Received: 22 January 2020

DOI: 10.1049/mia2.12125
- -Revised: 15 February 2021

O R I G I N A L R E S E A R C H PA P E R
Accepted: 11 March 2021

- IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

Meander‐line‐loaded circularly polarized square‐slot antenna

with inverted‐L‐shaped feed line for C‐band applications

Manas Midya1 | Anumoy Ghosh2 | Monojit Mitra1

1
Department of Electronics & Tele‐communication
Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science
and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal,
India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Aizawl, Mizoram, India
Correspondence
Manas Midya, Department of Electronics & Tele‐
communication Engineering, Indian Institute of
Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, West
Bengal, India.
Email: letsmanas@gmail.com
Funding information
Ministry of Human Resource Development
(MHRD), Government of India
Abstract
A compact broadband circularly polarized square‐slot antenna based on an offset‐fed
inverted‐L‐shaped microstrip feed line is proposed. A rectangular slot beneath the feed
line and an inverted‐L‐shaped grounded strip on the left bottom corner of the wide
square slot produce dual‐wideband circular polarization (CP) coverage in a compact size.
Meander lines with a square slot loaded at the right bottom corner of the ground plane
result in broadband CP through overlapping of the dual‐wideband axial ratio (AR)
bandwidths. The magnitude and phase differences between two field components can be
controlled effectively with proper tuning of the square slot dimensions (4.5 � 4.5 mm2),
which is helpful for broadening AR bandwidth over the C‐band by minimizing AR values
(≤3 dB). The overall dimensions of the prototype are only 26 � 26 � 1.6 mm3. The
antenna prototype has been validated experimentally. The measured results indicate an
impedance bandwidth of 104% (3.56–11.22 GHz) and a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 76%
(3.90–8.72 GHz). A peak gain of 3.4–4.42 dBi is achieved within the AR bandwidth. The
proposed antenna is suitable for CP applications in the C‐band.

1 | INTRODUCTION bandwidth within the impedance bandwidth (IBW), in the

Broadband antennas are desirable in industry because they
provide high data rates and encompass a wide range of potential
application bands. The planar geometry of such antennas has the
advantages of a low profile, low cost, light weight, and simple
structure under the constraint of linear polarization. This be-
comes a hindrance in practical wireless systems, where polari-
zation rotation of waves is frequently encountered for which the
orientation of the transceiver systems should be polarization
matched. Circular polarization (CP) antennas mitigate this effect
[1] and have proven to be highly robust in varied electromag-
netic environments. Thus, BBCP technology provides the
advantage of both features when their incorporation is required
in an antenna. Despite the low AR bandwidth of traditional
microstrip antennas, relatively few articles have been published
in the literature about wide AR bandwidth. Approaches noted in
those works have included exciting a triangular or rectangular
monopole antenna using asymmetry feeding [2–4] and intro-
ducing a parasitic element in the antenna structure with a
grounded stub or grounded slot [5, 6]. Although this printed
monopole antenna design method can offer an optimum AR
recent past, the wide slot antenna has provided a palpable
broadband CP (BBCP) antenna design due to its low Q‐value.
A coplanar waveguide‐fed meander‐line‐loaded corrugated‐
slot structure was proposed to produce CP [7]. By opening the
lower left part of the square slot, BBCP performance has been
achieved [8]. An L‐shaped radiator or a wide slot is also gaining
attention in achieving BBCP [9–14]. Protruding numbers of
inverted‐L grounded strips in the opposite corners or the same
corner of the square slot are reported in [11–14] for wide AR
bandwidths, which can be further elevated by engraving the
square or spiral slots. Despite the many advantages of the single‐
feed antenna, dual feeding continues to be developed for the
design of wideband CP antennas [15, 16]. A proximity feeding
technique is introduced in [17] to achieve broadband CP. As
regards AR bandwidth compact antennas compatible with small
wireless systems, only a few miniaturized wide slot antennas
using microstrip feeding have been addressed in the open liter-
ature [18–21]. However, these antennas are unable to cover the
entire C‐band for CP applications.
Herein, a microstrip‐fed meander‐line‐loaded square‐slot
antenna is proposed and investigated. CP is created by exciting

-
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
© 2021 The Authors. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 2021;15:1425–1431. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mia2 1425

 17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
1426
- MIDYA ET AL.

TABLE 1 Comparison between the proposed antenna and similar antennas in the literature

Ref. Antenna Size (mm2), λ02 Impedance Bandwidth (GHz), % AR Bandwidth (GHz), % Max. Gain Var. in CP Band (dB)
[7] 70 � 70, 0.11 1.33–1.58, 17.1 1.36–1.54, 12.4 2.8

[9] 100 � 100, 0.65 2.21–3.42, 43 2.20–2.62, 17 —

[10] 54 � 54, 0.46 1.78–5.64, 104 2.58–5.21, 58.6 0.8

[11] 25 � 25, 0.19 2.76–14.82, 137.2 4.27–6.13, 35.7 0.2

[12] 40 � 40, 0.91 5.02–10.84, 73.4 5.07–9.22, 58.1 2.1

[13] 60 � 60, 0.14 1.17–2.25, 63.2 1.55–2.25, 36.8 2.6

[14] 20 � 20, 0.30 3.4–12, 111 5.86–10.45, 56 2.0

[15] 60 � 60, 0.33 2–4.76, 81.65 2–3.7, 59.65 2.5

[16] 25 � 25, 0.26 3.15–7.75, 84.4 5.12–7.15, 33 2.06

[18] 20 � 20, 0.13 4.30–8.00, 60 4.30–6.50, 40.7 1.5

[19] 28 � 28, 0.27 3.25–8.00, 84.4 4.40–6.67, 41.3 1.1

[20] 25 � 25, 0.23 3.5–9.25, 90.2 4.6–6.9, 40 3.7

[21] 30 � 30, 0.27 2.9–7.9, 92.6 3–7.3, 83.5 5.0

Prop. 26 � 26, 0.29 3.56–11.22, 104 3.90–8.72,76 1.02

Note: In λ0, free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the CP band
Abbreviations: AR, axial ratio; CP, circular polarization.

an offset‐fed inverted‐L‐shaped radiator. A perturbation tech-
nique is adopted in the ground plane to improve the operational
bandwidths and induce another CP mode at lower resonant
frequency. Meanwhile, a square slot (Sl � Sw) is employed at the
right bottom corner of the ground plane to achieve BBCP over a
wide bandwidth by merging the CP bands. The experimental
verification shows that the proposed antenna operates well for
CP application throughout the entire C‐band. Table 1 highlights
that in case of BBCP antenna, the proposed structure is the best
candidate in terms of compactness, broad IBW and AR band-
width. These advantages of the proposed antenna demonstrate
its novelty in the domain of BBCP antennas.
can create new paths for current rotation that lead to consid-
erable widening of AR bandwidth of the antenna. The detailed
steps of evolution of the antenna structure (Figure 2) are out-
lined in the following section.
2.2 | Steps to realize proposed antenna
The square slot in the ground plane of size S � S is excited by a
basic microstrip‐line‐fed signal strip with a length of l1 + l2 to
its fundamental resonant mode in Ant.0. The fundamental
resonance frequency of the square slot is related to the slot
dimension as defined by Equation (1):

2 | ANTENNA DESIGN PROCEDURE rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi

c 2
fr ¼ ð1Þ
2.1 | Antenna geometry 2S 1 þ εr

The geometrical configuration of the designed square‐slot an-
tenna is exhibited in Figure 1. The proposed antenna is printed
on 26 � 26 mm2 RT/duroid 5880 substrate with εr = 2.2 and
h = 1.6 mm. A top view of the upper side patch and bottom
ground plane of the antenna, designed using a high‐frequency
structure simulator (HFSS v.19), is shown in Figure 1(a,b).
Figure 1(a) shows the upper side of the substrate, which is
considered the feeding plane of the designed antenna. This
plane consists of a 50 Ω microstrip feed line placed asymmet-
rically by displacing it along the +X direction with respect to the
centre of the inverted‐L‐shaped radiator [9]. Figure 1(b) shows
the bottom side of the substrate where two meander lines have
been loaded in the fundamental slot of the antenna ground plane
along with a square slot (Sw � Sl). These efficient modifications
where ‘c’ is the light velocity and ‘S’ is the length of the square
slot. The upper section of the signal strip line (L2) is widened
to improve the impedance matching of the antenna. Because
the length (L2) and width (W2‐W1) of the signal strip have a
great influence on the impedance matching performance of the
antenna, this can be referred as a tuning stub. Ant.0 exhibits
two resonating points at 4.3 and 6.5 GHz, which are obtained
by the two fundamental modes generated by the feed structure
and square slot, respectively. Being a conventional slot antenna
structure, it exhibits LP at both resonances.
Asymmetry feeding in Ant.1 excites two orthogonal currents
with 90° phase difference at higher frequency, thus generating a
CP mode at 9.5 GHz. Because the IBW and AR bandwidth are
non‐overlapping, a rectangular strip (W1 � l3) is added in Ant.2

MIDYA ET AL.
F I G U R E 1 Geometry of the proposed antenna
(a) upper patch and (b) lower ground plane (l1 = 4,
l2 = 14, l3 = 5.25, l4 = 3.5, l5 = 7, l6 = 2.5, l7 = 2.5,
W1 = 5.25, W2 = 12.75, W3 = 0.75, W4 = 1,
W5 = 1, g1 = 0.5, Sl = 4.5, SW = 4.5, fW = 2.5,
S = 18, L = 26, and W = 26) (unit: millimetres)
FIGURE 2 Design evaluation steps
to the perpendicular direction along the feed line structure at the
top right side. As a result, the reverse‐L‐shaped radiator breaks
the uniformity of the electric current distribution on the radiator,
which produces X and Y‐directed E‐fields (EX,EY) in the far‐
field region. These orthogonal field vectors will produce CP
mode due to their equal amplitudes with 90° phase difference
obtained by adjusting the length of the horizontal radiator, which
results in exhibiting a wide AR bandwidth from 6.47–8.17 GHz.
As evident from Figure 3(a), the impedance matching of the
antenna deteriorates because of inductance loading in the an-
tenna structure. To further improve impedance matching and
AR bandwidth, a simple inverted‐L‐shaped grounded strip is
placed at the lower left corner of the square slot in Ant.3. By
properly choosing the dimensions of the protruded grounded
strip, not only coupling with the feed line is increased to attain
wide IBW, but also the current path at the periphery of the
square slot is altered, which introduces a new CP mode at 5 GHz.
Although the antenna has produced wide IBW by combining the
17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
- 1427
lower and upper bands, which is shifted to lower frequency by
perturbing the magnetic currents in the slot, the two AR band-
widths are incapable of merger.
Owing to the limited space of the antenna, two meander
lines have been loaded on the ground plane, resulting in
lowering the CP bands by prolonging the current path of the
antenna. Apart from that, a new CP mode is excited at 8.25
GHz due to orthogonal resonant modes produced by the
meander line. By properly choosing the dimensions and posi-
tion of the meander line, the newly generated CP mode is
combined with the upper CP band of Ant.3 and produces wide
AR bandwidths from 3.95–5.64 GHz and 6.08–8.49 GHz in
Ant.4. Finally, a square‐shaped slot (Sw � Sl) is incorporated in
the ground plane acting as perturbation can redistribute the
magnetic current distributions in the slot ground plane. As a
result of this modification, the AR bandwidths are coupled,
and a broad AR bandwidth (3.92–8.76 GHz) is accomplished
within the IBW of the antenna.

1428
- MIDYA
FIGURE 3 Simulated results for Ants. 0–5 (a) S11, (b) axial ratio, (c) amplitude ratio (|EX/EY|), and (d) Phase Difference (PD)
2.3 | Effects of the signal and corner
inverted‐L‐strip lengths
Some critical parameters of the antenna (W1 and l6) are chosen
here to demonstrate their effects on the IBW and AR bandwidth
of the antenna. Figure 4(a) illustrates that the horizontal length
of the upper section of the radiator (W1) has almost no effect on
IBW of the antenna. However, with the increase of W1, AR
bandwidth of the antenna is shifted to left and AR values are
improved at lower frequencies. Because of the addition of the
horizontal part of the radiator, the magnitude of the electric
field (EX) in this direction is improved, which helps balance the
EX/EY ratio close to 0 dB with 90° phase difference and keep the
AR ≤ 3 dB from 3.92–8.76 GHz at W1 = 5.25 mm.
Therefore, variation of length W1 has a significant influ-
ence on the AR values of the antenna.
Figure 4(b) shows that variation of the gap between the
radiator and the grounded‐L strip, by varying the value of l6,
can control their coupling. Because of the variation of l6, the
IBW is deteriorated in the higher frequency range. But with the
increase of l6, the lower CP mode of the antenna is shifted to
lower frequency, while the AR values are more than 3 dB at
5.5 GHz. The optimal value of l6 = 2.5 mm is chosen for the
broad AR bandwidth within the IBW of the antenna.
17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
ET AL.
2.4 | Analysis of current distribution
Surface current distributions at 5 and 7.5 GHz are presented
in Figure 5(a)(b), respectively, for ωt = 0° and 90° to
elucidate the behaviour of rotational current on the antenna
surface. It is observed that for each 90° phase change, the
direction of summation of the predominant current density
changes from nearly (+X,−Y)/sqrt(2) to (−X,−Y)/sqrt(2) at
5 GHz. At 7.5 GHz, the orientation changes from (+X,
+Y)/sqrt(2) to (+X,−Y)/sqrt(2), thus confirming left‐hand
CP because the rotation of the surface current is observed
from the +Z direction. It should be noted that the pre-
dominant current direction is chosen by accounting for the
cancelation effect of oppositely flowing currents in some
directions.
3 | EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
The fabricated prototype of the proposed BBCP (referred to in
Figure 1) is shown in Figure 6. A comparison of the simulated
and measured S11, AR, and gain is depicted in Figure 7(a)(b)
and indicates close similarity with minor deviations due to
rough welded joints in the prototype. Furthermore, the use of
 17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
MIDYA ET AL.
- 1429

FIGURE 4 Simulated S11 and axial ratio for different values of (a) W1 and (b) l6

FIGURE 5 Proposed antenna surface currents at (a) 5 GHz and (b) 7.5 GHz
adapters while connecting the VNA cable to the antenna port
contributes to some mismatch that accounts for minor de-
viations in the measured S11 plot.
The simulated and measured IBWs are 106% centred at
7.29 GHz (3.43–11.14 GHz) and 104% centred at 7.39 GHz
(3.56–11.22 GHz), respectively, whereas the simulated and
measured 3 dB AR bandwidths are 4.84 GHz centred at
6.34 GHz (3.92–8.76 GHz) and 4.82 GHz centred at 6.31 GHz
(3.90–8.72 GHz), respectively. Figure 7(b) illustrates that within
the AR bandwidth, the maximum measured gain in the bore-
sight direction of the antenna is 4.42 dB observed at
6 GHz. The maximum radiation efficiency of the proposed
FIGURE 6 Fabricated prototype (a) top view and (b) bottom view antenna is 86%.
 17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
1430
- MIDYA ET AL.

FIGURE 7 Simulated and experimental results (a) S11 and (b) axial ratio and gain

FIGURE 8 Normalized radiation patterns in XZ and YZ plane at (a) 5.2 GHz, (b) 6.5 GHz, and (c) 8.3 GHz

The simulated and measured normalized radiation pattern
of the proposed antenna is illustrated in Figure 8 at three
different frequencies: 5, 6.5, and 8.3 GHz. The radiation pat-
terns of the antenna are observed in the XZ and YZ planes to
determine LHCP/RHCP behaviour in the principal directions
of radiation. A slight tilt in radiation patterns is observed due
to the asymmetric design of the structure.
To discuss the novelty and advancement with respect to
previously published materials, a comparison is made in Ta-
ble 1. This table compares the proposed structure with pre-
viously reported BBCP antennas in terms of size, IBW, AR
bandwidth, and maximum gain variation within the CP band.
From the table, it can be seen that the proposed antenna
achieves 104% IBW and 76% AR bandwidth, thereby indi-
cating that more than 73% of the entire IBW is providing CP
radiation that is significantly higher than the reported struc-
tures, which have above 100% IBW [10, 11, 14]. Hence, the
proposed technique addresses the issue of the inability to
achieve high AR bandwidth within a wide IBW region of more
than 100%. Furthermore, the gain fluctuation is limited to
1.02 dB within the entire AR bandwidth of the proposed an-
tenna, which is noticeably lower than the structures discussed
in the literature having comparable AR bandwidths [17, 21].
This characteristic is of particular interest because it is desirable

MIDYA ET AL.
for practical wireless applications that an antenna with wide CP
bandwidth should have fairly constant gain throughout the
entire AR bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed antenna design
is the best trade‐off while still accounting for the aspect of size
and performance parameters that include IBW, AR bandwidth,
and gain variation within the AR bandwidth, thus proving it to
be the most viable potential candidate in practical wideband
CP applications.
4 | CONCLUSION
A broadband circularly polarized low‐profile meander‐line‐
loaded square‐slot antenna with inverted‐L‐shaped grounded
strip has been proposed. By protruding the inverted‐L‐
grounded strip in the lower left corner of the square slot, dual‐
band CP can be excited successfully with broad IBW. To ach-
ieve BBCP performance, the right lower corner of the square
slot is modified by incorporating meander lines and an SW � Sl
square slot. Using these modifications, the CP modes are tuned
sufficiently close to realize BBCP from 3.90–8.72 GHZ
(AR ≤ 3 dB) within the operating bandwidth. The proposed
antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the simulation
results. The measured results assure that the designed antenna
operates well for CP operation over the entire C‐band.
ACKNO W L E DG EMEN T S
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers,
associate editor, and editor for their constructive comments
and suggestions.The work was supported by Ministry of Hu-
man Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India.
ORCI D
Manas Midya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-9512
R EFE REN CE S
1. Gao, S., Luo, Q., Zhu, F.: Circularly Polarized Antennas. Wiley‐IEEE
Press, New York, Nov (2013)
2. Panahi, A., et al.: A printed triangular monopole with wideband circular
polarization. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 63(1), 415–418 (2015)
3. Wu, J.‐W., et al.: Microstrip‐fed broadband circularly polarised monopole
antenna. IET Microw, Antennas Propag. 4(4), 518–525 (2010)
4. Thomas, K.G., Praveen, G.: A novel wideband circularly polarized
printed antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 60(12), 5564–5570
(2012)
5. Ding, K., et al.: Broadband C‐shaped circularly polarized monopole
antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 63(2), 785–790 (2015)
17518733, 2021, 11, Downloaded from https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12125, Wiley Online Library on [07/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
- 1431
6. Midya, M., Bhattacharjee, S., Mitra, M.: Broadband circularly polarized
planar monopole antenna with G‐shaped parasitic strip. Antennas Wirel.
Propag. Lett. 18(4), 581–585 (2019)
7. Chen, C.H., Yung, E.K.N., Hu, B.J.: Miniaturised CPW‐fed circularly
polarised corrugated slot antenna with meander line loaded. Electron
Lett. 43(25), 1404–1405 (2007)
8. Jan, J.‐Y., et al.: Broadband CPW‐fed circularly‐polarized slot antenna with
an open slot. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 61(3), 1418–1422 (2013)
9. Chen, Y.B., et al.: CPW‐fed broadband circularly polarised square slot
antenna. Electron Lett. 42(19), 1074–1075 (2006)
10. Li, G., et al.: CPW‐fed S‐shaped slot antenna for broadband circular
polarization. Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 12, 619–622 (2013)
11. Shokri, M., et al.: Miniaturised ultra‐wideband circularly polarised antenna
with modified ground plane. Electron Lett. 50(24), 1786–1788 (2014)
12. Midya, M., Bhattacharjee, S., Mitra, M.: Pair of grounded L strips loaded
broadband circularly polarised square slot antenna with enhanced axial
ratio bandwidth. Electron Lett. 54(15), 917–918 (2018)
13. Luo, K., et al.: Miniaturised design of coplanar waveguide‐fed broadband
circularly polarised slot antenna. IET Microw, Antennas Propag. 9(11),
1200–1204 (2015)
14. Sadeghi, P., Nourinia, J., Ghobadi, C.: Square slot antenna with two spiral
slots loaded for broadband circular polarisation. Electron Lett. 52(10),
787–788 (2016)
15. Saini, R.K., Dwari, S.: A broadband dual circularly polarized square slot
antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 64(1), 290–294 (2016)
16. Kumar, A., Deegwal, J.K., Sharma, M.M.: Miniaturised wideband dual
linearly and circularly polarized printed square slot antenna for multiradio
wireless systems. Int. J. Electron. Commun. 88, 44–51 (2018)
17. Le, T.T., Tran, H.H., Park, H.C.: Simple‐structured dual‐slot broadband
circularly polarized antenna. Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 17(3), 476–
479 (2018)
18. Mohammadi, S., et al.: Compact broadband circularly polarized slot an-
tenna using two linked elliptical slots for C‐band applications. Antennas
Wirel. Propag. Lett. 12, 1094–1097 (2013)
19. Nosrati, M., Tavassolian, N.: Miniaturised circularly polarized square slot
antenna with enhanced axial‐ratio bandwidth using an antipodal Y‐strip.
Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 817–820 (2017)
20. Ellis, M.S., et al.: A novel simple and compact microstrip‐fed circularly
polarized wide slot antenna with wide axial ratio bandwidth for C‐Band
applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 64(4), 1552–1555 (2016)
21. Gyasi, K.O., et al.: A compact broadband circularly polarized slot antenna
with two linked rectangular slots and an inverted‐F feed line. IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag. 66(12), 7374–7377 (2018)
How to cite this article: Midya, M., Ghosh, A., Mitra,
M.: Meander‐line‐loaded circularly polarized square‐slot
antenna with inverted‐L‐shaped feed line for C‐band
applications. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 15(11),
1425–1431 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.
12125