
often referred to as the
1.2.1. ABOUT THE PROJECT
‘financial district’. It FIG.3: CBD The project is aimed at developing a mixed-use
includes Office towers, Source: Google Images
development in the city of Mohali which will catalyze and
malls and stores, etc. support its future growth as well as fulfills the demand of
its existing population.
• Transit Oriented The site is located along the major commercial belts
Development (TOD): - running through the sectors of CHANDIGARH and
It is essentially any MOHALI like 9,17,22,35,43,64,70.
development, micro or
macro, which is focused • Location – Sector-62, Mohali.
around a transit node, • Site Area – 17.15 acres
and facilitates complete • Project Promotor – SAS Nagar Local Planning Area,
ease of access to the Greater Mohali Region, Punjab (India).
transit facility, thereby
inducing people to prefer
FIG.4: TOD
Source: Google Images
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1.2.2. VALIDITY OF THE PROJECT Mohali was proposed for CBD (Central Business
• Central District), but due to lack of interests of
Business promotors/developers for such a big project, the site
District is was divided into small chunks by GMADA that was
proposed in further zoned out as Mixed-use, commercial area,
Sector-62 of hotel, etc. from which the site specified in fig has
SAS Nagar as been proposed for mixed land use.
per Master
Plan report of
SAS Nagar Site
Local proposed for
Planning Mixed land
Area. use.

FIG.7: Proposed Site

Source: Author

1.2.3. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

• It lies close to the finest international cricket stadium
in India. The stadium is the main centre of attraction
of the city. If a commercial area is developed close to
FIG.6: A cutting from Master
plan report of SAS Nagar. stadium, it will help in the urban growth of the city.
• Mohali lacks in commercial area in its vicinity, so this
• At first according to MASTER PLAN REPORT project will act as a commercial as well as economical
2006-2031, hundreds of acres of land in Sector-62, hub for Mohali.

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• In addition, Chandigarh has a number of tourist • Sustainable development….

attraction. The area chosen for the Mixed-use Development that meets the needs of the present
development, ideally located in the Central business without compromising the ability of future
district enjoys linkages to Chandigarh. So, generations to meet their own needs.
incorporation of a city center in Mohali is a valid
choice.
• Also, problems like increasing road traffic day by day,
unsafe pedestrian movement are increasing rapidly
with the increasing population growth with which
their urban demands are also increasing. To cater their
urban demands there is a need of planned urban cores
for accommodating commercial as well as
administrative establishment along with the cultural FIG.9: Sustainability
Source: Google Images
and recreational centers in a cohesive manner.
• Why Compact urban form is sustainable?
1.3. AIM This form would produce fewer emissions as they
tend to offer better access to public transit (for
example- E-buses, etc.), cycling and walking
❖ The development of a hub in a compact urban form with
paths, have greater energy efficiency and allow for
a variety of complementary and integrated uses, such as
more green spaces.
commercial, cultural and social activities which will allow
a mix of living, work and leisure environments.
❖ A regenerative mixed-use design paradigm that
• Compact Urban Form…. amalgamates the principles of biomimicry with the
An urban layout of short distances which encourages design philosophies, thus giving rise to a micro -
walking and cycling, low energy consumption and ecopolis.
reduced pollution. It leads to Sustainable urban
• Micro-ecopolis….
development.
A small development which includes the greening of
the place by recycling whatever is possible and
cutting car use to a minimum as well as developing
energy efficient buildings.
FIG.8: Compact Urban
form (Google Images)
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1.4. OBJECTIVES ▪ Departmental stores

• Multiplex
❖ The design in which the quality of public realm is vital to • Library
create an environment where people want to visit, work • Exhibition center/ Museum
and live. • Club house – Spa, Pool, Gym, etc.
❖ The buildings will engage with surrounding context of • Local Market
urban pattern. • Restaurants
❖ To facilitate linkages among uses (offices, retail and • Open spaces – OAT, Heritage Plaza
recreational uses) through the use of pedestrian, bicycle • Landscaping areas
and vehicular roads on periphery.
❖ To provide more open public spaces and landscape 1.6. THRUST AREA
connections between the buildings.
❖ Combining both horizontal and vertical mix of uses.
❖ The material used would be eco-friendly which will
1.6.1. BIOMIMICRY ARCHITECTURE
maintain internal comfort level and can be reused. For • Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks
example: - Steel frames, Plant-based polyurethane rigid sustainable solutions to human challenges by
foam, etc. emulating nature’s time-tested patterns and
strategies.
1.5. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT • In a built environment, Biomimicry sought to
replicate nature’s processes to achieve a sustainable
design.
Scope of the Project is limited to site planning detailing ▪ Function-based Biomimicry
along with architectural detailing of some building • Biomimicry is often used to seek sustainable
modules. The project will have following functional measures by
components: - understanding the
• Office towers (commercial) principles
• SCO’s – Shops cum Offices governing the form
• Retail shops: - rather than
▪ Formal shops replicating the
▪ Informal shops mere form itself.
FIG.10: Eastgate building, Zimbabwe built on
the concept of mounds of termites.
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1.7. DESIGN METHODOLOGY 1.8. SITE SELECTION

Design methods are procedures, techniques and tools for
designing.
• Site is located in SECTOR-62, SAHIBZADA AJIT
SINGH NAGAR; it will cater the needs of industrial area
of city which is yet under development.
• There is a great demand of mixed-use development in the
area due to its benefits or advantages such as pedestrian
friendly development. Therefore, it will decrease the
demand of private transport. Thus, it will directly have
positive effect on the environment.
• Secondly, for the staff working in offices will have basic
amenities from retail shops, grocery store to ATM and
restaurants and thus, it will save time of people working
there.

MOHALI MASTER PLAN

SHOWING SECTOR-62

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LITERATURE
STUDY

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2.1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
❖ An early example of a mixed-use community
Throughout human history, the majority of human
settlements developed as mixed-use environments.
People lived in close proximity to their work.
Walking was the primary way that people and goods
were moved about, sometimes assisted by animals such
as horses or cattle.
Most people dwelt in buildings that were places of
work as well as domestic life, and made things or sold
things from their own homes. Increase in population
and civilization led to the creation of markets and
market towns. Most buildings were not divided into
discrete, functions on a room-by-room basis.
FIG.12: A fisherman’s residence indicating
relationship between residence and work.
9
❖ The decline of mixed-use living and the emergence
of zoning
This historical mixed-used pattern of development
declined during industrialization in favor of large-
scale early capitalist-style manufacturing in single-
function buildings. This period saw massive migration
of people from rural areas to cities drawn by work
in factories and the associated businesses that grew up
around them. These migrant workers needed to be
accommodated and many new urban districts arose at
this time with domestic housing being their primary
function. This led to the creation of land use with
specific areas being assigned to specific activities,
zones were separated which leads to the decline of
mixed-use living.
❖ The return of mixed-use development as an urban
design concept
Due to the rapid increase in population and
urbanization patterns in most town and cities during
the 20th century. The population and urbanization
growth rate were more than the rate of infrastructural
development. This led to severe urban issues such as
vehicular and human congestion, urban sprawl, slums,
pollution and pressure on the available infrastructure
and services.
In order to alleviate these urban issues and their
associated problems, people started looking for
employment close to where they live. Also, large
residential neighborhoods served as a source of market
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for commercial activities. Hence, residential activity • OFFICE/RESIDENTIAL:

gravitated towards commercial activity and vice-versa. Multi-family residential units within office building(s).
• SHOPPING MALL CONVERSION:
Also, the advent of information and telecommunication Residential and/or office units added (adjacent) to an existing
technology made it possible for people to live and standalone shopping mall.
work from the same location. The mixed-use building • RETAIL DISTRICT RETROFIT:INT
type is not only aggressively reappearing in our cities Retrofitting of a suburban retail area to a more village-like
throughout the world as high-density, urban in-fill appearance and mix of uses.
mixed-use developments but is also beginning to • LIVE/WORK:
emerge as a critical component of large commercial Residents can operate small businesses on the ground floor of
developments. the building where they live.
[Reference: (Sackey, 2009)] • STUDIO/LIGHT INDUSTRIAL:
Residents may operate studios or small workshops in the
building where they live.
2.2. TYPES OF MIXED-USE ZONING • HOTEL/RESIDENCE:
Mix hotel space and high-end multi-family residential.
Some of the most frequent scenarios of Mixed-use are: - • PARKING STRUCTURE WITH GROUND FLOOR
RETAIL.
• NEIGHBORHOOD COMMERCIAL ZONING: • SINGLE-FAMILY DETATCHED HOME DISTRICT
Convenience goods and services, such as convenience stores WITH STANDALONE SHOPPING CENTER.
permitted in otherwise strictly residential areas.
• MAIN STREET RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL:
Two or three-storey buildings with residential units above
and commercial units on the ground floor facing the street.
• URBAN RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL:
Multi-storey residential buildings with commercial and civic
uses on the ground floor.
• OFFICE CONVENIENCE:
Office buildings with small retail and service uses oriented to
the office workers. FIG.13: Mixed-Use zoning
Source: Google Images

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2.3. BIOMIMICRY ARCHITECTURE
The term ‘Biomimicry’ first appeared in scientific literature
in 1962, and grew in usage particularly amongst materials
scientists in the 1980s. Some scientists preferred the term
‘biomimetics’ or, less frequently, ‘bionics.’
The biological sciences writers define ‘biomimicry’ in their
own ways as: -
Professor of Biomimetics Julian Vincent defines it as, ‘the
abstraction of good design from nature’.
Writer Janine Benyus defines, ‘The conscious emulation of
nature’s genius.’
[Reference: (Pawlyn, 2011)]
Biomimicry…
Biomimicry comes from the Greek words’ bios, meaning
life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate is a new discipline
that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these designs
and processes to solve human problems sustainably.
After many years of evolution, nature has learned what works
and what lasts. Biomimicry is a new way of viewing and
valuing nature. It introduces an era based not on what we
can extract from the natural world, but what we can learn
from it.
In addition, there are other forms of biomimicry:
biomorphic, bio-utilization, and biophilia.
Biomorphic is the mimicking of natural forms such as
designing a building to resemble the shape of a leaf.
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Bio-utilization is the more direct use of nature for beneficial
purposes such as using trees on a site to provide shading for
windows.
Finally, Biophilia is the idea that there is an instinctive bond
between human beings and other living organisms which
inspires the use of plants to create a comforting environment.
Michael Pawlyn, an architect who uses biomimicry, has
identified several ways in which biomimicry can be applied
to architectural design, such as, in his book, ‘Biomimicry in
Architecture,’ he identifies applications for water
management, climate control, structural innovations, material
developments and energy production.
[Reference: (Kshirsagar, 2017)]
There are two kinds of inspiration in Biomimicry as follows:
• Visual inspiration
• Conceptual inspiration
Visual Inspiration…
Visual inspiration is relatively well understood and widely
used. In this case, picture of various living organisms, or their
system, are used to create similarly looking engineering
systems. Visual inspiration can produce useful result
especially in architectural design from the aesthetic points of
architecture.
For example: a picture of sea turtle shell can be used to shape
a reinforced concrete for a large span roof structure in an
exhibition building. The same sea turtle shell shape can be
used to design a shear wall in a tall building may result in a
structure excessively sensitive to large vertical forces.
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For example: Ark of the World by Greg Lynn located in

Costa Rican rainforest which is planned to serve as an eco-
center and location of eco-education.

FIG.14.: Turtle shell in nature

FIG.16.: Costa Rica by Greg Lynn

A tensile fabric roof serves as a platform for people interested

FIG.15.: Exhibition Hall inspired from turtle shell in looking out over the rainforest and a column-based water
garden keeps the place cool. The design of the building itself
Conceptual Inspiration… appears floral in nature.
Conceptual inspiration occurs when we use a principle found
in nature in design, for example, the biological principle of
homeostasis. This principle states that any living organism
reacts correspondingly to recover its vital functions when
attacked by an external agent. A designer can apply this
principle, for example, to determine the optimal shape of
shell roofs subjected to thermal and mechanical loads. Using
conceptual inspiration requires a solid understanding of both
nature and structural engineering and cannot be used in a
mechanistic way by an automated designing system. FIG.17: Tensile fabric roof

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2.4. PLANNING PRINCIPLES ❖ AUTOMOBILE

MOVEMENT AREA
• Roads for customer
❖ Space allotment
traffic
Before any planning, an architect must have an idea of
other uses to which land should be developed and an idea of • Roads for office
zoning problem. With this information, he begins planning employees
by carefully allocating portion of land to specific uses. • Roads for service traffic
These uses fall in six basic categories:

❖ STRUCTURES ❖ TRANSPORTATION AREA

• Office towers • Bus terminal
(commercial)
• SCO’s – shop cum offices
• Retail shops
• For public use such as
civic and social facilities
• Service areas

❖ BUFFER AREA
❖ PARKING • To maintain privacy between various areas
• Short term parking • To maintain visual control.
• Long term parking

❖ PEDESTRIAN AREA
• Covered and uncovered
areas
• Courts, plazas, public
corridors

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2.5. COMPONENTS OF MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT

2.5.1. OFFICES…
An office is generally a room or other area where administrative work is done by an organization or users in order to support
and realize objects and goals of the organization. The building or buildings in which the work of an organization, such as a
business or government department, is carried out.

Classification of Offices: -
• Private Offices
Private office is small rooms or cabinets which are separated from the
open office by partitions. They are usually meant for top executives like
Managing Director, Secretary, General Manager, Sales Department
Manager and the like. Sometimes, private office is provided to a group of
people who are doing special project, performing confidential nature of
work or need of concentration of work. Private offices be a minimum of
100 sq. ft. and a maximum of 300 sq. ft. each in size.

• Semi-private Offices
The semiprivate office is a room, ranging in size from 150 to 400 sq. ft., occupied by two or more individuals. These offices
can be closed by ceiling-high, three-quarter-high or bank-type partitions. Because of the loss of flexibility introduced by the use
of the partitions required to enclose these offices, the same rigid review given private offices
should be employed.

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• General Offices or Open space workstations

An open space office is an open-plan work
environment where there are no
enclosed office rooms or walled cubicles for
employees. Usually, employees work in the same
room, often beside each other, while seated along
a huge desk or on workstations positioned close
together.

• Combination of all the three types

The layouts of office buildings, are driven by the users. This can result in one of three typical floor plans.

➢ First layout, in which private offices and

conference rooms are located on the perimeter of a
floor and the general employees and their cubicles
are located at the centre.
➢ Second layout, in this plan the workers and their
workspace are located at the perimeter of the plan
and the private offices and rooms are at the centre.
➢ Third layout, this is an open plan, in which
workers have more interaction and are able to be
more productive.

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Circulation in Offices: -
This is the area required to conveniently permit ingress and egress to workstations. The size of an aisle should be governed by
the amount of traffic it bears. The following standards with regard to internal circulation will be applied in space planning
surveys:
• Aisles leading to main exits from areas which carry substantial traffic (main aisles) should be 60in.wide.
• Aisles which carry a moderate amount of traffic (intermediate aisles) should be 48in.wide.
• Aisles between rows of desks (secondary aisles) should be approximately 36in.wide.

2.5.2. CORE OF THE BUILDING…

A core may include
staircases, elevators,
electrical cables, water
pipes and risers.
A core allows people to
move between the floors
of a building, and
distributes services
efficiently to the floors.
The core is the heart of
the building, especially
for high and mid-rise
buildings. All support systems are compactly situated
in this centralized location.
Components included in the core of the building are: - • Water distribution
• Elevator shafts • Sewerage pipes
• Elevator Lobby • Electrical vertical services riser ducts
• Staircases
• Fire Protected lobbies Classification of the core: -
• AHU
• Central (Interior)
• Toilets
• Exterior
• Mechanical vertical services riser ducts
• Double-core
• Electrical power & lighting distribution

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2.5.3. ELEVATORS…
The following maximum loads are stipulated for
passenger lifts: -
• 400kg (Small lift) = used by the passengers with hand
baggage only.
• 630kg (Medium lift) = used by the passengers with
prams and wheelchairs.
• 1000kg (Large lift) = can accommodate stretchers,
coffins, furniture.

FIG18.: Lift size chart

Source: The timesaver standard

2.5.5. RETAIL SHOPS…

Retail shops involves the sale of goods from a single point (malls, markets, department stores etc.) directly to the consumer in
small quantities for his end use. There are many types of retail shops. Each of them differentiates themselves from the rest based
on the products they offer and the manner in which it is offered.
Retail store dimensions can range from 20'x 40' to 75'x120'. Convenience stores, restaurants, and service shops are typically
between 40'-70' in depth, while grocery stores and discount centers can range in depth from 100' to 120'.

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Types of Retail shops: -

• Department stores
It can be compared to a collection of
smaller retail stores managed by one
company. Some of the common
examples of department stores include
Macy’s, Shoppers Stop, and Kohl’s.
(Shoes store, Clothing store, Beauty
shops also included).
• Speciality stores
Specialty stores are retail establishments
that focus on one or two specific
categories of products. These outlets
specialize in a given type of merchandise
FIG19.: Departmental store FIG.20: Clothing store
like men’s clothing, children’s clothing Source: The metric handbook Source: Google

and sporting goods.

• Supermarket
Supermarkets are one of the most
common types of retail outlets. They are
large, self-service stores that specialize
in food and some non-food items.
Examples – Big Bazaar, Reliance fresh,
etc.

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2.5.6. RESTAURANTS…
Restaurant planning and design should showcase that 60% area in a
floor plan must go to the dining area and the other 40% to the
kitchen, storage, freezer, etc.

• Circulation- This is the movement of the people, how the staff and
the customers can move around and enter and exit the restaurant.
• Methods of service (self or monitored)- The restaurant design will
very much depend on whether the staff would serve the food, or if it
FIG.21: Restaurant zoning
is a self-service restaurant.
Source: Senior’s report
• The overall dimension of the given space- The restaurant design
heavily depends upon the whole proportion and area available.
Based on this, the architect would draft the restaurant design and
create a floor plan.
• Many areas are to be designed and planed in order to run a
restaurant successfully like, the entrance – To attract more
and more customers. Dining area, Kitchen area, Storage area,
Restrooms, Services.
• Fine dining may require 20 square feet per person.
• It is common for most restaurants or coffee shops with that have
a general menu to average about 15 square feet per person.

• Square feet per seat used for cafeteria and eateries in commercial
area is 16-18 sq. feet per seat. This is taking into account space
needed for traffic aisles, wait stations, cashier.

2.5.7. RECREATIONAL AND ENTERTAINMENT

ZONES…
Along with retail, restaurants, offices there will be some
entertainment zones, kids’ zones, recreational spaces that will be
included in the design. These buildings should be designed and

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dedicated to meet the needs of all people at a single place and should provide a safe,
healthful and attractive atmosphere in which every person has the opportunity to
enjoy his leisure by participation in activities of a social, cultural or physical nature.
This will include some of the following spaces: -
• OAT
• F&B
• Multiplex
• Nightclubs
• Games zone
• Spa
• Gymnasium

❖ MULTIPLEX
The amount of space required for each auditorium depends on a number of factors but
the following guides, based on modern seating design can give you an idea of the area
needed:
75 seats: 125m2/ 1350 ft2
150 seats: 190m2/ 2000 ft2
200 seats: 270m2/ 2900 ft2

The Multiple aisle arrangement:

It consists of 14-16 chairs per row with access to an aisle way at both ends. If the aisle
can only be reached from one end of a row, the seat count may then be limited to 7 or 8.
FIG.22: The Aisle arrangement.
The Continental seating plan:
If planned carefully, the continental aisle arrangement can accommodate more seating
within the same space. Usually, it requires an average of 7.5 square feet (2.3 square
meters) per person including the seating area and the space for aisle-ways.

❖ OPEN AIR THEATRE

An open circular or oval building with a central space surrounded by tiers of seats for
spectators, for the presentation of dramatic or sporting events. Slope of seating
should not be less than 12 degrees, for better audibility n visibility. Noise level
FIG.23: Open Air theatre.

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should not exceed 40 decibels.

❖ GYMNASIUM
For 40-45 users a room size of at least 200 m2 is needed. Clear room height for
all rooms should be 3.00 m. For an optimum double-row arrangement of
machines, the room should be at least 6 m wide. To allow clear supervision of
all training, the room length needs to be 15m.

FIG.24: Gymnasium view.

❖ OPEN SPACES
Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and is accessible to the
public. Open space can include: - Green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other
vegetation).
As a part of commercial property open space can also include sitting spaces, playing area, attractive landscaping, greenery,
parks, selfie points, water bodies etc.

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CASE
STUDY

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LIVE CASE STUDY

❖ CYBER HUB, GURUGRAM
Cyber hub is a premium socializing zone that has food & entertainment at its
core. An unparalleled experience and an ideal destination for art and media
launches etc. Also consists of office Spaces (Building 8&10).

❖ WORLDMARK- AEROCITY, DELHI

Worldmark is a mixed-use commercial development in the Aerocity
hospitality district. It consisting of premium office and high-end retail
and F&B spaces.

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3.1. CASE STUDY 1: CYBER HUB, GURUGRAM
3.1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY
Gurgaon, since 2016 officially named Gurugram, is a
city located in the northern Indian state of
Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi-Haryana
border, about 30km southwest of the national capital
New Delhi and 268km south of Chandigarh, the state
capital. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi
and is part of the National Capital Region of India.
Gurgaon is India’s second largest information
technology hub and third largest financial and banking
hub. It is also home to India’s largest medical tourism
industry. Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country
in terms of total wealth.
3.1.2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE
CITY
The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the
Kuru Kingdom. Early people to inhabit the region
were Hindus ruled over by the Ahir clan. Yadu tribes
were a part of this clan and today their descendants
commonly hold the last name Yadav. In the
Mahabharata, Gurgaon is described as the village of
Drona, the guru of the Kauravas and Pandavas. In
the late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the
24
Maurya Empire as part of Chandragupta Maurya’s
earliest expansions of his kingdom.
3.1.3. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
❖ TOPOGRAPHY
The average land elevation is 217 metres (712ft)
above sea level.
❖ CLIMATE
• Gurgaon experiences a hot semi-arid climate.
• The city experiences four distinct seasons-
spring (February-March), summers (April-
August), autumn (October-November) and
winters (December-January), along with the
monsoon season (June-September) setting in
towards the latter half of the summer.
• An average daily June high temperature
reaches 40oC. The season experiences heat
indices easily breaking 43oC.
• Winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days.
The Western disturbances brings some rain in
winters that further adds to the chill.
❖ DEMOGRAPHICS
The Gurgaon municipal corporation area has an
estimated population of 11,53,000, according to the
2011 Census of India.
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3.1.4. PROJECT BRIEF

❖ A premium socializing zone, part of the corporate park,

DLF Cyber city is considered as a hub of food and
beverages in Gurugram with a large number of leading
restaurants besides a few shops which caters primarily to
the people working in there.
❖ It not only caters to the people working in corporate and
business hubs in the vicinity but also to the catchment in
and around Gurugram.
❖ It also hosts art and cultural shows, media launches,
displays, lifestyle shoots, TV programmes, etc.
❖ General Information: -
• Prime Consultants & Architects: M. Paul Friedberg
and Partners, Hafeez contractor and Mohit Gujral. FIG.25: Aerial view of Cyber city
• Developer: DLF Source: Google Images
• Start of the Project: 1997
• Completion of Project: 2013
• Site area: 37161.22 Sq.m
• FAR: 3.75

3.1.5. SITE LOCATION

The site is located at the main artery connecting Gurgaon to

Delhi, NH8, Udyog vihar, a densely populated industrial area
lies in the opposite side of the highway. The site is also
surrounded by commercial and residential. Cyber hub is
located at a prime corner in Cyber City.
• Located in Gurugram, Haryana
• Lies next to the National Highway 8 FIG.26: India showing Gurugram FIG.27: DLF Cyber city
Source: Google Images Source: Google Images
THESIS (2017-2022)
 26

• 30 min. from IGI Airport

• Gurugram has rapidly developed into an IT Hub and home to many multinational
companies, partly due to its proximity and connectivity to the national capital
New Delhi.
• Connected through a 16 Lane Expressway on the NH8.
• Accessible from both South and Central Delhi.
• Well connected through metro with Sikanderpur.
• Near to 5-Star Hotels like the Leela, Trident and Oberoi.

FIG.28: Google map of cyber hub

Source: Google Images

24km from Delhi Railway 2.7 km from Sikanderpur 9.4 km from IGI Airport
station metro station

3.1.6. CONNECTIVITY THROUGH METRO STATIONS

• Connected to Delhi Metro with common ticketing system.

• Train Frequency of every 3 mins running from 6 am to 12 midnight.
• 6 operational Stations connecting 6 Cybercity Buildings.
• Catering to 25000 commuters per day with total capacity of 150,000 commuters.
• Pedestrian walkways connecting each building with metro station.
• Saves up to 80% travel cost per month for employees & employers.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 27

❖ 6 OPERATIONAL METRO STATIONS

• SIKANDERPUR STATION: It connects nearby places like Sikanderpur Village; DLF Phase 1, Emaar MGF Business
Park and DLF City.
• PHASE 3 STATION: It connects nearby places
like Building No 7, 9 & 14 and Cyber Green.
• PHASE 2 STATION: Located in DLF Phase 2,
Building No. 5 is a walk of less than 2 minutes
away from the station.
• BELVEDERE TOWER STATION: It connects
nearby places like Belvedere Towers, DLF
Square and DLF Atria.
• MOULSARI AVENUE STATION: It connects
nearby places like Ambience Mall, Building No 6
and National Media Centre.
• INDUSLND BANK CYBER CITY STATION:
It connects nearby places like Cyber hub,
Building10 and Building8. FIG.29: Rapid metro map
Source: Google Images

3.1.7. SITE ANALYSIS

• The Site is long and linear with multiple entrances to cater an average footfall of
25,000 people.
• Topography: Site is relatively flat.
• Site slope: South to North.
• Orientation: North-West.
• Climate: Humid sub-tropical.

FIG.30: Orientation of cyber city

Source: Google Images

THESIS (2017-2022)
 28

3.1.8. APPROACH

Road: Cyber City falls on NH8, a 16 lane Expressway connecting Delhi to Jaipur and New Delhi to Gurugram. The site also
enjoys further connectivity from secondary roads from the other sides.
Metro: The site is well connected through Metro with Sikanderpur as the nearest station. Also, Cyber city has its own private
Rapid metro network having 6 stations encircling the whole of the Cyber city with IndusInd Bank station in close proximity to
Cyber Hub.

FIG.31: Movement systems, left to right – Rapid metro, public bus, Private vehicles, Pedestrian
Source: Thesis on TOD, issuu.com

3.1.9. LAND USE

• High, medium and low density industrial, residential and public & semi-public uses,
established without clear definition or relevant scales between individual building.
• Building contains a vertical mix of uses, often retail shops on the ground level
and offices on first floor onwards with car parking occupying the rest of the plinth.
This reduces the public presence and passive surveillance on the street.
• Very few areas of green spaces present in precinct, thus forming no hierarchy in
green.
FIG.32: Land use of the site
Source: Sucheta thesis
THESIS (2017-2022)
 29

3.1.10. ENTRANCE TYPOLOGY

• There are multiple entrances along the length of the complex.

• Entrances have been
shown in the figure 33.

FIG.33: Plan showing entrances

THESIS (2017-2022)
 30

3.1.11. CONFIGURATION OF PATH

THESIS (2017-2022)
 31

3.1.12. SITE PLAN

THESIS (2017-2022)
 32

3.1.13. SITE ZONING

THESIS (2017-2022)
 33

3.1.14. SITE CIRCULATION PLAN

THESIS (2017-2022)
 34

3.1.15. SURFACE PARKING

FIG.34: Surface parking-1

Source: Author

THESIS (2017-2022)
 35

3.1.16. SITE SECTION

FIG.35: Site section

Source: Google image

3.1.17. STORM WATER DRAINAGE 3.1.18. SECURITY RING

• Rainwater Hauge of 300X300mm is provided on the • Foot Over Bridges (named

open terraces. Cyberwalk) are equipped
• Gutter is provided on the sides of the pedestrians for with anti-skid and tactile
draining off of floors, CCTV cameras,
rainwater. elevators, ramps and
escalators.
• 24x7 ring security.

• 8000+ CCTV cameras & FIG.37: Security post

Pan Tilt. Source: Author
• Zoom Cameras for ground
& aerial surveillance.
• 700+ Security Guards 24x7.
• Electronic Access Control System for buildings.
• Fully monitored visitor entry & exit management.
FIG.36: Rainwater Hauge
Source: Author THESIS (2017-2022)
 36

3.1.19. SITE SERVICES

❖ FIRE ESCAPE ROUTE
❖ KITCHEN SERVICE • Fire escape is located at the rear side of the food
court area.
• Service entry and exit is
located at the rear side • It is also used as an emergency entrance for fire
of the food court fighting vehicles.
directly connecting with
the service corridors. 3.1.20. BUILDING LEVEL
• The service corridor at
the back kitchens is The major Buildings covered are: -
covered with wall • Building 8
having creepers all FIG.38: Service corridor facade (INNOV8)
along. Source: Author
• Building 10
• The kiosks and cafes in the middle have individual • Cyber Hub
kitchens which are ventilated through the terrace.
• Garbage room placed in the basement along with
composting machines near the loading/unloading
bays.
❖ STORAGE AREAS
The storage areas are
located in the
basements accessed
through service
corridors and service
lifts which comprises
of: - FIG.39: Basement

• 12 storage areas, 6 x 10 m
• 10 cold storages, 5 x 8 m
• 4 loading and unloading bays, 5m wide and
double height area.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 37

3.1.21. BUILDING-8 (INNOV8)

• Building 8 (Innov8) is located in DLF Cyber city which is considered one of the largest
IT-hub in Gurugram and also a place for entertainment and shopping. DLF Innov8 have
an area of approx.1.4 million sq. ft. It is divided into 3 blocks (8A, 8B & 8C), with a
range of 4-9 floors.
• Building 8 (Innov8) have facilities like food court, ATM and retail outlets, office spaces
for international companies. These 3 blocks (8A, 8B, 8C) are connected on ground, first
and second floors.

FIG.40: Key plan

FIG.42: Ground Floor Plan FIG.41: Elevational view

Source: Google images

FIG.43: Typical Floor Plans

THESIS (2017-2022)
 38

3.1.22. BUILDING-10

• DLF Building 10 have an area of approx. 2.4 million sq. ft. It is divided into
3 blocks (10A, 10B & 10C), with a range of 5-20 floors.
• Building 10 have facilities like food court, ATM and retail outlets, office
spaces for international companies. This building was punctured (30’ wide) on
ground, first and second floors.

BLOCK-C
BLOCK-B

BLOCK-A

FIG.45: Ground Floor Plan

FIG.47: Elevational view

Source: Google images

FIG.46: Typical Floor Plans THESIS (2017-2022)

 39

3.1.23. CYBER HUB

FIG.48: Ground floor plan

• Street pattern is followed.

• Plots for F&B shops in continuous row along
the pedestrian plazas, which are three storey
high.
• Retail shops under office buildings cover two
floors of the building block.
• Large distance i.e., 27ft between opposite shops sufficient enough to cater the crowd.
• Escalators and staircases are provided after few drops.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 40

FIG.49: First floor plan

FIG.50: Second floor plan

THESIS (2017-2022)
 41

• Large shop sizes- 20’X66’, Medium shop size- 15’X30’ • ACTIVITY PATTERN: -
• All the three floors are accessible from front as well as
back side.
• There is a seating area in front of some cafes and a
passage of 4.5m is also created as walkaway.
• The walking area and seating areas are well defined in
flooring pattern with different kinds of stone used-
primarily Kota stone and granite.
• On the first floor, terraces are provided with tensile roof
giving it a highly contemporary look and feel.
• LED lighting is used to highlight the walkways.
• Terrace gardens are provided on the top of Kiosks.

FIG.52: Activity comparison

Source: Google images

FIG.51: (from left) Open space in front of shops, green terraces(top), Pathway on
first floor. Source: Author
THESIS (2017-2022)
 42

FIG.53: Amphitheatre on Sunday at 9am FIG.54: Amphitheatre on Sunday at 1pm FIG.55: Amphitheatre on Sunday in
evening.

• SECTION THROUGH CYBER HUB

3.1.24. ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION

• The Complex is built on the international idea of dining and entertainment. Cyber Hub is India’s share of the glamorous
corporate life that has been borrowed from the west.
• The buildings are intricate steel and glass constructions.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 43

• GLASS FAÇADE:
▪ Glass has become an integral part of modern-day
architecture.
▪ Glass ensures that the building gets ample of natural
light making interiors look brighter reducing the
need for artificial lighting and saving energy.
▪ The energy efficient glasses have been used which
provides the benefit of reducing the heat gained in
the buildings without compromising natural light.
▪ Energy efficient glasses, when used properly can reduce the total energy consumption by anywhere between 10 percent of
the total energy consumed.
• ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANELS:
▪ Mostly, ACP sheets are used on the facades of the
buildings of Cyber city. The main advantage of ACP
sheet is that, it is very rigid and strong, despite its
light weight.
▪ It can be bent, cut, drilled, punched and easily shaped
into any possible complex shape to reach the design
concept with an ease.
▪ ACP sheets come in a wide range of metallic and non-
metallic colors & patterns.
▪ Sound and heat insulation properties of this material results in a noise free zone inside the building providing a workable
atmosphere.
• TENSILE FABRIC:
▪ Tensile fabric is very rigid and strong, despite of its light weight.
▪ During daytime, translucent fabric membrane offers soft diffused natural light spaces while at night, artificial lighting
creates ambient exterior luminescence.
▪ Tensile fabric has low cost per square foot, thus reducing the initial cost of the structure.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 44

• STEEL STRUCTURE:
▪ Steel truly allows the designers to shape
and mould the structure in every
imaginable shape to reach the design
concept without compromising the
overall strength of the structure.
▪ It offers a stylish way of creating large,
column-free interiors, thereby giving the
building a sense of openness. It’s also malleable, giving structural designers
the freedom to explore ideas in terms of creating stylish shapes and textures in order to make distinct building.

3.1.25. INFERENCES

• This project aims at attracting international business to the city for overall development of the city and the nation on a larger scale.
• This hub has entertainment zones, corporate offices, restaurants and open spaces for activities.
• Vehicular movement is restricted to the periphery, leaving the interior open for free pedestrian movement.
• This project has succeeded in creating a public space that remains active late at night.
• Treatment of the pedestrian walkways with seating at regular intervals, vibrant store fronts and toilets.
• The hub does not have enough of green spaces, rather artificial greenery is provided.
• The walkways are not provided with much of shading except the walkway between the kiosks, which reduces the activity during
daytime in summers.
• No proper signages are provided which makes the place a bit confusing for the first-time visitor.
• No space for future expansion.

THESIS (2017-2022)

3.2. CASE STUDY 2: WORLDMARK-AEROCITY, DELHI
3.2.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY
New Delhi, often known as National Capital Territory
of Delhi (NCT), serves as the capital of India. It is
bordered by two states - Uttar Pradesh (on the east)
and Haryana (on the remaining three sides). It covers
an area of almost 1484 square kilometers. It is the
government, commercial and the financial center of
India. It is home to the three branches of the
Government of India – the Executive, the Legislative
and the Judiciary.
3.2.2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE
CITY
Delhi has a rich historical background. Its historical
reference dates back to the times of the great epic,
Mahabharata (then known as Indraprastha). Even
after that, various powerful emperors of the past have
held their names in the list of Delhi’s governances.
Starting with Mohammad Ghori, the founder of the
Delhi Sultanate, 1206; followed by the invasion of the
city by Taimur in 1398. Later Babur established the
Mughal Empire after winning the battle of Panipat in
1526. The city was then ruled by the British East
India Company from 1803 AD and was made their
45
capital in 1911. After Independence in 1947, the city
of Delhi was made the capital of India and remains
to be the heart of the country till date.
3.2.3. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
• GEOGRAPHY
New Delhi is located in the Indo- Gangetic plain in
the northern India, so most part of the city is
relatively flat. It is a land-locked city. The city also
comes under seismic zone-IV making it one of the
major earthquake prone areas of the country.
• CLIMATE
New Delhi has a climate that is combination of both
monsoon-influenced humid sub-tropical and semi-
arid climate with extreme variation between the
summer and winter temperatures (extreme
temperatures being as low as -2.2oC and as high as
48.4oC).
• RAINFALL
The city receives almost 87% of the annual rainfall
during the monsoon months, starting from mid-June
and lasting up to September. Total rainfall amounts
to 800mm per year with the maximum rainfall being
in the months of June (220mm).
THESIS (2017-2022)
 46

3.2.4. PROJECT BRIEF

WORLDMARK-1

❖ Aerocity is India’s first aerotropolis and has rapidly emerged as an WORLDMARK-2 WORLDMARK-3

alternate to some of the established office markets of Delhi NCR.

❖ Aerocity serves the right combination of luxury and entertainment
within its well-planned commercial arena. The area has a shopping
arcade and a bevy of well-known restaurants, cafes, bars and resto-
bars.
❖ Worldmark is a mix use commercial complex in the Aerocity
hospitality district near Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International
Airport, New Delhi, consisting of premium offices, retail shops and
F&B spaces.
❖ The Development consists of 1.5 million sq. ft. area with 1.2 million sq. ft. for Office spaces and 0.3 million sq. ft. for retail
spaces.
❖ General Information: -
• Site Area of Worldmark: 3.5 acres
• Opening year: June 2013
• Owners: Bharti Reality
• Principal Architect: Kohn Pederson Fox
• Retail Architect: Benoy
• Landscape Architect: Integral Design
• Floor Description: 3 Basements – Lower Ground – G+6

3.2.5. SITE LOCATION

Worldmark is situated near the Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway (NH-48) in close proximity to the Aerocity metro station and IGI
airport. The development is surrounded by number of 4 and 5-star hotels making this as an established business and hospitality
district.
• Located in the most premium part of the National capital – New Delhi.
• Lies next to the National Highway 48.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 47

• 6 minutes from IGI airport.

• Near Hotels like JW Marriot, Lemon tree, Holiday Inn, etc.
• Proximity to the upscale suburban areas – Gurgaon, Faridabad.

3.2.6. CONNECTIVITY THROUGH METRO STATION

• Constructing a metro line, linking Gurugram and IGIA, will

reduce burden on NH8.
• Constructing a metro line connecting Terminal-1, Aerocity,
Saket and Tughlakabad will enhance metro connectivity.
• Regional rapid connect to
Delhi: -

THESIS (2017-2022)
 48

3.2.7. SITE ANALYSIS 3.2.8. ROAD CROSS-SECTION

❖ SITE AREA
Total Site area is considered to be approximately 30-
40 acres. Most of the area is barren land for future
expansion.
❖ ON-SITE
FEATURES: -
There are Hotels,
Offices, retails, open
plazas and green
3.2.9. DROP-OFF AREA
spaces.
❖ There are four Main Office buildings and drop-off
areas have been
provided at the
entrances.
❖ The road width at
drop-off area is
7.5m.

3.2.10. STORM WATER DRAINAGE

❖ OFF-SITE
FEATURES: ❖ Openings with bars have been provided
Site is adjacent to IGI on the road sides for draining off water.
Airport and there is a ❖ On the pedestrian walkways, gutter and
village opposite to the rainwater hauge is provided on the
site. extreme
sides.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 49

3.2.11. SITE ZONING 3.2.12. SITE CIRCULATION

Entry
PEDESTRIAN
MOVEMENT
Exit
VEHICULAR
MOVEMENT
(ASSET)

ICONIC VEHICULAR
MOVEMENT
Structure
(OUTSIDE ASSET)

THESIS (2017-2022)
 50

3.2.13. SITE PLAN (WORLDMARK)

❖ There are 3 buildings of

Worldmark in Aerocity
(Worldmark 1, Worldmark
2, Worldmark 3).
❖ 1.1 million sq. ft. high-end
office spaces.
❖ 0.3 million sq. ft of variant
retail and F&B spaces.
❖ WM-3 – Lower ground to
2nd floor is shopping centre
and rest are offices
❖ WM-2 is given to aviation
hub for offices.
❖ Worldmark 1,2 & 3 offers
offices and retail spaces in
the heart of hospitality
district of Aerocity.
❖ Surrounded by 10 of the
top line hotels with a
capacity of approx. 5500
rooms keys, banquet
facilities and specialty
restaurants.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 51

3.2.14. WORLDMARK BUILDING PLANS

THESIS (2017-2022)
 52

3.2.15. WORLDMARK BUILDING SECTION

THESIS (2017-2022)
 53

3.2.16. WORLDMARK AMENITIES AND FEATURES

❖ High speed elevators.

❖ Hydraulic Bollards.
❖ 3- Tier car Parking.
❖ Very low VOC, Paints
and adhesive used.
❖ Terrace garden and
landscaped roof top.
❖ Used glass as façade material to take max. advantage
of natural light.
❖ Double insulated glass.
❖ Water features and pedestrian walkways.
❖ Parking for 3000 cars and have three basements for
parking.
❖ 35-40 Fine dining restaurants, Night clubs.
❖ Open area for cultural events.
❖ World class business club with spa, private
dining rooms, bar and lounge World class
food court – largest in the National Capital
Region.
❖ Handicapped friendly building.
❖ Columns are provided with water sprinklers
to keep the atmosphere cool.
❖ Fire safety and AHU rooms are provided with the central core.

3.2.17. ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS

❖ Green spaces were aesthetically appealing and beautifully maintained.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 54

❖ Water Body in the basement also attracts people

where there were restaurants.
❖ Materials used on the building façade are: - Glass,
Red sandstone bands, steel structures.
❖ GLASS: -
• Glass with spider fittings as well as with
aluminium frames is used as the façade of the Worldmark buildings.
• Glass ensures that the building gets natural light making interiors look brighter
reducing the need for artificial lighting and saving energy.
• To break the monotony red sandstone bands are also used as façade material
alternatively with glass.
❖ STEEL STRUCTURE: -
• It is used on top of Worldmark buildings as projections to create a unique
image of these buildings. It is a beautiful architectural design element which
makes these buildings different from others in Aerocity.
• Steel work is done beautifully on piers- shaped like branches of the tree. Looks
like a mushroom shaped structure of steel.

❖ TENSILE FABRIC: -
Tensile fabric steel structure has been used as
a roof over the escalators which provides
diffused light in the basement.

3.2.18. INFERENCES

❖ A good commercial project where a person can visit for shopping, to find some good food to eat etc.
❖ Terraces and balconies (WM-2, WM-3) are decorated with beautiful landscape+ sitting (A zone made for employees to
relax).
❖ Every building has its own drop off points, with a shed above and is easily accessible with vehicles.
❖ No informal activities were seen on site. No surface parking was seen, 99% parking in basement only.

THESIS (2017-2022)

3.3. COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS
LIVE CASE STUDY-1
ASPECTS CYBER CITY, GURU-
GRAM
❖ SITE AREA 26.2 Acres
5 Site entrances and 5
❖ NUMBER OF ENTRIES
exits
3 Basements = 7800 cars
❖ PARKING Surface parking = 3000
cars
❖ ARCHITECTURE
Modern style
STYLE
6-20 storey mid-rise
❖ BUILDING HEIGHTS
buildings
Use of materials like
Glass curtain wall, ACP
❖ FAÇADE TREATMENT
sheets, tensile fabric roof,
steel structure.
Tensile structures,
❖ SPECIAL FEATURES alienating to the nature
are the large glass façade.
LIVE CASE STUDY-2
WORLDMARK-AEROCITY,
N. DELHI
3.5 Acres
3 Entrances to Worldmark and 3
exits.
3 Basements = 7000 cars
No surface parking.
Modern style
6 storey mid-rise buildings
Use of materials like Glass
curtain wall, red sandstone
bands, tensile fabric roof.
Steel structure on the top of the
Worldmark building.
55
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
As per site
Entries should be such that
each building is easily
accessible to main road.
Surface parking is essential
and covered parking in
Basement.
--
Building profile should be
site responsive.
--
Some different and unique
features to mark identity.
THESIS (2017-2022)
 56

SITE
ANALYSIS

THESIS (2017-2022)
 57

4.1. SITE BRIEF

• Location: The City center, Sector-62, S.A.S. Nagar is

allocated for Mixed-use commercial purpose. The Site is
located along major commercial belts running through the
sectors of Chandigarh and Mohali like
9,17,22,35,43,64,70.
• Client: Greater Mohali Area Development Authority
(GMADA).
• Site Area: 17.15 acres
• SITE CO-ORDINATES: - 30°42'04.9"N; 76°43'48.5"E.
• APPROACHES: -
▪ Airport – 14.1 km • EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS: -
▪ Railway Station – 5.2 km ▪ Abutting roads:
▪ ISBT, Phase 8, Mohali – 0.6 km ➢ Himalaya Marg (57m)
▪ Sector 43, Chandigarh – 8 km ➢ A 30m and 45m wide roads on the other
▪ Sector 17, Chandigarh – 9.4 km two sides.
• PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: - ▪ Major portion of the site is covered with dense
▪ The shape of the site is triangular with roads vegetation.
defining the boundary of the site.
▪ The area of the site is 17.15 acres.
• CLIMATE: -
▪ Mohali has sub-tropical climate characterized by
seasonal rhythm: hot summers, slightly cold
winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in
temperature (-1 to 44oC and 30 to 111oC).
▪ In winters, frost sometimes occurs during
December and January.
▪ The average annual rainfall is recorded at 617mm
(24.3 in.) the city also receives occasional winter
rain from the west.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 58

4.2. VISION FOR S.A.S NAGAR MOHALI ▪ PUDA Bhawan

▪ Vikas Bhawan
▪ Old Mohali bus stand
• The vision for the
Greater Mohali
• A Down tall mall is under construction adjacent to the
Region is to become
site.
a globally
competitive
metropolis with a
self-built resilience
capacity to sustain
the pace of
economic and urban
development in
Punjab.
• S.A.S Nagar is now
a fast emerging as
well as preferred destination not only for the information
technology industry, but also for quality housing and
urban infrastructure related investments.
• It is projected that S.A.S Nagar’s population will increase
to 1.3 million by the year 2031.
• The main objective is to ensure that there is sufficient
land in S.A.S Nagar to provide jobs and housing for the
population in 2031.

4.3. SITE SURROUNDINGS

• The major buildings/places in this sector are: -
▪ Garden Valley
▪ Fortis Hospital
▪ Punjab School education board
▪ Gurudwara Amb Sahib

THESIS (2017-2022)
 59

4.4. SITE DIMENSIONS 4.5. GMADA BYE-LAWS

As per the latest data on gmada.gov.in, data received from
the PUDA Bhawan, Mohali, the drawing files and the
conversation with the officer in-duty, shows that this
site is now proposed for the Commercial Complex or
Mix- use development.
• SITE AREA: 17.15 acres

• SITE COVERAGE:
• Buildings shall be permitted only
within the portion of the site marked as on the plan.
• The maximum area that may be built
at the ground floor shall not exceed 45% of the total
area of the site. F.A.R (FLOOR AREA RATIO) is
1:3.

❖ HEIGHT OF BUILDING:
No restriction subject to clearance from airport
authority.

❖ SETBACKS:
• Min 6 m/ 1/3rd of the height of the
building, for building above 48 m height the max
set-backs shall be 16 m.
• Min. distance between two buildings
Drafted plan of Dimensions of the site proposed within a site or adjoining sites shall not be less than
Sector-62, Mohali for Mixed-use Development. 2/3rd of average height of buildings in case of air,
light and ventilation is drawn, but not less than 2/5th
of the average height of buildings.

❖ PARKING:
• For ground covered parking 28 square meters/ ECS.

THESIS (2017-2022)
 60

• For basement 32 square meters/ ECS.

• For open parking 23 square meters/ ECS.
• Minimum 20% of the total require d parking shall be on ground floor.
•
❖ BUILDING PARTS:
• PLINTH:
The height of the plinth shall be not less than 450 mm.

• HABITABLE ROOMS:
The height of room shall not be less than 2.75 m measured from the surface of the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling
(bottom of slab) provided that the minimum clear headway under any beam shall not be less than 2.4 m.

• BATHROOMS:
The height of a bathroom from the surface of the floor to the bottom of slab shall not be less than 2.1 m. The area of a bathroom
shall not be less than 1.8 Sq.m with a minimum width of 1.2 m.

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AREA
STATEMENT

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4. AREA CALCULATION
❖ AREA OF THE SITE = 17.15 acres (69403.6 Sq.m)
❖ F.A.R (FLOOR AREA RATIO) = 1:3
❖ TOTAL BUILT – UP AREA ON ALL FLOORS = F.A.R x AREA OF THE SITE = 69403.6 x 3 = 208210.8 Sq.m
❖ MAX. GROUND COVERAGE = 35% OF THE TOTAL AREA OF SITE = 35% of 69403.6 = 24291.26 Sq.m
❖ ECS = 2/100 Sq.m
❖ AREA DISTRIBUTION:
• OFFICE AREA
• RETAIL AREA
• RECREATIONAL AREA
• SERVICES

❖ AREA STATEMENT: -

REQUIREMENTS QUANTITY AREA PER UNIT ZONE

OFFICE AREA… 13,250 Sq.m
CATEGORY 1 45 0-50 Sq.m SEMI-PUBLIC
CATEGORY 2 35 50-100 Sq.m SEMI-PUBLIC
CATEGORY 3 15 500+ Sq.m SEMI-PUBLIC
RETAIL AREA… 22,650 Sq.m
SMALL SHOPS 194 30-60 Sq.m PUBLIC
MEDIUM SHOPS 55 61-90 Sq.m PUBLIC
LARGE SHOPS 17 91-120 Sq.m PUBLIC
SUPERMARKET 1 400 Sq.m PUBLIC

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RESTAURANTS 12 300-400 Sq.m PUBLIC

LOCAL MARKET 1500 Sq.m PUBLIC
RECREATIONAL AREA… 8,200 Sq.m
GYM & AEROBICS 1 500-700 Sq.m PUBLIC
SALON 1 225 Sq.m PUBLIC
SPA + SAUNA 1 700 Sq.m PUBLIC
KIDS PLAY ZONE 1 500 Sq.m PUBLIC
EXHIBITION HALL 4 400-500 Sq.m PUBLIC
MULTIPLEX 1 PUBLIC
▪ BIG SCREEN 450 Sq.m
▪ MEDIUM SCREEN 250 Sq.m
▪ CINE LOUNGE 300 Sq.m
▪ PROJECTOR ROOM 20 Sq.m
▪ TICKET COUNTER 150 Sq.m
▪ TOILET BLOCK 100 Sq.m
LIBRARY 1 1500 Sq.m PUBLIC
▪ Entrance lobby
▪ Reception counter
▪ Locker room
▪ Librarian’s Office
▪ Staff Office
▪ Book issue/ return
counter

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▪ Back office
▪ Record room
▪ Reading room
▪ Book stack area
▪ AV room for e-books
▪ Toilets

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DESIGN
CRITERIA

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6.1. CONCEPTS

a) DECK STRUCTURE SYSTEM:

• Deck is the raised area to segregate the zones.
• Provided to give additional space to accommodate
various activities.
• To provide the concept of proving relaxing spaces,
community-sharing facilities, convenient amenities
and cultural functions.
• SKY BRIDGE:
▪ Used for linear walkway directed from
one space to another.
▪ Can also be used for recreational purpose.
• DECK PLAZA:
▪ Common space within a building, e.g.,
food court and a transitional space
between public and private zones.

b) SEGREGATION OF VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

Peripheral vehicular movement would be encouraged leaving the center fully pedestrian to
reduce the pollution and disturbance to the inner belt of the center. Parking would be provided
in the outer periphery.
c) OPEN MALL CONCEPT
Shops and services if designed in open rather than under a single roof will yield more. There
will be more spaces for interaction, livelier zone, a balance between green and built-up.
d) MASS AND VOID CONCEPT
Interesting and exciting layout will be created with the play of mass and void.
e) PUBLIC PLAZA
Public plaza can be wrapped around by built masses that host a variety of functions, thus
achieving an active public realm.

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REFERENCES
• http://gmada.gov.in
• www.wikipedia.com
• http://puda.gov.in
• https://www.designboom.com/architecture/paolo-venturella-mixed-usetower-in-madrid
• https://www.slideshare.net/senshots/masters-thesis-report-skyscraper-high-rise-mixed-use-development
• https://pt.slideshare.net/aniruddha1988/office-space-for-buy-sellrent-in-unitech-signature-towers-
gurgaon9650129697?smtNoRedir=1
• http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/482/1/CALEB%20SACKEY.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/AbdallahKhalifa2/shopping-centers-72789242
• https://www.slideshare.net/arcdeepakspa/fire-regulations-for-buildings
• https://www.posist.com/restaurant-times/resources/restaurant-design-guidelines-to-achieve-the-optimum-
utilisation-of-floor-area-in-restaurants.html
• https://daks2k3a4ib2z.cloudfront.net/5810e16fbe876cec6bcbd86e/59f1fb530aad1d00010a6186_PPS-Placemaking-
and-the-Future-of-Cities.pdf
• https://issuu.com/lakshmi.chaitanya/docs/thesis_report_2017
• https://rmw.com/designing-better-market-street/
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/6067364/

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