ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5a_NEW URBANISM
4. Strong emphasis on the community.
WHAT IS NEW URBANISM?
Its goals are to reduce
dependence on the car, and to create
livable and walkable, neighborhoods with a
densely packed array of housing, jobs and
commercial sites.
HOW “NEW URBANISM” IS
CREATED?
The later invention of the automobile further
increased this decentralization from
the central city which later led
to separated land uses and urban sprawl.to
separated land uses and urban sprawl.
WHAT IS URBAN SPRAWL?
- Urban sprawl is the pattern of
uncontrollable growth near or on the
perimeter of cities
- “low-density residential housing,
single-use zoning, and increased
reliance on the private automobile
for transportation.”
- Due to uncontrolled Urban Sprawl,
wildlife, and trees were destroyed to
adapt to the growing urban
population and to continually grow
the economy.
CORE NEW URBANIST IDEAS
4 KEY IDEAS
1. Ensure that a city is walkable.
- no resident should need a car
- a five-minute walk from any basic
good or service
- invest in sidewalks and narrow
streets.
2. De-emphasize the car
- placing garages behind homes or in
alleys
- only be on-street parking, instead of
large parking lots.
3. Buildings should be mixed both in their
style, size, price and function.
- a small townhouse can be placed
next to a larger, single family home.
- Mixed-use buildings such as those
containing commercial spaces with
apartments over them are also ideal
in this setting.
- maintaining connections between
people with high density, parks, open
spaces and community gathering
centers like a plaza or neighborhood
square.
CRITICISMS OF NEW URBANISM
- density of its cities leads to a lack of
privacy for residents
- By having mixed density
neighborhoods and possibly sharing
driveways and garages, this privacy is
lost.
THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW URBANISM
1. Walkability
- Pedestrian friendly street design
2. Connectivity
- Interconnected street grid network
disperses traffic & eases walking
3. Mixed-Use & Diversity
- A mix of shops, offices, apartments,
and homes on site. Mixed-use within
neighborhoods,
within blocks,
4. Mixed Housing
- A range of types, sizes and prices in
closer proximity
5. Quality Architecture & Urban Design
- Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics,
human comfort, and creating a sense
of place;
6. Traditional Neighborhood Structure
- Importance of quality public realm;
public open space designed as civic
art
7. Increased Density
- More buildings, residences, shops,
and services closer together for ease
of walking
8. Smart Transportation
- A network of high-quality trains
connecting cities, towns, and
neighborhoods together
9. Sustainability
- Minimal environmental impact of
development and its operations
10. Quality of Life
BENEFITS OF NEW URBANISM
1. BENEFITS TO RESIDENTS
 - Healthier lifestyle with more
walking and less stress
2. BENEFITS TO BUSINESS
- Increased sales because easier
access to residents
3. BENEFITS TO MUNICIPALITIES
- Less taxes spent on infrastructure
and utilities
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5b_CPTED
Crime Prevention Through Environmental
Design (“CPTED”)
- is the design, maintenance, and use
of the built environment in order to
enhance quality of life and to reduce
both the incidence and fear of crime.
CPTED INVOLVES THE BALANCED
APPLICATION OF THESE 5 PRINCIPLES:
Natural Surveillance
- is achieved through design and
maintenance that allow people
engaged in their normal activity
to easily observe the space around
them
- eliminating hiding places for people
engaged in criminal activity
Territoriality
- providing clear designation between
public, private, and semi-private
areas and makes it easier for people
to understand, and participate in, an
area’s intended use.
- communicates a sense of
active “ownership“
- The use of see-through screening,
low fencing, gates, signage, different
pavement textures, or other
landscaping elements
Access Control
- decreasing criminal accessibility
- Example: appropriate use of signage,
door and window locks, or fencing to
discourage unwanted access into
private space
Activity Support
- involves both passive and active
efforts to promote the presence of
responsible pedestrian users in a
given area
- Passive examples- make an area
appealing to appropriate pedestrian
use, such as attractive landscaping
- Active examples- involve scheduling
events for an area to attract
appropriate users, such as picnics
and concerts
Management and Maintenance
- Proper maintenance of landscaping,
lighting and other features
- Damaged fencing, overgrown
hedges, graffiti left to weather and
age, litter will attract would-be
offenders and, equally, drive away
responsible users of the space.
For CPTED principles to accomplish the goals
- activity support can be undermined if
a property is stripped bare of
landscaping in the interests of
natural surveillance alone.
- Installing a tall opaque wall or fence
will take the concept of territoriality
too far by undermining natural
surveillance benefits.
- Access control solutions that are
aggressive in appearance (such as
window bars, harsh lighting
treatments, or hostile-looking
fencing) can undermine activity
support.
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5c_TOD
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
- is the exciting fast growing trend in
creating vibrant, livable, sustainable
communities.
- The public has embraced the concept
across the nation as the most
desirable places to live, work, and
play.
- high demand for quality urban places
served by rail systems.
- solution to the serious and growing
problems of climate change and
global energy security by creating
dense, walkable communities That
greatly reduce the need for driving
and energy consumption. This type
of living arrangement can reduce
driving by up to 85%.
FACTORS DRIVING THE TREND TOWARD
TOD
- Rapidly growing, mind-numbing
traffic congestion nation-wide
- Growing desire for more walkable
lifestyles away from traffic
- Growing national support for Smart
Growth
COMPONENTS OF TRANSIT ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENT
- Walkable design with pedestrian as
the highest priority
- Train station as prominent feature of
town center
- Public square fronting train station
- A regional node containing a mixture
of uses in close proximity (office,
residential, retail, civic)
- Designed to include the easy use of
bicycles and scooters as daily support
transport
- Reduced and managed parking inside
10-minute walk circle around town
center / train station
- Specialized retail at stations serving
commuters and locals including
cafes, grocery, dry cleaners
BENEFITS OF TOD
- Higher quality of life with better
places to live, work, and play
- Greater mobility with ease of moving
around
- Increased transit ridership
- Reduced traffic congestion, car
accidents and injuries
➢ Transit investment has double the
economic benefit to a city than does
highway investment.
➢ Transit enhances the overall
economic efficiency of a city; denser
cities with less car use and more
transit use spend a lower proportion
of their gross regional product or
wealth on passenger transportation
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5d_TACTICAL
URBANISM
Tactical urbanism is an umbrella term used
to describe a collection of low-cost,
temporary changes to the built
environment, usually in cities, intended to
improve local neighborhoods and city
gathering places. Tactical Urbanism is also
commonly referred to as guerilla urbanism,
pop-up urbanism, city repair, or D.I.Y.
urbanism.
Tactical Urbanism leverages the creativity
and local knowledge of residents to provide
meaningful interventions with the greater
purpose of transforming the way their public
space is constructed and used
DIFFERENT KINDS OF TACTICAL URBAN
DESIGN STRATEGIES:
1.DEFAMILIARIZATION: Determine new
opportunities in taken-for-granted spaces of
the city
- Chair bombing- The act of removing
salvageable materials and using it to
build public seating. The chairs are
placed in areas that either are quiet
or lack comfortable places to sit.
- Open Streets- E.G -Summer Streets
in New York City, Park Avenue
Viaduct To temporarily provide safe
spaces for walking, bicycling, skating,
and social activities;
- PARK(ing) Day- An annual event
where on street parking is converted
into park-like spaces.
- Pop-up cafes- Pop-up cafes are
temporary patios or terraces built in
parking spots to provide overflow
seating for a nearby cafe or for
passersby.
2.REFAMILIARIZATION: Re-occupation of
estranged spaces in the city.
- Protected bike lanes- done by
placing potted plants or other
physical barriers to make painted
bike lanes feel safer.
- De-fencing- removing unnecessary
fences to break down barriers
between neighbors, beautify
communities, and encourage
community building.
- De-paving- removing unnecessary
pavement to transform driveways
and parking into green space so that
rainwater can be absorbed and
neighborhoods beautified.
 - Pop-up parks- temporarily or
permanently transform underused
spaces into community gathering
areas through beautification.
3.DECOMMODIFICATION: Emphasizing
of use values over exchange values in
urban space.
- Pavement to Plazas - Popularized in
New York City, pavement plazas
involve converting space on streets
to usable public space.
- Guerilla gardening- gardening on
land that the gardeners do not have
the legal rights to utilize, such as
abandoned sites, areas not being
cared for, or private property.
4.ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIES: recycling and
dedicating economies actions, stepped by
the everyday citizens.
- Better block initiatives- Temporarily
transforming retail streets using
cheap or donated materials
- Food carts/trucks- used to attract
people to underused public spaces
and offer small business
opportunities for entrepreneurs.
- Pop-up retail- temporary retail
stores that are set up in vacant stores
or property.
➢ progressive and self-directed action
toward many issues like general
livability, increasing social capital and
economic opportunity.
➢ to micro-scale tactics that include the
observance of recreation,
commerce, and arts. Streets are
considered the backbone and public
space's main reservoir, accordingly,
citizen-led urbanism's sprit
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5e_SOCIALLY-
RESTORATIVE URBANISM
SOCIALLY RESTORATIVE URBANISM seeks
to operate at the interface of human and
material realms, removing the duality
maintained by current disciplinary
categorization.
TWO MUTUALLY INTERDEPENDENT
CONCEPTS:
“Experiemics” – a participative process that
acts to redress imbalances in territorial
relationships
“Transitional edges” – a socio-spatial
concept of the urban habitat.
- awareness of mine, theirs, ours,
yours (MTOY).
- recognises the importance of social
gains as well as material changes
(Experiemics).
- define the interface between human
habitation and material form
(transitional edges).
MTOY relations are, therefore, the socio-
spatial building blocks of socially restorative
urbanism and tools with which new
understandings of human–environment
relationships can be articulated and related
to decision-making processes.
SRU wants to set agendas with innovative
ways of thinking about urban spatial
structure and social processes, especially
using a more people-centred approach to
into urban place making. Its uniqueness lies
in a focus on how social activity is intimately
connected with the If you died and had to
be reincarnated as a street, would you
prefer to be the one on above or
below?intimately connected with the
spaces where this takes place, and cross-
disciplinary development of theoretical and
practical principles of urban socially
sustainable design.
Sustainable living is fundamentally about
humanenvironment interactions yet their
holistic nature is inadequately understood
in mainstream practice. This limitation rests
in part on persistent disciplinary persistent
disciplinary boundaries and
overspecialisation that separates spatial,
social and ecological dimensions of urban
open space provision.
Excessively form dominant infrastructure
can inhibit expression of place occupation
beyond the confines of the private interior
space and so weaken the development of
common understanding necessary to
encourage and sustain the sense of
belonging and mutual cooperation
necessary to the embedding of community.
On the left, ubiquitous form-dominant
apartment block, Amsterdam; centre,
human-scale urban edge encouraging
temporary territorial occupation, Uppsala;
right, expression of mutual cooperation and
understanding, Dehli flower market.
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5f_SMART CITIES
SMART CITIES- municipality that uses
information and communication
technologies(ICT) to increase operational
efficiency, share information with the public
and improve both the quality of government
services and citizen welfare.
SEVERAL MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS ARE
USED TO DETERMINE A CITY'S SMARTNESS.
THESE CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE:
- a technology-based infrastructure;
- environmental initiatives;
- a high functioning public
transportation system;
- a confident sense of urban planning
and
- humans to live and work within the
city and utilize its resources.
A smart city's success depends on its ability
to form
- a strong relationship between the
government including its
bureaucracy and regulations and the
private sector.
- Surveillance equipment for busy
streets could include sensors from
one company, cameras from another
and a server from yet another.
Smart cities use a combination of the
internet of things (IoT) devices, software
solutions, user interfaces (UI) and
communication networks. However, they
rely first and foremost on the IoT.
Smart cities use a combination of the
internet of things (IoT) devices, software
solutions, user interfaces (UI) and
communication networks. However, they
rely first and foremost on the However, they
rely first and foremost on the IoT.
The IoT devices sometimes have processing
capabilities called edge computing. Edge
computing ensures that only the most
important and relevant information is
communicated over the communication
network.
A firewall security system is also necessary
for the protection, monitoring and control of
network traffic within a computing system.
Firewalls ensure that the data constantly
being transmitted within a smart city
network is secure by preventing any
unauthorized preventing any unauthorized
access to the IoT network or city data.
OTHER SMART CITY TECHNOLOGIES
INCLUDE:
- application programming interfaces
(APIs)
- artificial intelligence (AI)
- cloud computing
- Dashboards Dashboards
- machine learning (ML)
- machine to machine (M2M)
- mesh network
FEATURES OF A SMART CITY
- SMART PARKING METER uses an
application to help drivers find
available parking spaces without
prolonged circling of crowded city
blocks.
- ENERGY CONSERVATION- and
efficiency are major focuses of smart
cities. Using smart sensors, smart
streetlights dim when there aren't
cars or pedestrians on the roadways.
Smart grid technology can be used to
improve operations, maintenance
and planning, and to supply power on
demand and monitor energy
outages.
HOW A SMART CITY WORKS
Successful smart cities follow four steps:
1.Collection - Smart sensors throughout the
city gather data in real time.
2.Analysis - Data collected by the smart
sensors is assessed in order to draw
meaningful insights.
3.Communication - The insights that have
been found in the analysis phase are
communicated with decision makers building your home, driving
through strong communication networks. low-when building your
home, driving low-emission
4.Action - Cities use the insights pulled from
cars (carpooling and public
the data to create solutions, optimize
transportation are also
operations and asset management and
encouraged), and reducing
improve the quality of life for residents.
energy consumption.
EXISTING SMART CITIES: 2. They help educate the city around
- SINGAPORE which they are built
- DUBAI o Whether it’s learning about
- OSLO, NORWAY composting, how to use less
- COPENHAGEN, DENMARK electricity, or how to use less
- BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS electricity, or how to work
- AMSTERDAM with local governments for
help with sustainability, these
communities educate the
ARPLAN 2 MODULE 5g_SUSTAINABLE
public by leading by example.
COMMUNITIES
3. They promote the community as a
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY- manages whole
its human, natural, and financial capital o In sustainable communities,
to meet current needs while ensuring needs the community as a whole
while ensuring that adequate resources are works toward a greener
available for future generations. neighborhood, toward a
greener neighborhood,
Sustainable communities can be described
forcing neighbors to interact
as places where:
with each other.
- the needs of everyone in the 4. They offer an economic advantage to
community are met and people feel cities in recession
safe, healthy and ultimately happy o environmentally conscious
- our economy is vibrant, employment activities, such as
opportunities are improved and our rejuvenating areas that have
working lives are more rewarding fallen into disrepair (rather
than building on new land).
Creating a Sustainable
5. They promote change at the
Society/Communities involves:
governmental level
Protecting and Enhancing the Environment o Once the government begins
to notice government begins
- use energy, water and other natural
to notice the benefits these
resources efficiently and with care
communities have for
- value and protect the diversity of
residents, they begin to push
nature
for change throughout the
Meeting Social Needs city.

- create and enhance places, spaces EXISTING SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES

and buildings which work well, wear
- VANCOUVER, CANADA
well and look good
- STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
- protect human health and amenity
- SINGAPORE
through safe, clean and pleasant
- SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
environments
5 Ways Sustainable Communities Are
Becoming More Popular
1. They help protect the environment
o using sustainable or
renewable materials when