S.no.

Particular
1. How to create a pivot table
2. How to analysis data using Goal Seek and Solver
3. How to create a Scenario summary report
4. How to validate and Audit data
5. How to Set, edit validation criteria for data entry in a cell range like:
whole number, decimal, list,
date, time
6. How create applications in Spreadsheet and Macros
7. How to create column chart
8. How to create bar chart
9. How to create Line chart
10. How to create pie chart
11. How to create combined charts like: column and line, column and area

12. How to display an Image chart in chart area

1
 How to create a pivot table

When you have a lot of data, it can sometimes be difficult to analyze all of the information in
your worksheet. PivotTables can help make your worksheets more manageable
by summarizing your data and allowing you to manipulate it in different ways. Consider
the example below. Let's say we wanted to answer the question What is the amount sold by
each salesperson? Answering it could be time consuming and difficult; each salesperson
appears on multiple rows, and we would need to total all of their different orders individually.
We could use the Subtotal command to help find the total for each salesperson, but we would
still have a lot of data to work with.

Fortunately, a PivotTable can instantly calculate and summarize the data in a way that will
make it much easier

To create a PivotTable:
1. Select the table or cells (including column headers) you want to
include in your PivotTable.

2
2. From the Insert tab, click the PivotTable command.

3. The Create PivotTable dialog box will appear. Choose your

settings, then click OK. In our example, we'll use Table1 as our source
data and place the PivotTable on a new worksheet.

3
4. A blank PivotTable and Field List will appear on a new
worksheet.

5. Once you create a PivotTable, you'll need to decide which fields to

add. Each field is simply a column header from the source data. In
the PivotTable Field List, check the box for each field you want to add.
In our example, we want to know the total amount sold by
each salesperson, so we'll check
the Salesperson and Order Amount fields.

6. The selected fields will be added to one of the four areas below. In
our example, the Salesperson field has been added to the Rows area,

4
while Order Amount has been added to Values. Alternatively, you
can drag and drop fields directly into the desired area.

7. The PivotTable will calculate and summarize the selected fields. In

our example, the PivotTable shows the amount sold by each
salesperson.

5
 How to analysis data using Goal Seek and Solver
Goal Seek

Goal Seek is a What-If Analysis tool that helps you to find the input value that results in a target
value that you want. Goal Seek requires a formula that uses the input value to give the result in
the target value. Then, by varying the formula's input value, Goal Seek tries to solve the input
value.

Step 1: On the Data tab, go What-If Analysis and click on the Goal Seek option.

Step 2: The Goal Seek dialog box appears.

Step 3: Type C9 in the Set cell box. This box is the reference for the cell that contains the
formula that you want to resolve.

Step 4: Type 57000 in the To value box. Here, you get the formula result.

Step 5: Type B9 in the By changing cell box. This box has the reference of the cell that contains
the value you want to adjust.

Step 6: This cell that the formula must reference goal Seek changes in the cell that you specified
in the Set cell box. Click Ok.

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Step 7: Goal Seek box produces the following result.

As you can observe, Goal Seek found the solution using B9, and it returns 0 in the B9 cell
because the target value and current value are the same.

Solver
A solver is a mathematical tool present in MS-Excel that is used to perform calculations by
working under some constraints/conditions and then calculates the solution for the problem
Solver is present in MS- Excel but for using it we need to activate it. For activating the solver
tool we need to do the following steps:
Step 1: Go to File and select options. The following dialog box will appear.

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Step 2: Now select the Add-ins option and click on Go and finally click on OK.

Step 3: After clicking OK, Select Solver Add-in and press OK. Now solver will be activated
in Excel.

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Step 4: Now solver will appear in data section like this.

Example:
We went to a mall and we also have a gift voucher worth rs.10,000 and We want to purchase
items in such a manner that all the money of the gift voucher gets utilized.
So, suppose we purchased the following items.

.Step 1: Firstly go on data and find solver there and click it. The following dialog box will
appear. Now in this, we have to select the objective in which we want to change our value.

9
Step 2: In the set objective we have to select the total of the D column because want the value
to change from 9300 to 10,000. After clicking on D7 following thing will be displayed on the
set objective block.

Step 3: Now in the ‘By changing Variable cell’ we will select the Quantity cell because we
want to change the quantity in such a way so that the total amount comes to 10,000.

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Step 4: Now we have to set some conditions under which we want our work to get done. So
for setting some conditions /constraints, we will click on Add.

Step 5– Now, a dialog box will appear and we will add 3 conditions. The first condition is that
the total amount should be equal to the voucher amount. So we will select cell D7 in a cell
reference and then = sign, and finally, we will select cell C11. Now the first condition is ad ded.
To add the next condition press Add.

Step 6: For the second condition we will select the Quantity cell because we want the quantity
to be an integer value, a whole value. So in cell reference, we will select from B2 to B6
then int, and then again will press Add.

Step 7- Now for the third condition, we want that our item quantity should never be un
negative which is not possible in real life. So we will select cells from B2 to B6 and should be
>= to zero. Then click Add and cancel.

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Step 8: Now the following dialog box will show all the 3 conditions that we used and now
click on Solve.

Step 9: By clicking Solve the solver will provide the desired output and to keep the answer we
will click on keep solver solution.

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 How to create a Scenario summary report
Scenario Manager is one of the What-if Analysis tools in Excel. Scenario Manager is useful in a
case where you have more than two variables in the sensitivity analysis. Scenario Manager
creates scenarios for each set of the input values for the variables under consideration. Scenarios
help you to explore a set of possible outcomes, supporting the following:

o Varying as many as 32 input sets.

o Merging the scenarios from several different worksheets or workbooks.

If you want to analyze more than 32 input sets, and the values represent only one or two
variables, you can use Data Tables.

Initial Values for Scenarios

Before you create several different scenarios, you need to define a set of initial values on which
the scenarios will be based. Consider an example of a company that wants to buy Metals for their
needs. Due to the scarcity of funds, the company wants to understand how much cost will happen
for different buying possibilities.

Step 1: Define the cells that contain the input values.

Step 2: Name the cells Metals_name and Cost.

Step 3: Define the cells that contain the results.

Step 4: Name the result cell Total_cost.

Step 5: place the formula in the result cell.

Step 6: Below is the created table.

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To create an analysis report with Scenario Manager, follow the following steps, such as:

Step 1: Click the Data tab.

Step2: Go to the What-If Analysis button and click on the Scenario Manager from the
dropdown list.

Step 3: Now a scenario manager dialog box appears, click on the Add button to create a
scenario.

Step 4: Create the scenario, name the scenario, enter the value for each changing input cell for
that scenario, and then click the Ok button.

14
Step 5: Now, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7 appear in the cells box.

Step 6: Now, change the value of B3to 500 and click the Add button.

Step 7: After clicking on the Add button, the add scenario dialog box appears again.

o In the scenario name box, create scenario 2.

o Select the prevent changes.
o And click on the Ok

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Step 8: Again appears scenario values box with the changed value of B3 cell.

Step 9: Change the value of B5 to 20000 and click the Ok button.

Step 10: Similarly, create Scenario 3 and click the Ok button.

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Step 11: Again, appears scenario values box with a changed value of the B5 cell.

Step 12: Change the value of B7 to 10000 and click the Ok button.

The Scenario Manager Dialog box appears. In the box under Scenarios, You will find the names
of all the scenarios that you have created.

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Step 13: Now, click on the Summary button. The Scenario Summary dialog box appears.

Excel provides two types of Scenario Summary reports:

1. Scenario summary.
2. Scenario PivotTable report.

Step 14: Select Scenario summary under Report type and click Ok. Scenario Summary report
appears in a new worksheet. You will get the following Scenario summary report.

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 How to Validate and Audit data

Formula Auditing in Excel

The Formula Auditing is one of the most useful tools in Excel any entrepreneur or employee can
use, especially while dealing with large volumes of data. Sometimes you are only given
completed Excel worksheets on which you need to put extra analysis. Many times, it becomes
difficult to notice all of the functions that are present in a file. When you land up with this
situation, always use the Excel inbuilt Formula Audit toolbar.

What is Formula Auditing?

"Formula auditing is an essential tool in Excel that enables users to show the relationship
between formulas and cells."

The output of Formula Auditing is presented graphically by arrow lines, thereby making the
entire formula visualization effortless. It allows the user to show all the formulas in the active
worksheet with a single command. In case your formulas are further referring to cells present in
a different workbook, it also opens that workbook.

Following are the different ways using which you can audit a formula:

1. Trace Precedents
2. Trace Dependents
3. Remove Arrows
4. Show Formulas
5. Error Checking

.#1. Trace Precedents

Trace Precedents displays tracer arrows from the cells showing the direction of information
flow. You see a blue box around the cells when this method is active. However, one can press
this button multiple times to catch additional levels.Though it is simple and easy, we have a more
suitable method to check precedents for the formula cell.

19
Following are the steps to use Trace Precedents in your Excel worksheet:

1. Select the formula cell.

2. Go Formula option in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the Trace Precedents option.

NOTE: If there occur no trace precedents in the cell, Excel will throw an error message.

3. As a result, you will see an arrow as shown below.

In the above image, the precedent cells are shown with blue dots.

#2. Trace Dependents Function

This function lets the user see all the formulas in which a particular cell is used. For instance,
let's say you have a value used in multiple formulas in your Excel worksheet. In that case, you
select the formula cell, click on the Trace Dependents option, and all formula cells where that
same value is used will be displayed in blue with colored arrows pointing from that cell to the
formulas wherever it is used.

In the example below, we have calculated the 10% interest for the base amount and the GST
amount.

20
Here we have used the formula =A4*E2 for the first cell and =C4*E2 for the second cell.
Therefore, we can conclude that E2 is a dependent cell for the cells A4 and C4. Following are the
steps to use Trace Dependents function for the cell E2 in your Excel worksheet:

1. Select the dependent cell E2.

2. Go Formula option in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the Trace Dependents option.

3. As a result, you will see a two-headed arrow appearing from E2 to A4 and E2 to C4,
showing A4 and C4 are dependent on E2.

Later, if you want to get rid of these arrows, you can use the Remove Arrows option
available in the same section.

#3. Remove Arrows

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In the above two options, we covered Trace Precedent and Trace Dependent. Using both
methods, we have displayed tracer arrows from the cells showing the direction of information
flow. But what if we want to remove the arrows afterward?

Don't worry; Excel has provided an inbuilt option in the Formula Auditing section to remove the
arrow quickly. Following are the steps to remove the arrows from the cell E2 in your Excel
worksheet:

1. Go to the Formula tab in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the Remove Arrow option.

2. As a result, all the arrows from the active Excel worksheet will disappear.

Note - If you want to trace dependents of a cell, make sure a formula should reference the cell in
another cell; else, it will throw an error message.

#4. Showing Formulas

When you are working on an Excel worksheet that carries multiple formulas, you often need to
check the formulas to ensure things are working smoothly. Excel has provided the Show
Formula option in the formula auditing section to quickly display all the available formulas in
your active worksheet. Sounds great, isn't it!

The worksheet below contains the GST report and 10% interest figure for our base amount.

22
Here we have entered the formula in three of the cells. Following are the steps to display all the
cells containing formulas in your active Excel worksheet:

1. Go to the Formula tab in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the Show Formulas option.

2. All the Formulas in the active worksheet will be displayed, so that at once you will get to
know which cells contain formulas and what the formulas are.
Refer to the below image to see all the formulas.

#5. Evaluating a Formula

Sometimes you are given a pre-made worksheet wherein complex formulas are used. To uncover
the step-by-step working of a complex formula, you can utilize the Excel Evaluate Formula
command.

Let's suppose we have incorporated the NPV formula in cell E4. To Evaluate the formula, follow
the below-given steps:

23
Click on the formula cell i.e., E4.

o Go to the Formula tab in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the Evaluate Formula option.

o The Evaluate Formula dialog box will be displayed. In the Evaluate Formula dialog
window, the formula used in the specified cell is displayed in the box under Evaluation.

24
 o Next, click on the Evaluate button many times. It will enable Excel to give you a step-
by-step evaluation of the formula. It will show the result of the underlined expression.

o When you get the final output, and there will be no more expressions to evaluate, you
will notice that the Evaluate button will be changed into the Restart, signifying the
completion of the evaluation.

Error Checking

Errors are common when we deal with functions and formulas. Therefore, evaluating a formula
is essential as it checks the specified formula or function error. It is a good practice to check all
the errors in your worksheet once all the calculations are done.

Let's understand the same using a simple calculation.

As you can see the above calculation has computed an error #NAME? in the cell E4. Following
are the steps to check errors that occurs in your Excel worksheet using the Error checking
method:

25
1. Click on the error cell i.e., E4.

2. Go to the Formula tab in Excel ribbon tab. In the "Formula Auditing" group click on
the arrow next to Error Checking option.

3. In the drop-down list, you will notice three options, i.e., Error-checking, Trace errors,
and Circular References. In our case, as you see, the third option is deactivated,
representing that the Excel workbook contains no circular references.

26
4. Select the Trace Error option from the drop-down menu.

5. The cells required to compute the active cell are represented by blue arrows.

6. Click on Remove Arrows. Again, click on the drop-down arrow next to Error Checking
option. From the drop-down list select the Error Checking option.

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 7. The Error Checking window will be displayed.

Features of Formula Auditing

Below given are significant features of Formula Auditing:

o Formula Auditing allows easy Auditing of formula dependents and precedents, including
object dependencies (charts, pivot tables, pivot charts, form controls, formula validation,
etc)
o Formula Auditing quickly helps the user to find if them occurs any circular references in
their Excel worksheet.
o It quickly helps to trace the errors.

Data Validation
What is Data Validation?

Data Validation is an essential Excel feature that helps control or restrict user inputs/ entries in
selected cells. It enables users to set the desired validation rules to control what type of data they
can enter into the corresponding cells in an Excel sheet. For instance, we can restrict users to
enter values between 1 to 10, enter names or passwords in less than 30 characters, enter or
choose an entry from the predefined list of acceptable values, and more.

Some of the essential tasks (restrictions/ validations) that we can set using the Data Validation
are as follows:

o Allow users to put numeric or text entries only

28
 o Allow entering numbers less than, more than and between a specified range
o Allow data inputs of a specific length
o Restrict entries to predefined values in a drop-down list
o Restrict date and time entries outside or within a specific range
o Validate a specific entry based on another cell
o Display an input message informing users what the corresponding cell accepts when the
user selects a cell
o Display a warning or error message when the user enters wrong data
o Locate incorrect or wrong entries in the validated cells

Apply data validation in Excel

Apply data validation on your Excel worksheet to stop the user from entering invalid data into
Excel cells. In the previous chapter, we briefed about the data validation, its advantages, types,
and all the desired information about the data validation. Now, we will show you how actually
the data validations are implemented on an Excel worksheet.

Data validation types

o Predefined data validation (Number, Decimal, Text length, date, and time validation)
o Dropdown list data validation (List validation)
o Custom data validation (User-defined validation)

Although there are various other validations that a user needs, it comes under predefined data
validation, such as - Number, Text, length, date, and time validations. We will describe one
validation of each type.

Apply number Validation on a column

Step 1: Open an Excel sheet and define the names of columns to indicate the users to enter the
data in them.

29
Step 2: Now, select one column on which you would like to apply number validation. E.g., Age
column.

Step 3: Navigate to the Data tab in the Excel menu bar and click on the Data Validation under
the Data tools.

30
Step 4: A default data validation panel will open, where you will see three tabs, i.e., Settings,
Input Message, and Error Alert.

Step 5: In the Setting tab, select a validation from the Allows dropdown list.

Step 6: Now, choose one of the conditions from the Data dropdown list. For example, if you
select greater than or equal to condition, you have to enter one more information with it.
31
Step 7: Define the minimum value in the respective field for the greater than condition.

According to this condition, the value entered by the user in the validated column must be
greater than or equal to 20. It means the minimum age of an employee must be 20.

Note: Don't press the OK button yet.

Set an Input Message

Step 8: Navigate to the Input Message tab just next to the Setting tab.

32
Step 9: Provide a title and a custom message here that will display while selected validated cell.

Set an Error Alert

Step 10: The last step is - navigate to the Error Alert tab. Choose one of the Style from the list,
either Stop, Warning, or Information.

33
Step 11: Now, enter the title and alert message in the respective fields to show an alert when a
user enters the wrong value.

Everything is set up successfully; click the OK button to save all the changes.

Number validation is applied to the age column successfully. Enter some data to the validated
column and check the validation.

Output 1: Input Messages

When the user selects the cell with validation, Excel displays a message that is set while putting
validation on the cell. This message contains what type of value you can enter in the validation
column.

See the following output:

34
Output 2: Correct Input

When a user provides correct input in the validated column and presses the Enter key, no error
occurs and data is accepted successfully. You will get the output as showing below:

Output 3: Alert Message

The last output is an alert message. It shows when the user enters an incorrect value in the
validated cell and presses the Enter key. See the output on entering a wrong value.

Output on entering wrong data type

35
Despite the Input message, if you also try to enter text input in number validated field, value is
not acceptable by the cell and it will show the alert message to you.

Hence, all the validations work in the same ways. But the way and place of use are different.

5.How to Set, edit validation criteria for data entry in a cell

range like: whole number, decimal, list,date, time

Data validation is the practice of checking the integrity, accuracy and

structure of data before it is used for a business operation. Data
validation operation results can provide data used for data analytics,
business intelligence or training a machine learning model. It can also
be used to ensure the integrity of data for financial accounting or
regulatory compliance.

Steps to create list validation

We have added one more column (Gender) to the previously used Excel sheet to define this
validation.

36
Step 1: Select this Gender column and navigate to the Data tab in the menu bar.

Step 2: Here, click on the Data Validation under the Data tools section.

37
Step 3: In the setting tab, click on the Allow dropdown button and choose List from it to create a
dropdown list for the gender column.

Step 4: In the same setting tab, provide the values separated by commas in the Source field.

Step 5: Now, if you want to provide any input message, move to the respective tab and enter a
custom message here.

38
Step 6: Similarly for the Stop, Warning, or Information alert on wrong input, navigate to
the Alert tab in the data validation panel.

Step 7: Make all the steps done and click the OK button to complete the list creation/validation
process.

39
Step 8: See the below output of how a dropdown button is added next to the validated cell,
which enables when the cell is selected.

Step 9: Click on the dropdown list and choose the correct gender from the list to provide the
input in the gender field.

Step 10: See that value is entered without any interruption.

Create and apply custom Validation

40
Custom validation enables the users to write their own formulas to validate the data. Thus, it
requires a formula to be entered by the creator. For example, custom validation to validate the
email address.

Steps to create custom Validation

Before creating email custom validation, we will add an email column to the previously used
Excel worksheet.

Step 1: You open your Excel sheet in which you want to define custom validation. Select a
column for applying the custom validation and navigate to the Data tab.

41
Step 2: Here, click on the Data Validation under the Data tools section.

Step 3: In the setting tab, click on the Allow dropdown button and choose Custom from the list
to define custom validation.

42
Step 4: Here, Enter the formula in the Formula field to create a custom condition. As we are
creating email validation, write the following formula for it:

ISUMBER(FIND("@", F)

Step 5: Now, similar to the other predefined validations, navigate to the Input message tab to
give a pre-input instruction to the users before entering the data into the cell.

43
We have only provided input message here, not the title.

Step 6: Go to the last Error Alert tab and same define the alert message here.

Custom email validation has been created successfully and applied on column F (Email) in the
Excel worksheet.

Output 1: Invalid Email

When the user enters an invalid (without @ sign) email address and presses the Enter key. Email
is not accepted by validated Excel cell and an error alert displays.

44
Click on the Retry button to re-enter the email address to the F2 cell.

Output 2: Valid Email

Now, enter a valid email address along with @ symbol, and see the outcome. Email is now
accepted by validated Excel cell and no error alert popup displays.

45
Below are some simple steps to get know all the validated cells in the Excel worksheet:

Step 1: Open your Excel worksheet for which you want to find validated cells.

Step 2: Press the Ctrl+G (shortcut key for Go To) to open the Go To panel, where click on
the Special button present at the bottom left corner.

46
Step 3: In Go To Special, mark the Data Validation radio button in the list.

Leave All under the Data Validation radio button as marked to see all validations and click
the OK button now.

Step 4: Look in the below Excel screenshot that all the cells/columns highlighted with grey color
are validated cells.

47
See that the column B (EMP_NAME), C (AGE), and E (GENDER) has been highlighted. It
means these are the column on which certain validations are applied.

Hence, this is the way to find the cells with validation in an Excel worksheet.

48
 How to Create Application in Spreadsheet and Macros

What Is a Macro in Excel?

An Excel macro is an action or a set of actions that can be recorded, named, saved and executed
as many times as required and whenever desired. By using macros, we are able to automate
repetitive tasks associated with data manipulation and data reporting that must be accomplished
repeatedly.

Sample Data

In this example, we will add the headers and some formatting to our sample data and then
perform the same steps with the macro shortcut key.

49
Turn on Developer Tab

The Developer tab is hidden on the ribbon by default. To customize the ribbon, follow these
steps:

 Right-click on the ribbon, anywhere and select (by clicking) Customize the ribbon.

 Navigate to Customize the ribbon and place a check on the Developer checkbox.

50
Record a Macro

Now that we have the developer tab on our ribbon, let’s start recording our first macro in Excel.
To record a macro, follow these steps:

 On the Developer tab, go to Code group and click Record macro.

The Record Macro dialog box will appear. Give your macro a name and assign the shortcut
which will activate the macro. Click Ok.

Note: Every step you perform from now on will be recorded by the macro.

51
Let’s now add headers and format them with some colors.

Your macro has recorded the steps, and you can now perform the same steps with the shortcut
key you have assigned in the Record Macro dialog box.

Add a Button to Run Your Macro

 Go to illustrations > Shapes and select any shape. We will use a rectangle with rounded
corners.

52
You can also insert a button by going to the Developer tab > Insert > Form Controls.

 Add the text to the shape by right-clicking the shape and selecting edit text.

 Right-click the shape and select Assign Macro.

53
Select the corresponding macro from the window and select (by clicking) Ok.

Consequently, whenever you select (by clicking) that shape, Microsoft Excel will activate and
run your recorded macro.

54
 How to Create a Column Chart
What is a Column Chart?
A column chart is a graph that shows vertical bars with the axis values for the bars displayed on
the left side of the graph.
It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.
You can use a column chart when:

 You want to compare values across categories.

Steps to Create a Column Chart

To create a column chart in Excel 2016, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the column chart. In this example, we
have selected the range A1:C7.

2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Column Chart
button in the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In
this example, we have selected the first column chart (called Clustered Column) in the 2-
D Column section.

TIP: As you hover over each choice in the drop down menu, it will show you a preview
of your data in the highlighted chart format.

55
3. Now you will see the column chart appear in your spreadsheet with rectangular bars to
represent both the sales and the expense numbers. The sales values are displayed as blue
vertical bars and the expenses are displayed as orange vertical bars. You can see the axis
values on the left side of the graph for these vertical bars.

56
4. Finally, let's update the title for the column chart.
To change the title, click on "Chart Title" at the top of the graph object. You should see
the title become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this
tutorial, we have entered "Sales and Expenses" as the title for the column chart.

57
 How to Create a Bar Chart
What is a Bar Chart?
A bar chart is a graph that shows horizontal bars with the axis values for the bars displayed on
the bottom of the graph.
It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.
You can use a bar chart when:

 You want to compare values across categories.

 The category text is long and difficult to display in a column chart.
 You want to show duration in a graph.

Steps to Create a Bar Chart

To create a bar chart in Excel 2016, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the bar chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:C5.

2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Bar Chart
button in the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In
this example, we have selected the first bar chart (called Clustered Bar) in the 2-D
Column section.

TIP: As you hover over each choice in the drop down menu, it will show you a preview
of your data in the highlighted chart format.

58
3. Now you will see the bar chart appear in your spreadsheet with horizontal bars to
represent both the shelf life and restock time for each product. The shelf life (in days) is
displayed as orange horizontal bars and the restock time (in days) is displayed as blue
horizontal bars. You can see the axis values on the bottom of the graph for these
horizontal bars.

59
4. Finally, let's update the title for the bar chart.
To change the title, click on "Chart Title" at the top of the graph object. You should see
the title become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this
tutorial, we have entered "Product Life (in Days)" as the title for the bar chart.

60
 How to Create a Line Chart
What is a Line Chart?
A line chart is a graph that shows a series of data points connected by straight lines.
It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet.
You can use a line chart when:

 You want to show a trend over time (such as days, months or years). In this case, the time
values would be your categories.
 The order of your categories (ie: time values) is important.

Steps to Create a Line Chart

To create a line chart in Excel 2016, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the line chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:D7.

2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Line Chart
button in the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In
this example, we have selected the fourth line chart (called Line with Markers) in the 2-D
Line section.

TIP: As you hover over each choice in the drop down menu, it will show you a preview
of your data in the highlighted chart format.

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3. Now you will see the line chart appear in your spreadsheet showing the trend for 3
products (ie: Desktops, Laptops and Tablets). The blue series of data points represents the
trend for Desktops, the orange series of data points represents Laptops and the gray series
of data points represents Tablets.
The axis values for each product are displayed on the left side of the graph.

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4. Finally, let's update the title for the line chart.
To change the title, click on "Chart Title" at the top of the graph object. You should see
the title become editable. Enter the text that you would like to see as the title. In this
tutorial, we have entered "Product Trends by Month" as the title for the line chart.

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 How to Create a Pie Chart
What is a Pie Chart?
A pie chart is a circle that is divided into slices and each slice represents a proportion of the
whole.
It is a graphical object used to represent the data in your Excel spreadsheet that uses 1 series of
data to create the graph.
You can use a pie chart when:

 You want to show numbers as a proportion of the whole (ie: the numbers equal 100%).
 There are a limited number of pie slices. If there are too many pie slices, then a pie chart
is not a recommended graph to use.

Steps to Create a Pie Chart

To create a pie chart in Excel 2016, you will need to do the following steps:
1. Highlight the data that you would like to use for the pie chart. In this example, we have
selected the range A1:B5.

2. Select the Insert tab in the toolbar at the top of the screen. Click on the Pie Chart
button in the Charts group and then select a chart from the drop down menu. In
this example, we have selected the first pie chart (called Pie) in the 2-D Pie section.

TIP: As you hover over each choice in the drop down menu, it will show you a preview
of your data in the highlighted chart format.

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3. Now you will see the completed pie chart. In this tutorial, the pie chart has 4 slices (one
for each division). Each slice represents the sales as a percentage of the total sales.

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 How to Create a Combined Chart like: Column and Line,
Column and Area
Combination Chart
A combination chart is a chart that combines two or more chart types in a single chart.

To create a combination chart, execute the following steps.

1. Select the range A1:C13.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Combo symbol.

3. Click Create Custom Combo Chart.

The Insert Chart dialog box appears.

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4. For the Rainy Days series, choose Clustered Column as the chart type.

5. For the Profit series, choose Line as the chart type.

6. Plot the Profit series on the secondary axis.

7. Click OK.

Result:

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 How to Display an image in Chart Area
1. Click the desired chart, go to the Layout tab which should have appeared, click Plot
Area and then click More Plot Area Options

2. In the Fill section click Picture or texture fill and it should look like this:

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3. Click the button File to choose an image from your computer.
4. Brows your computer and select the desired image. Click the desired image and then hit
the Insert button.

5. You will see the other window again; click Close.

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6. That's it!

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