Submitted by:

Jahn Dave P. Acudesin

BSED 1- Social Studies

Submitted to:

John Vincint Cerbito

Instructor
 Module 1.1 Definition and Subject Matter

Learning Task 1
HISTORY LINK

Identify the words you think could be possible link to the word “HISTORY”. Encircle the words
would you think possible link in studying history. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.

Monarch’s wars psychologist

Saints revolutions biologist

Government records nobilities archeologist

Songs architectures geographers

Epics personal letters love letters

Memory sociologist DNA

Assessment Task 1
Explain why history did not give justice to complexity of the subject and its importance
to human civilization?
History comes from various source and in several form or mediums, which varies
sometimes of their claims, in that point data becomes complex and ambiguous to engross and o
rely on, what people do is by basing on the present evidences such as the recorded through
writings or drawings. The justification of history is now debatable and the human civilization
moves slower than expected considering that our development sometimes relies in our past
which is our origin.
In order for us to move forward, we must resolve our past first to fully foreseen our future
and act sophisticatedly in the present. Blurred claims in history contributes complexity and more
topic to be debated that makes the issue nonsense.

Assessment Task 2
Explain why historiography is important for students studying history?
 It has been said that historiography is the study of history by digging deeper to the
history in a more concise and systematic way in order to reveal the truth as well as by balancing
the present evidences that serves as the primary source. It also deals with how, why, what, and
when a certain data (history) is taken, therefore it would be easy to determine such specific
information that will contribute to the clarity of the past. Historiography is crucial for us to take to
have better understanding on why or how other historian examined or interpreted some
recorded history and how it changes over time. For instance, because of some bias
acknowledgement, other historian didn’t focus to those claims that doesn’t inclined to their
interest, thus they produce statements with prejudice, ergo it’s their side and they have the right
to express their insight based on what they believe in. Historiography is imperative as well as it
allows us to re-interpret some historian’s perspective in a holistic manner. All in all,
historiography gives us perception on what are the factors that molded and modify our
perception towards a certain situation.
Give one event in the Philippine history that falls into positivism and postcolonialism
approach.
In positivism approach, “The Social Sciences in the Philippines: Reflections on Trends
and Developments. The article begins with a sweeping historical account of the growth of the
social sciences up to their institutionalization in the 1960’s, followed by a summative description
of developments from the 1070’s to the 1990’s. Developments are discussed in terms of
influences on some of the substantive and methodological concerns of the disciplines. The
paper concludes with the contributions of the social sciences to public discourses, policies and
practices.
In postcolonialism approach, 1901- The Philippine Commission assumed full (civil)
executive power (July 4) the Taff Commission defined its mission as preparing the Filipinos for
eventual independence, and focused on economic development, public education, and the
establishment of representative institutions. The commission went on to establish a judicial
system, organize administrative services, and create a legal code that included laws regarding
health, education, agriculture, and taxation.

Assessment Task 3
Assess and examine critically the primary source and apply research to prove you evidence is
valid. Provide critical analysis on the primary source and answer the following question: 10pts
each.
1. Did young Rizal really write poem “Sa Aking mga Kabata”?

 In my case, yes, he did, I believe that in Rizal’s young age he can be able to write such
amazing poem for I believe that he is considered as prodigy by many. On the other
hand, various claims sprung every where that it is not Rizal who wrote the poem “Sa
Aking mga Kababata,” as the Inquirer.net says that the poem could not have been
written in 1869 when Rizal was 8 based on the use of letter “K” which was a reform in
Tagalog orthography proposed by the mature Rizal. In Rizal’s childhood they spelled
words with a “c” rather than “K” hence the word “Kalayaan: is used twice in the poem.

2. What makes the poem suspicious for the young Rizal?

  Most people question the use of the word “Kalayaan” in poem wherein Rizal was already
21 years old when he first encountered such word and it is said that he wrote it when he
was 8 years old. In addendum, the poem is only published ten years after Rizal’s death,
that made historian more confuse and questioning. Although Rizal is a gifted child, we
have the right to doubt but it will just end there, who knows he really wrote it despite of
the evidences presented everywhere and it is one of the products of him being a
prodigy.

3. What are your evidences that young Rizal really the author of the poem?

 I do believe in his ability as a brilliant person since he made a lot of notable piece that
affected our views and opinion in a certain thing. Because of the traditional compiling of
the files in their time, it is possible that the late publication is because it is misplaced
since Rizal has numerous unpublished works.

Assessment Task 4

WhatSource? Read the following scenarios and classify the sources discovered as primary,
secondary, or tertiary sources. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. Jose was exploring the library in his new school in Manila. He wanted to study the
History of Calamba, Laguna during the nineteenth century. In one of the books he saw an
old photograph of a woman standing in front of an old church, clipped among the pages. At
the back of the photo was a fine inscription that says: “Kalamba, 19 de Junio 1861”

Is the photograph a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source? Why?

Photograph is a primary source, by my external criticism as it is described that it is cli
pped on a book definitely it means that the photo is authentic, it also stated that at the
back of the photograph the date and place was indicated, which clearly signifies that it is
a primary source because no one copied it or use it as a source. With my internal
criticism, the photograph may be a memory of the owner who might intentionally o
unintentionally inserted it on the book which the subject is unique and reliable.

2. Lorena was a new teacher of Araling Panlipunan in a small elementary school in

Mauban, Quezon. Her colleagues give her new textbook that she ought to use in the
class. Before the class started, Lorena studied the textbook carefully. She noted that the
authors used works by other historians in writing the textbook. She saw that the
bibliography included Teodoro Agoncillo’s The Revolt of the Masses and the Fateful
Years: Japan’s Adventure in the Philippines, 1941-45. Also, she saw that the authors
used Ma. Luisa Camagay’s Working Women of Manila During the 19 th Century and
many others.
Is the textbook a primary, secondary, or a tertiary source? Why?

The textbook is a tertiary source as it relies or referred to another piece, or the source
reffered to another source such as Teodoro Agoncillo’s The Revolt of the Masses and
the Fateful Years: Japan’s Adventure in the Philippines, 1941-45 and Ma. Luisa
Camagay’s Working Women of Manila During the 19th Century that obviously serves as
only supporting details but the real idea of the real author of the book. With my external
criticism, the textbook is authentic yet borrows idea from others with a proper citation or
credit to the owner. As I deeply scrutinize through internal criticism, its content has its
own thought that conveys its general idea regarding the academic subject Araling
Panlipunan however it relies on someone’s idea that makes it as a secondary source.
 Customs of the Tagalogs

Module 1.2: Customs of the Tagalogs

Learning Task 1
Identify the following words and write your answer in your activity sheet. You have 10 minutes to
finish this task.

DOWRY DATU CASTE SYSTEM ALIPING SAGUIGUILID

SAKRA MAHARLICA TIMAUA KINARI

BATHALA ANITO SIBI NAGAANITO

MANGCOCOLAM SIMBAHAN PAGDADALAGA NEGRITO

 Dowry
Form of payment given by men to the women’s parents.
 Datu
Leader term for Captains during war and of the barangays
 Caste System
A form of social strafication characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission
of style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and
customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and
pollution.
 Aliping Saguiguilid
Serve their master’s in his cultivated lands. Can be sold and can be transferred.
 Sakra
(Penis Ring) were objects used by the early Cebuanos and other ethnic groups
to add spice and excitement to their sexual lifestyle.
 Maharlica
Freeborn, did not pay tax/tribute to the Datu accompany the Datu in times war at
his own expense, when married, they cannot transfer from one village to another, or one
barangay to the other, without paying a certain amount.
 Timaua
Married and can live in their own house, can enjoy and inherit their property.
Their children cannot be made slaves (saguiguilid), nor can be sold.
 Kinari
 The 21-karat gold figure dating to around 850 to 950 C.E. weighs 4lbs and
depicts a woman sitting in the lotus position in Buddhism.
 Bathala
All powerful, or maker of all things.
 Anito
Refers to ancestor spirits, nature spirits, and deities in the idengenous Philippine
folk religions from the precolonial age to the present, although the term itself may have
other meanings and associations depending on the Filipino ethnic group.
 Sibi
An extension of the roof over a window.
 Nagaanito
Mass worship of the whole barangay.
 Mangcocolam
The duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or often reach month, and
the fire emitted could not be extinguished.
 Simbahan
A temple or place of adoration, technically the house of the chief due to the
celebration of festival called “Pandot” (worship).
 Pagdadalaga
Young girls who first had their monthly period, their eyes were blindfolded four
days and four nights, and the friends and relatives gathered for a simple celebration. At
the end of this period, the catalonan took the young girl to the water, bathed her and
washed her head, and removed the bandage from her eyes.
 Negrito
When they die, dug deep, perpendicular hole, and placed the deceased within it,
leaving in an upright position with head unburied in which they put half of the coconut to
the head that will serve as a shield.

Module 1 Assessment
Instructions

This quiz pertains to Chapter 1 of the textbook Los costumbres de los Indios Tagalos de
Filipinas by Fr. Juan de Plasencia.

Points: 20
Questions: 20
Allowed Attempts: 1

1. Native Filipino term of Palm wine.

2. It was a family of parents and children, relations and slaves in its origin.
3. Part of Caste system where in when they got married, they cannot transfer from one
village to another, or one barangay to the other, without paying a certain amount.
4. When a Maharlica married to 2nd slave their children was divided by
5. A form of payment given by men to the women’s parents
6. Constructed for the purpose of sheltering the assembled people
7. The one who is being worship
8. Patron of love
9. Mass worship
10. Ruler of the ancient Tagalogs
 11. images with different shapes
12. Same with the Mangagaway, had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that
they would abandon and despise their own wives
13. The duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or oftener each month, and the fire
emitted could not be extinguished.
14. how himself at night to many persons, without his head or entrails, and in the morning
returns His head or remaining like an alive person.
15. Maker of gayuma or love potion
16. Preacher, predicted the salvation or condemnation of the soul
17. Soothsayer, predicter of the future
18. Cotquean, a man whose nature inclined toward that of a woman
19. Derived from the Malay language means Boat
20. Captains during wars.

My Answers:

1. URACA
2. BARANGAY
3. MAHARLICA
4. 2, HALF SLAVE AND HALF FREE
5. DOWRY
6. SIMBAHAN
7. BATHALA
8. DIANAMASALANTA
9. NAGAANITO
10. DATU
11. LIC-HA
12. MANYISALAT
13. MANCOCOLAM
14. MAGTATANGGAL
15. MANGGAGAYUMA
16. SONAT
17. PANGATAHOJAN
18. BAYOGUIN
19. BARANGAY
20. DATU

BRAINSTORMING /MIND MAP. (5pts.each)

1. Why did Juan de Plasencia write the customs of the Tagalogs?

Juan de Plasencia wrote the customs of the Tagalogs because he tries to avoid in
discussing the conflicting reports of the Indians through an informed observation to
obtain the simple truth. The truth that de Plasencia is conveying is debatable, and the
way on how he arrived with his report is even more chaotic.

2. What are the customs of the Tagalogs?

 The customs of Tagalogs includes; the governing systems lead by Datus, the caste
system, slave that comprises the “Namamahay” and “Aliping Saguiguilid”, maharlica,
witches, punishments were done mostly to slaves as the lowest class in life status
accordance, customs of Tagalogs also contains loans, inheritances, dowry, two or more
legitimate wives, slave woman and the unmarried woman or isaanava.

3. What is the main idea of customs of the Tagalogs?

Its main idea was to discover the truth. It tackles about the daily living of the ancient
Filipinos, their social status, customs, traditions and beliefs of Tagalog. It also presents
the mechanisms of the Tagalogs with their lifestyle and how they learn to survive in
various setting.

4. What is the background of Fr. Juan de Plasencia?

Juan de Plasencia was not a native Tagalog yet a Spanish friar that is tasked by the king
of Spain to record and document the customs and traditions of the people in the
Philippines. The documentation is based on his observation and judgements and wrote
the custom of Tagalog to put an end to some injustices being committed against the
native by certain government officials.

Module 1.3 First Voyage Around the World

Learning Task 1
Identify the following words and write your answer in your activity sheet. You have 10 minutes
to finish this task.

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the following.

Kinnari 1. Gold artifact of religious significance; The half-bird, half-woman
creature
Il N’est Rose Sans Espine 2. Pigafetta’s family motto
Johanna 3. Christian name of Queen Juana; wife of Rajah Homabon.
Amorsolo 4. The painter of Philippine sunlight.
Francisco Serrao 5. Cousin of Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan 6. First man who circumnavigate the world
Paris, France 7. The treaty of Paris was signed in what country?
Knife 8. The natives offered a porringer of rice in exchange of __________?
Inter Caetera 9. A papal bull issued by Pope Alexander IV
Gaspar de Quesada 10. Captain General of Concepcion ship
Johanni 11. Christian name of King of Mazaua
1522 12. On what year does the Spanish fleet complete the circumnavigation?
Spanish Colonizer 13. The first colonizer of our country?
Treaty of Tordesillas 14. A division of the lands beyond Europe between Portugal and the
Crown of Castille
Tudrok or Tugbok 15. Both young and old man pierce their penises with a gold tin rod
called?
 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer.
Write the letter of the correct answer before the number. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.
B 1.
C 2.
A 3.
D 4.
A 5.
B 6.
C 7.
B 8.
A 9.
C 10.

Learning Task 2
1. Why was Magellan’s voyage considered a historic endeavor?

Magellan’s voyage contributed to the better understanding of the geographic features of the
world, which also proves that the world is round. The voyage paved way to the discovery of
unknown islands, he also showed that the circumference of the Earth was longer that what
Columbos has estimated, the introduction of some flora and fauna to the people. In our place,
Magellan’s voyage influences us culturally and religiously, where at this moment we have some
beliefs and customs that is shaped by the voyage of Magellan.

2. Why it is that Pigafetta’s writing considered the purest?

Antonio Pigafetta’s writing considered as the purest because he is the living witness of the
history of the voyage which also the recorder of the events through his writing in his journals. It
also becomes the purest because it is considered as the primary source of the first globe
circumnavigation starting from its leaving in Spain until the Victoria’s comeback which
recognized as the completion of the voyage in 1522 consisting of concrete details and
descriptions in which today becomes the basis on discovering the past.

3. From the learning you’ve gained what is the real date of Magellan’s coming to our
country?

Base on my learning the expedition reached our country on March 16, 1951 based on
Pigafetta’s journal.

Module 1.4 Cavite Mutiny

Learning Task 1
Enumerate the 20 persons involve in Philippine Revolution and identify each of them, write your
answers here. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
Was a Filipino revolutionary leader, often called "The Father of the Philippine
Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines. He was one of
the founders and later the Kataas-taasang Pangulo (Supreme President, Presidente
Supremo in Spanish, often shortened by contemporaries and historians to just
Supremo).

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

Was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period
of the Philippines. He is considered the national hero (pambansang bayani) of the
Philippines.

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy QSC CCLH

Was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized
as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines (1899–1901) and the first
president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain
in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898).

Antonio Narciso Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta

Was a Filipino army general who fought in the Spanish–American War, Philippine
Revolution, and Philippine–American War before his assassination in 1899. Regarded
as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the
Commanding General of the Philippine Army.

Gregorio Hilario del Pilar y Sempio (November 14, 1875 – December 2, 1899)
Was a Filipino general of the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine–
American War. As one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he was
known for the successful assault on the Spanish barracks in the municipality of
Paombong.

Emilio Jacinto (December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899)

Was a Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-
ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers
of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak
ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly called Katipunan.

Macario Sakay y de León (March 1, 1878 – September 13, 1907)

Was a Filipino general who took part in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the
Spanish Empire and in the Philippine–American War. After the war was declared over by
the United States in 1902, Sakay continued resistance by leading guerrilla raids.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896)
Commonly known as Marcelo H. del Pilar and also known by his pen name Plaridel, was
a Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. Del Pilar, along with José Rizal and
Graciano López Jaena, became known as the leaders of the Reform Movement in
Spain. Del Pilar was born and brought up in Bulakan, Bulacan.

Melchora Aquino de Ramos (January 6, 1812 – February 19, 1919)

Was a Filipina revolutionary who became known as "Tandang Sora" ("Elder Sora")
because of her age during the Philippine Revolution. She was known as the "Grand
Woman of the Revolution" and the "Mother of Balintawak" for her contributions.
Miguel Malvar y Carpio (September 27, 1865 – October 13, 1911)
Was a Filipino general who served during the Philippine Revolution and, subsequently,
during the Philippine–American War. He assumed command of the Philippine
revolutionary forces during the latter, following the capture of resistance leader Emilio
Aguinaldo by the Americans in 1901.

Gregoria de Jesús y Álvarez (9 May 1875 – 15 March 1943)

Also known by her nickname Oriang, was the founder and vice-president of the women
's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. She was also the custodian of the
documents and seal of the Katipunan.

Santiago Virata Álvarez (Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ˈalβaɾes] : July 25, 1872 – October 30, 1930)
Was a revolutionary general and a founder and honorary president of the first directorate
of the Nacionalista Party. Also known as Kidlat ng Apoy (En: Lightning of Fire; Fiery
Lightning)

Graciano López y Jaena (December 18, 1856 – January 20, 1896)

Commonly known as Graciano López Jaena (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈlopes ˈhaɪna]),
was a Filipino journalist, orator, reformist, and national hero who is well known for his
newspaper, La Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with
Marcelo H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists.

Tomás Mascardo
Was born in the town of Cavite del Viejo (now Kawit) to Valentín Mascardo and Dolores
Echenique. The affluent couple, a landowner and a rice dealer, respectively, had a total
of seven children. Tomás finished his teacher's diploma from Escuela Normal in Manila
and became a teacher at the barrio school of Halang in Amadeo, Cavite. Mascardo
joined the revolution against the Spaniards from the beginning.

Pío del Pilar (born Pío Isidro y Castañeda; July 11, 1860 – June 21, 1931)
Was a revolutionary general of the Philippines. To safeguard his family and prevent
them from harassment, he changed his surname to del Pilar. He was born in Barrio Culi-
culi (now Pio del Pilar), San Pedro de Macati (present-day Makati) on 11 July 1860.

Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris (October 13, 1868 – August 1947),

Better known as Teresa Magbanua and dubbed as the "Visayan Joan of Arc", was a
Filipina schoolteacher and military leader. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, she retired
from education and became a housewife shortly after her marriage to Alejandro
Balderas, a wealthy landowner from Sara, Iloilo.

Deodato Arellano
Propagandist and first president of the Katipunan, Deodato Arellano was born to Juan
de la Cruz and Mamerta de la Cruz on July 26, 1844 in Bulacan, Bulacan. The family
changed their name to Arellano in compliance with the Claveria decree of 1849.

Ladislao Diwa (Oct. 7, 1898 – May 13, 1901)

Was the third and last politico-military government of Cavite during the Philippine
Revolution. A historical document dated October 7, 1898, mentions Diwa as Included in
the “list of provincial chiefs of provinces subject to the revolutionary government.”
Teodoro Plata (1866 – February 6, 1897)
Was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret society which
sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896.
He met Andrés Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who
was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata
were all freemasons who were inspired by the nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda
Movement in Europe.

Valentín Díaz (1 November 1845 – 11 December 1916)

Was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the
Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. Díaz was born in Paoay, Ilocos Norte.He
was a member of La Liga Filipina, which José Rizal founded to peacefully promote
reforms in the Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines.

Learning Task 2

A. TRUE or FALSE. Write True if the statement is true. Otherwise, write False in the space
provided.
True 1. The Marianas Island where the mutineers bring to their execution.
True 2. Francisco Zaldua is the key ’witness' to Cavite Mutiny; pointed out Gomburza.
False 3. The 200 Philippine soldier killed the 1,000 Spanish soldier during the mutiny.
False 4. Forth Santiago where the Cavite Mutiny started. F. Forth San Felipe
True 5. Carlos dela Torre was a Governador general before Rafael Izquierdo and
accused by fellow Spaniards for letting the Filipino rebel.

B. Explain the question.

What do you think, why the Cavite mutiny failed?

I think, the reason why the Cavite Mutiny failed because of the lack of power of the
approximated 200 soldiers and laborers and it doesn’t have a strategic planning in regards with
the revolution against the Spanish governance. One of the most reason why a certain group
failed to achieve its objective because it doesn’t have a good leader, a leader who supposed to
lead the group and has the responsibility to create a plan, protect its people, empower its force
and provide equipment to fully combat every enemy they have. Also, a group will lead to a
fiasco if it doesn’t have active, responsive, brave and mighty members in the sense that group
will be much stronger when everybody is fighting together and has the common goal to
successfully achieve the desired goal of the group. One aspect also of a particular fight that
affects the failure of another group is that maybe the power of the other group is stronger than
its opponent. As well as it has an influence to dominate someone or something. In the case of
the Cavite Mutiny, our soldiers weren’t able to fight with a massive impact to the rival because
Spaniard are more advance with their skills and equipment they used against our heroes to
destroy unwanted actions or deeds. The mutiny also failed because the Manilinos who were
expected to aid the Cavitenos did not arrive. The mutineers that is led by Sgt. Fernando La
Madrid by seizing the fort and killing the officers that makes the general to take revenge against
the rebellion of the said troops, and later the leader in name of Sgt. La Madrid was killed and
other were sentenced to death or hard labor.

Assessment Task 1
Let us pause for a while and reflect- what are learnings did you understand about the event of
Cavite Munity? (5pts each)
1. What is the reason of Cavite Mutiny
and execution of GOMBURZA?
2. Why the GOMBURZA is being
executed?
3. Why so many Filipinos impatient to
claim the independence against the
Spaniards after the death of
GOMBURZA?
Learning Task 3
Base on the two-primary account of Cavite Mutiny, use the primary account to answer the
following questions. (5pts each item)
1. What is the difference of the two-primary account?
Ans. Because of the cruelty of the
Governador General in the name of Rafael
de Izquierdo and its iron fist governance
towards the Filipino where the General
subjected the soldiers of the Engineering and
Artillery Corps to give personal taxes. On the
other hand, GOMBURZA was executed for
they are suspected of accusation of treason
and sedition be the leader of the rebellion
against the Spaniard government with the
aim of overthrowing the colonial government.
Ans. GOMBURZA was combination of the
name of the three priest that is being
executed because of being accused of
treason and suspected to be the leaders of
the rebellion against Spaniard governance,
where wrote propaganda materials that
exposed the abuse of friars. With the visible
bias governance of Spaniards, Filipino
reacted violently and exposed a number of
abuses and corruption that happened within
the catholic church in Cavite.
Ans. Spaniard colonization had made Filipino
eager to see the light beyond the cave they
created to protect themselves because of the
malice attitude of Spaniards towards Filipino
people. Our ancestors suffered with the
despicableness of our colonizers and as the
GOMBURA’s issue revolve, it become a
rallying catchword for the trodden Filipinos
seeking justice and freedom from Spaniards.
This becomes their source of strength to face
and speak about the cruelty they are
experiencing from the hands of the
Spaniards. These leads to the uprising of the
“Ilustrados” which is led by Bonifacio
advocating independence through arm revolt
against Spain, was influence by rituals and
organization of freemasonry.
 The primary account that is form Jose Montero y Vidal interpreted that Mutiny
was an attempt to remove and overthrow the Spanish Colonizers in the Philippines,
however in another account by General Isquirdo, he insisted that the mutiny is
stimulated and prepared by the native clergy, mestizos and lawyers as a signal of
objection against the injustices of the government such as not paying provinces for
tabacco crops, pay tribute and rendering of polo y sevicios forced labor.

2. How this action of the Filipinos who attack in Fort San Felipe become a sign of revolt
against Spanish Government?

It brings fear to the general and the officers of the Spain with abrupt attack of the
mutineers that killed the Spanish officers in the fort and because of some
misinterpretation of other member of the mutiny they didn’t succeed so it becomes threat
to the Spaniard and become conscious about the actions of the Filipinos so they killed
suspected individuals to fear Filipinos so they won’t do the same rebellion as it will cost
their lives. The action was interpreted as the start of rebellion of the Filipinos for it killed
numbers of officers that diminish its total number and made the Spaniards wary for the
strength of the Filipinos especially when we are united as one and working as one.

3. Why the GOMBURZA executed since there is not enough proof leading to become a
leader of revolutionary in Cavite?

Without a doubt, after the attack in the Spaniards in Fort San Felipe it becomes
the weakness of the Spaniard showing that their side is not undefeatable as they are
being slain by the group of Sgt. La Madrid, although it failed, it marks the mindset of
Filipinos that they are not that strong enough to hold cruelty, in such, the three priest that
is accused by the Spaniard in the name of father Mariano Gomoz, father Jose Burgos
and father Jacinto Zamora was set as an example for their cruelty by executing them in
garrote way, in this means Filipinos will fear them once more so no one will ever attempt
to rebel against them.
Assessment Task 4
Using the two primary sources of Cavite Mutiny. Compare and contrast the ideas of the two
primary sources. Use the diagram to state your ideas. 15pts.

Primary Source: Excerpts from

Primary Source: Excerpts from the Official
Montero’s Account of the Cavite
Report of Govern or Isquirdo on the Cavite
Mutiny
Mutiny of 1872

-The outbursts of the

-The insurrection was
motivated and prepared by
the native clergy, by the
mestizos and native
lawyers, and by those
known here as
aborgadillos.
-Up to now it has not been
clearly determined if they
planned to establish a
monarchy or a republic,
because the Indios have no
word in their language to
describe this different form
of government, whose head
in Filipinos would be called
hari; but it turns out that
they would place at the
head of the government a
priest.
The documentations of
Spanish historian Jose
Montero y Vidal cantered
on how the event was an
attempt in overthrowing
the Spanish government in
the Philippines. Although
regarded as a historian,
his account of the mutiny
was criticized as woefully
biased and rabid for a
scholar. Another account
from the official report
written by then Governor
General Rafael Izquierdo
implicated the native
clergy, who were then
active in the movement
toward secularization of
parishes.
American publicists and the
criminal policy of the
senseless Governor whom the
Revolutionary government
sent to govern the Philippines,
and who put in to practice
these ideas were the
determining circumstances
which gave rise, among
certain Filipinos, to the idea of
attaining their independence.
-The Spanish revolution which
over throw a secular throne;
the propaganda carried on by
an unbridled press against
monarchical, principles,
attentatory of the most sacred
respect towards the dethroned
majesty; the democratic and
republican books and
pamphlets; the speeches and
preaching of the apostles of
these new ideas in Spain.

Learning Task 4
Base on the two different primary sources. Give your opinion on the primary account of Dr.
Trinidad and Edmund Plauchut about Cavite Mutiny. Write a clear and precise statement of your
idea.
Various of claims rise upon the propagation of the accounts of Izquierdo and Montero
which give much clarification and confusion to our historic place. First, the account of
Dr.Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Taverra, a Filipino scholar and researcher, who wrote a
Filipino version of the bloodstained incident in Cavite. Another account by French writer
Edmund Plauchutt supplemented Tavera’s account and analyze the motivations of the 1872
Cavite Mutiny. As de Teverra state that it was due to these facts and promises that the Filipinos
had great hopes of an improvement in the affairs of our country, while the friars, on the other
hand, feared that their power in the colony would soon be complete a thing of the past. This
claim states that Filipinos mutiny was because of our aspiration to have an education and
freedom, where our ancestors wants to attain knowledge and inauguration. This account claims
that the incident was merely a mutiny by Filipino soldier and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the
dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of Izquierdo, such as the abolition of privileges
and the prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades for Filipinos which the
Generals a was smoke screen to creating a political club. However, the Central Spanish
Government introduced an education decree fusing sectarian schools run by the friars into a
school called the Philippine Institute. The decree aimed to improve the standard of education in
the Philippines by requiring teaching position in these schools to be filled by competitive
examinations, an improvement welcome by most Filipinos.
On the other hand, the excerpts from Plauchut’s Account of the Cavite Mutiny was found
having connection with the first two primary sources by Izquierdo and Montero and Plauchut
created a summary of the reforms they considered necessary to introduce to better understand
the root of Cavite Mutiny. In regard to schools, it was previously decree that there should be in
Manila a Society of Arts and Trades to be opened in March of 1871, to repress the growth of
liberal teaching, General Izquierdo suspended the opening of the school the day previous to the
scheduled inauguration. So, this account states that before the mutiny Filipinos are given the
opportunity to be educated as they’re offered by the said school of Arts and Trades. As Filipinos
in past are the workers they used to work by the roads constructions and required to pay taxes
but there are a few exemptions for this reform, and therefore They showcase the munity as part
of a greater conspiracy in the Philippines by Filipinos to overthrow the Spanish Government.
Unintentionally, and more so, prophetically, the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 resulted in the martyrdom
of GOMBURZA, and paved the way to the revolution culminating in 1898 and soon we
conquered our freedom by Aguinaldos’ Declaration of our Independence.

Assessment Task 2 (10ptseach)

1. What is the two face of the Cavite Mutiny?
The Cavite Mutiny has two face, these are the 1872 Cavite Munity and
martyrdom of the three martyrs in the persons of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).

2. What values of Filipinos did you admire in the event of Cavite mutiny? How did you
relate and applied the values in this present generation?
As the Cavite Mutiny reign supreme in the past, and as Filipinos shows their passion
and love to our homeland where I admire it the most, they are persistent, brave, and
motivated. Currently, we are facing in this health risk where everybody is affected, our
movement are limited and we are being disconnected with our love one’s physically and
emotionally. Our life had changed by this virus, this brought us anxiety, depression and
worst mental illness which drives an overwhelming impact to the global world. Rich or poor,
white or black, girl or boy, straight or not, all can be infected by its deadly effect that targets
our immune and respiratory system that makes it susceptible for people that has asthma or
pneumonia which complicate more their worst situation. As I relate the Filipinos traits during
Cavite Mutiny for todays generation, we are still persistent, we are still brave, and we are still
motivated. We become persistent in the sense of our government that continuously
employing and enforcing laws and protocols to maintain the peace and order as well as to
have its people a healthy living, this includes in implications of social distancing, compulsory
of wearing facemasks and face shield, regular washing of hands with soap, hand sanitizing
 and practicing the new normal way of living. We are still brave in the means that all people
faces the virus with the complete gear to combat this pandemic, we are brave as our
economic sector continuously providing the need of the our people, it may come in a form of
service or in a product or goods just to sustain the needs of those people who cannot leave
their houses because of the pandemic through delivery by the advent of imminent delivering
company such as Grab, Food panda, Shoppe, Lazada and many more. We are still brave
enough because today we’re living in this risky life but yet we find ways, we never let such
invisible particles hamper our duties and responsibilities to our family, friends, and country,
other Filipino people showed their love and care through donation in a material or financial
aid to alleviate the pain that our fellow Filipino’s enduring. Hence, we are all motivated by
the good deeds of others, that becomes the reason for other to continue their lives despite
of the threat we’re facing today, the motivation from God and the actions of other people that
boost the spirits of fighting Filipinos around the country. Indeed, history repeat it self but in a
different way in a different time but with the same defense mechanism to face and withstand
a challenge, because our fighting spirit comes from our ancestors that was built by their
numerous achievements in accomplishing their dilemma in life.
3. How do you describe the root cause of the Cavite Mutiny?
It was chaotic and complex. It was between anger and selfishness. Anger of
Filipinos that seeks for freedom yet the Spaniards are selfish to give it to us that is why
our heroes created a move to stop the depriving control of the Spanish to our country
that comes in a way of rebellion by force and by mind that led by Bonifacio and Rizal.

DECLARATION OF
PHILIPPINE IN DEPENDENCE
Learning Task 1
Answer the following write your answers here. You have 10 minutes to finish this task.
(5ptseach)
1. What is the essence of celebrating independence?

People celebrates because they are glad, no one would be happier than having a
freedom to exile and do whatever he/she wants. Through celebrating independence, we
reminisce commemorating this event that reminds the Filipino society that we truly
conquered and achieved the truest form of freedom that the Spanish colonizer that
spared us after almost 300 years.

2. How do you celebrate Philippine Independence Day?

The declaration of our independence becomes a milestone to every Filipino, and yet
we celebrate it differently. I, when the 12 th day of June comes, as a student we create
Philippine flags out of colored paper or made of crayons, then, we will gather in the field for
raising the flag and singing the National Anthem, sometimes we use to parade around our
community to express our celebration with our Independence. With these, I also reminisce
the heroic actions of our saviors by telling it to my fellow students what are their history and
contribution in giving us this freedom we are experiencing now, specially to the younger
generation so that the story of our heroes won’t be neglected but then will be remembered.

Learning Task 2 (5pts each)

1. How do you sing Philippine national anthem?
 Ever since when I was in elementary, my teacher taught me on how to properly
sing the Philippine National Anthem that until now I still practice. With this, I sing
Philippine National Anthem by standing straight as plaint as the bamboo which manifest
how the Narra tree is strong and having face which symbolize the confidence of being
Filipino citizen and putting my right palm placed over my left chest which signifies
respect to my homeland. However, in some other cases if I am wearing a hat I sing the
national anthem through facing the flag and stand at attention and I uncover and hold my
hat over my heart. I sing the national anthem with my heart uttering every word with its
harmony and feeling its meaning and its melodic lyrics that reminds me of the heroic
deed of our national heroes.

2. How Independence is important for us Filipino?

One of the most memorable date in the Philippine is the 12 th day of June, this
immemorial day reminds every Filipino about the historical endeavor of our ancestors
with our colonizers before. From this, the independence is imperative for us Filipino
because it was a proof of indicating the proclamation of freedom and sovereignty of our
country from the colonist and imperialist Spain. The declaration of our independence
motivates other Filipino to aim more higher level of freedom so it’s crucial because lots
of life was being offered just to claim our sovereignty and independence.

3. How can you say thank you to our Philippine National heroes?
To our heroes who unconditionally sacrificed their life for us to have freedom in
todays’ generation ‘thank you’ is not enough to give you all honor but then one thing I can do
to acknowledge your tremendous effort is to preserve your story for the coming next
generation so no one can forget your story on how you all fight for our land and basic rights
so we can live with peace and tranquil mind up until this contemporary era. I wish I can go
back to the past where I can express my gratitude towards our heroes, I want to embrace
them with my warm hug so they can finally breath and feel that we are already free, free
from the violence and wrath from our colonizers that locked us in a cave where air and light
are impossible to grasp and hold, so today I’m more than grateful that we have our own
freedom, we can finally do whatever we want.

The Raiders of Sulu Sea

Learning Task 1
Explain the following questions: (5ptseach)
1. What is the misconception of the European about the Muslim in Sulu?
The misconception of the European about the Muslim in Sulu, is that
European observers came to regard piracy as prevalent among the populations of
the Southern Philippines, claiming that the Southern part of our country practices
piracy which is opposing to the claim of the Raiders of Sulu sea stated that they are
not really pirates during the times they were plying their trade of capturing people
and selling them as slaves while slave trading was a business before or part of their
culture and they were not raiding ships in high seas but rather in shores.

2. Did you agree with the explanation of European moros in Sulu are pirate and not part of
the culture of the moros?
 As I further look for data, I disagree with claim of European moro in Sulu because
we live differently in this world so it is possible that moros in Sulu are not pirate and the
slave trading are part of their business and as practiced as a culture. Further, selling slaves
is known in the tribes in the Philippines in the past, so as for the raiders as considered a
splendid at waters it is common that there will be a rivalry between anybody who are in
diverse tribes.

Assessment Task 1
1. What particular historical issues in the raider in Sulu Sea was depicted by the
European? Explain. (5pts)

As I dig deeper in our context, the Zamboanga City depicting how the Spaniards
defended the city with the Fort Pilar as Spain’s last strong hold and bastion of defense
and economic expansion in the South of the Philippines. It shows the battle between the
raiders and the Spaniard son Zamboanga which Spanish built a Fort Pilar which serves
as their territory defenses for their military presence at the south. As the raiders they
want to conquer the fort to establish their presence that their oppression from the
colonizers there are 3 great tribes at the Mindanao called Balangingi, Tausug and Illanun
these three Tribes known as warriors and talented on waters which has advantage
against colonizer at the sea.

It depicts the Southeast Asian flourishing free trading in the area and the adverse
effects and consequences when Europeans such as the English, Dutch and Spanish
who wanted to control the economy as well to colonize and Christianize.

Learning Task 6
Describe the differences among tribes of Sulu Raiders.

As the raiders they want to conquer the fort to establish their presence that their
oppression from the colonizers there are 3 great tribes at the Mindanao called Balangingi,
Tausug and Illanun these three Tribes known as warriors and talented on waters which has
advantage against colonizer at the sea.
In the early nineteenth century, an entire ethnic group, the Samal Balangingi of the Sulu-
Mindanao region, specialised in state-sanctioned maritime raiding, attacking Southeast Asian
coastal settlements and trading vessels. This paper traces the process of the formation of the
Samal Balangingi as an ethnic group comprised of 'pirates' and their captives, and their
continued sense of belonging to the island stronghold of Balangingi, even after its inhabitants
were forcefully resettled between 1848 and 1858. The Balangingi is an ethnolinguistic group
living on the Greater Sulu Archipelago and the southern and western coastal regions of the
Zamboanga peninsula in Mindanao. Families live close to one another and are grouped into
larger units called tumpuks (clusters). Some build their houses along the shoreline while others,
over the sea; they are linked by narrow bridges. Balangingis are maritime people, and fishing is
their main source of livelihood. Women weave mats and sell pottery, while men fish, build boats,
and do iron works. They are famous for their traditional dances, percussion and xylophone
music, dyed mats, and woodcarvings.
 The Sultanate of Sulu was a Muslim state that ruled over many of the islands of the Sulu
Sea, in the southern Philippines. Though Muslim historians believe the Sultanate of Sulu existed
centuries earlier, in the time of Raja Baguinda Ali, genealogical sources place the founding of
the Sultanate in 1457. The Sultanate of Sulu was a Muslim state that ruled over many of the
islands of the Sulu Sea, in the southern Philippines. The sultanate was founded on 17
November 1405 by a Johore-born explorer and religious scholar Sharif ul-Hashim. Paduka
Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim became his full regnal name, Sharif-ul Hashim is
his abbreviated name. He settled in Buansa, Sulu. After the marriage of Abu Bakr and a local
dayang-dayang (princess) Paramisuli, he founded the sultanate. The Sultanate gained its
independence from the Bruneian Empire in 1578.
The Ilanuns are a small Filipino Muslim group of sea-based people who are very closely
related, culturally and linguistically, to the Maranao and especially to the Maguindanao.
Sometimes the Ilanun are numbered among the Maranao, particularly those living along the
coast of Lanao del Sur and sometimes they are numbered among the Maguindanao. The
Illanun, called Iranun and Ilianon as well, are closely related culturally and linguistically to the
Maranao and Maguindanaon. The Illanun language is part of the Austronesian family that is
most closely related to Maranao. When the Spaniards left, however, contact between the
Maranao and Illanun decreased.
The majority of Illanun live along the coastline in the of the towns of Nulingi, Parang,
Matanog, and Barira in Maguindanao Province, Mindanao; along the Iliana Bay coast, north of
the mouth of the Pulangi River; and all the way to Sibugay Bay in Zamboanga del Sur and even
the western coastal plain of Borneo. Illanun, a Malay term meaning “pirate,” is appropriate for
the people of this ethnic group, who were once regarded as the fiercest pirates in the Malay
area.
Assessment Task 6
The three tribes were known as Balangingi-Samal, Ilanuns and Sultanate of Sulu, all which were
employing Taosogs who were excellent warriors. Differentiate the three tribes of Sulu raiders.
Use infograph to describe and differentiate the tribes. Make it informative and creative eidea.