160 era ‘Natural wonders Exam focus Paper 1 Reading: multiple matching (Part 1) About the exam: In Paper 1, Part 1, you read a text which is divided into sections, You have to match a heading or sentence to each section of the text. This requires you to identify the main idea(s) of the section, There is one extra heading or sentence which you do not need to use. Procedure 1 Read the title and the whole text quickly to get a general idea of what itis about 2 Read through the headings or sentences 3 Read each section carefully to identify the main idea, aid decithe which heading or sentence best matches it. Cross off the headings as you use them. 2 Wham you have finiched, tranctar your answers to the answer sheet. DO be prepared to go back and check your answers DON'T just try to match words in the headings and the text, The seme word in the tent does not guarantee the correct answer. I. j ! Sunam!: a | A tsunami is a giant wave that can do huge amounts of damage when it hits land. 1 see how one starts, throw a stone into a pond or lake, and watch the ripples. spread out on the surface of the water. A tsunami in a similar way t9 one of these ripples, except that ‘not caused by a stone, bul by something much big such as an earthquake occurring under the sea, fy samen ‘Onee it has started, a zsunam can move across the ‘ocean for huge distinces. An earthquake off the coast of South: Anuetica generated « oun that tavelled west for over 15,000 kilometres and caused enormous, damage when i hit the coast of Japan 22 hours later: acts (at Tuumamix can be caused by valeanic eruptions as well as by earthquakes. The most deadly isuntani in recorded history was the one that followed the eruption of Indonesia's Krakatoa yoleano in 188. About 36,000 people died, and what actually killed most of them was the oun eathor thus the eruption ie V_You are going to read an article about a dangerous natural event. Choose from the list AH the sentence which best summarises each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do nat need to use. There is, an example at the beginning (0). A There may once have been fuunamis far bigger than those of the present day. B The appearance of a tsunami wave may not reflect its real nature, © Predicting, ssaramnis is eile bet ampertant process. DPeiple say misuniderctand aan approaching reunami. E The dangerous effeets of sumamis have been swell documented, F Tsunamis can have effects on places far away {rom where they began. G Tsunamis can be dendlicr than the event th cevwates them. HA sienple exper begin 1 signs of ccam show how a tsunami [eT {is not only events on Barth that cause rsunamis. They ‘can also be generated by a comet or meteor hitting the arth. No one has actully seen this happen, except on screen in Hollywood films such as Deep Impact. But the iant rsemumis produced by special effects in such film, big enough to cover the skyscrapers of New York, are thcoreteilly possible, und computer simulations show that they have almost certainly Hryppened i he a In the open ocean, a fsunamu wave is dificult 1 see, because moxt of itis below the surface. The part of the wave that ie actually visible may be jyct one or tuo melee high. But the wave has enormous power, and cam travel a the speed of a jet plane — almost 800 kph. As it eventually approaches land, the wave slows down, and this causes a dramatic increase in its height. By the tim roaches the land, it can be up t0 30 metres highs & = Tsunami waves Gan Wit the Land in different ‘ways. Sometimes the sea seems to pull the water back af first, uncovering a large expanse of shoreline, When the sea withdravrs like this, the tsunami ‘wave is not far behind, and curious people who have walked out onto this newly exposed2 4 Work with a partner Unjumble the questions below, then find the answers in the article. 1 three tsunemi cen stert What cause things 0 to? 2 far How travel can tsunamis? 2 Why see are difficult in tsunamis to the ocean, open? 4 land What happen before a hits just can tsunami? 5 common are Where most tsunamis? 2 Write a paragraph summarising the information about tsunamis. 3) Think of a film you have seen or a book you have read which Is about one of the following types of natural disaster. Tell a partner about it. ameteor strike — anearthquake a flood avolcanic eruption a hurricane an avalanche * Did anyone try to prevent the disaster from happening? + What damage did the disaster cause? + What happened in the end? shoreline may find themselves in great danger. In ciher cases, the wave arrives suddenly and without ‘warning, a dark wall of waler which can uproot trees, knock down stone walls, and smash houses Tounaints occur mall the mayor oceans of the world, although they are most common in the Pacific area around Japan. Here, there is a complex and detailed system for monitoring the waves and providing warning for those who live inthe ares. This isa vital service because anyone who thinks that ssunamis are just big surfing waves should think again — they are ampressive, dramatic destructive and deadly! Mustration of the tsunami after the Krakatoa explosion fn 1883 UNIT 19 Natural words Grammar 2: emphasis with what 1), Read these pairs of sentences. Highlight the ‘emphatic structure in the second sentence of each pair. then rewrite the second sentence without using What. 1 Tsunamis were well known in the Pacific hundreds of years ago. What was the most dangerous thing ‘about them in those days vas their unprecictabtity Their unpredictability 2. The Tungrvt Warning Syste is a international organisation with 26 member states, What it does is collect information about conditions which could lead to dangerous tsunamis, eas 3 Thousands of people go skiing every winter. What many of them forget is that, in certain weather conditions, avalanches may occur. 4. thwas once thought that earthquakes occurred ‘when the gods were angry. In fact what causes an earthquake is pressure between rocks on or under the Earth’ surface 5. Hurricanes are strong winds which start over the dea ainl mney nove (0 uly la, Causing yreet damage. What is unusual about them is the way they are named: they are given the name of aman or a woman » Grammar reference p.196 2) This structure is often used in spoken English, Match the statements and responses below. 1 I've had a really busy day! Do you like skiing? I hate rainy days My brother keeps complaining he's bored! People keep asking me to do things for them! Oh, | don’t mind a bit of rain. What | can’t stand is wind What he should do is take up some sort of sport What you need is a hot bath! What you have to do is learn to si ) Its OK, but what | really like is snowbearding. Listen and check your answers. Underline the stressed words In the response Practise reading the dialogues with a partner, using the appropriate stress ~