Author :  

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Table of Content Page

1 Basis for the calculations......................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Preliminary Remarks ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Drawings........................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Elevation in cross-aisles direction ..................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Elevation in Longitudinal Direction .................................................................................... 4
1.3 Codes, Regulations & additional documents ................................................................................ 5
1.3.1 Codes .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.2 Literature ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.3 Plans serving as basis fort he analysis............................................................................. 6
1.3.4 EDV-Programs ................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Construction Materials..................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 Hot Rolled Profiles .............................................................................................................. 7
1.4.2 Cold Rolled Profiles ............................................................................................................ 7
1.4.3 Connection Plates .............................................................................................................. 7
1.4.4 Screws acc. to DIN 7990 ................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Structural Systems and Cross section properties ......................................................................... 9
1.5.1 Roof Binder ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.5.2 Skid carrying constructions.............................................................................................. 10
1.5.3 Down Aisles Direction ...................................................................................................... 11
1.5.4 Cross Aisles Direction ...................................................................................................... 13
1.5.5 Horizontal bracing............................................................................................................. 15
1.6 Characteristic Values for Actions.................................................................................................. 17
1.6.1 Excerpt from the Design Data of the OBC’97 ................................................................ 17
1.6.2 Dead Loads (D) ................................................................................................................ 18
1.6.3 Live Loads (L) ................................................................................................................... 19
1.6.4 Live loads due to Wind (W) ............................................................................................. 22
1.6.5 Earthquake loads (E) acc. to 4.1.9.1 of OBC 1997 ....................................................... 27
1.6.6 Imperfections .................................................................................................................... 28
1.7 Member forces for design ............................................................................................................. 29
1.7.1 Load factors according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97 ................................................................ 29
1.7.2 Load combination factors according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97 .......................................... 29
1.7.3 Load combinations including Earthquake according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97................ 29
1.7.4 Table of combinations used for the ULS and SLS ........................................................ 29

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1 Basis for the calculations

1.1 Preliminary Remarks

Figure 1: Elevation of Regular Rack Frame

This structural analysis refers to the steel structure of an automatic storage and rack system with
cladding and roofing. Checks of the concrete floor and the design of fundaments, respectively, are not
part of this calculation.

This structure is part of a paint shop to be built for XXXX.

The Racking with storage equipment is standing on a ground area of about 310 m2. In cross aisle
direction of the rack, it is divided by two aisles, where a RBG is running in order to load and unload the
compartmens with freshly painted bodyworks. These bodyworks are brought into and taken out from on
both ends of the building.
In down aisle direction, the Rack consists of 5 bays and a bay length of L=5950mm and 7 compartments
per bay. Six structures as shown in Figure 1 with a free height from floor to the top of the Rack of
H=20000mm will be used. The free width for each aisles is D1=2500mm.
The Steel structure consists of structural steel S355 J2 G3 according to DIN EN 10025 for the hot rolled
profiles, S250 GD according to DIN EN 10147 for the cold rolled profiles.

In down aisle direction of the rack it is stabilised through braces and stabilization in cross aisles direction
will be provided through a connection to the attached building in conjunction with the effect of an open
web frame clamped to the floor.

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1.2 Drawings
1.2.1 Elevation in cross-aisles direction

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1.2.2 Elevation in Longitudinal Direction

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1.3 Codes, Regulations & additional documents

1.3.1 Codes

 Ontario Building Code: Design Provisions for buildings; 1997

 CSA S16-01 : Limit States Design of Steel Structures; 12/2001
 DIN EN 10025 : Material Specifications for hot rolled steel
 DIN EN 10147 : Technical Delivery Specifications for zinc coated steel
 DIN 7990 : Bolts
 FEM 9.831 : Manufacturing and Installation tolerances of storage systems

1.3.2 Literature

[1] NBCC Commentary’s

Commentary B on Wind loads and Commentary H on Snow loads
[2] Handbook of Steel Construction, 8th Edition
Canadian Institute of Steel Construction, 12/2004
[3] Manual of Steel Construction
Load & Resistance Factor Design, 2nd Edition
AISC, 1995
[4] ASCE Standard 7-95:
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ASCE, 1996
[5] Roark’s Formulars for Stress and Strain, 7th Edition
McGraw-Hill International, 2002
[6] Alexander Chajes:
Principles of Structural Stability Theory
Waveland Press, 1993
[7] Christian Petersen:
Static and Stability of building structures, 2nd edition
Vieweg Verlag
[8] Christian Petersen:
Steel design, 3rd edition
Vieweg Verlag

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.3.3 Plans serving as basis fort he analysis

The structural analysis is based on the following Plans:

 2005/081/01 : Elevation of Cross Aisles Directio, Regular Frame
 2005/081/02 : Elevation of Long Aisles Direction, Single Frame
 2005/081/03 : Plan View - Axis only -
 2005/081/04 : Plan View
 2005/081/05 : Elevation of Long Aisles Direction, Double Frame
 2005/081/06 : Elevation of End Wall

1.3.4 EDV-Programs

[1] RStab 5.xx – program to calculatie 3D-structures

Ingenieursoftware Dlubal GmbH
[2] Staad Pro 2003 – 3D-FEM Program
Research Engineers
[3] MathCAD 11 – Program to solve mathematiscal equations and functions
Mathsoft Engineering & Education, Inc.
[4] Excel 2003 - Spread Sheet calculation program
Microsoft Corp.
[5] Compufix 7.1 - Program fort the anchorage design
Fischer fixing systems

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.4 Construction Materials

Safety coefficient: φ = 0.9

Elastic Modulus E = 200000 N/mm2
Shear Modulus G = 8000 N/mm2

1.4.1 Hot Rolled Profiles

Profile Used for Material Code Yield Ultimate

N/mm2 ksi N/mm2 ksi
HE-A 100 Upright S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0
IPE 200 Upright S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0
facade column &
HE-A 160 beam S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0
HE-B 160 facade column S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0
IPE 360 facade beam S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0
SqaureTube 80x4,0 facade bracing S235JR EN 10025 235 34.1 360 52.2

1.4.2 Cold Rolled Profiles

Profile Used for Material Code Yield Ultimate

N/mm2 ksi N/mm2 ksi
vertical &
U60/80/60 x 4,0 horizontal brac. S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
vertical &
U50/100/50 x 3,0 horizontal brac. S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
supporting rod f.
U60/96/60 x 3,0 roof top girder S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
horizontal
U50/180/50 x 4,0 frame brace S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
horizontal
C20/62/160/62/20 x 4,0 frame brace S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
horizontal
C20/82/160/82/20 x 4,0 frame brace S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
horizontal
C20/82/180/82/20 x 4,0 frame brace S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
Roof supporting
C20/82/240/82/20 x 4,0 beam S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9
"Palett" beam
Sigma 200/85 x 2,5 QStE380 EN 10149-2 380 55.1 450 65.3
Skid supporting
Hat-Profil 2,0mm beam S250GD EN 10147 250 36.3 330 47.9

1.4.3 Connection Plates

Profile Used for Material Code Yield Ultimate

2 2
N/mm ksi N/mm ksi
Plates Connection S355 J2G3 EN 10025 355 51.5 510 74.0

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.4.4 Screws acc. to DIN 7990

Safety coefficients: φb = 0.8

Elastic Modulus E = 200000 N/mm2
Shear Modulus G = 8000 N/mm2

1.4.4.1 Type 8.8

Yield Strength: Fy = 640 N/mm2
Minimum Tensile Strength: Fu = 800 N/mm2

1.4.4.2 Type 10.9

Yield Strength: Fy = 900 N/mm2
Minimum Tensile Strength: Fu = 1000 N/mm2

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.5 Structural Systems and Cross section properties

All Section Properties of the sections used will be found in the Appendix.

In order to achieve the member forces for design, calculations mainly on 2-dimensional Systems with
Theory II. order analysis have been done. Since the structure is regular and not prone to torsional
effects, each direction - cross- and down-aisle - have been looked into separately.

1.5.1 Roof Binder

The Roof System has been looked into seperately, since it consists of a complete binder on top of each
rack frame and a simplified structure within the bay in order to provide bearing fort he cladding @ 1.8 to
2.0m.

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1.5.2 Skid carrying constructions

In order to check the deflection of the skid carrying construction, a separate model has been used to do
this, too.

1.5.2.1 Bay-Regular

1.5.2.2 Bay-Conveyor

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.5.3 Down Aisles Direction

For the down aisles direction, two systems have been calculated. No checks have been done on these
systems, but the stabilizing loads within the vertical braces have been taken and applied to the structure
in cross aisles direction. The same has been done with the maximum axial forces at the beams holding
the end wall in order to get forces to design the horizontal bracing.

1.5.3.1 Single Frame - Axis R1 to R2 and R5 to R6 -

For Axis R5 to R6 the stabilizing forces have been reduced about 20% which had been the additional
wind load applied to the system to account for higher pressure/suction at the edges.

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1.5.3.2 Double Frame, Axis R5 to R6

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.5.4 Cross Aisles Direction

The main design had been done on the following structural models.

The frame-only structure up to a height of about 8.5m of the end wall made it necessary to use a
simplified 3D-model for the whole end-zone, in order to get the effects - axial forces in bracing, overall
deformation of the end zone -, of restraining the deformation of the end wall with horizontal braces
against the last rack frame more detailed.

1.5.4.1 , Regular Frame

For the upper bearing, a lateral stiffness of 8kN/cm is assumed which is about half the stiffness of the
Model @ this point.

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1.5.4.2 End Zone

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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.5.5 Horizontal bracing

1.5.5.1 @ vertical bracing

In order to do an accurate design fort he horizontal bracing within the bays, these additional model had
been used with the maximum axial forces in the beams holding the end wall from the calculation of the
down aisles direction/end zone applied.

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   Proj.-No.
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Project : ASB-No.: Date:

1.5.5.2 In Roof Plane

This model had been set up after deciding to connect the ASRS with a load carrying connection to the
other building and is used to get forces for the bracing in the roof plane to work with and in addition to
get an idea of the force distribution along the connection to the attached building.

On this model the bearing loads at the connection points have been calculated, first assuming fixed
bearings at the column axis of the building attached, second assuming a lateral stiffness of 12kN/cm at
the connection points to the attached building, which will give a stiffness of about 8kN/cm at the upper
bearings of the Rack frames as used in the 2-dimensional model for the Cross Aisles direction.

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   Proj.-No.
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1.6 Characteristic Values for Actions

1.6.1 Excerpt from the Design Data of the OBC’97

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1.6.2 Dead Loads (D)

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1.6.3 Live Loads (L)

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1.6.4 Live loads due to Wind (W)

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1.6.5 Earthquake loads (E) acc. to 4.1.9.1 of OBC 1997

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1.6.6 Imperfections

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1.7 Member forces for design

1.7.1 Load factors according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97
For design, factored loads have to be used as follows:
a) (D)ead load  = 1.25
 = 0.85 where dead load resists overturning, uplift or reversal load effects
b) (L)ive Load  = 1.50
c) (W)ind Load  = 1.50
d) (T)emperature  = 1.25

1.7.2 Load combination factors according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97

For design, factored loads have to be used as follows:
a)  = 1.0 for only 1 of the loads of 1.7.1
b)  = 0.7 for 2 of the loads of 1.7.1
c)  = 0.6 for all of the loads of 1.7.1

1.7.3 Load combinations including Earthquake according to 4.1.2.3 of OBC ‘97

For design, factored loads have to be used as follows:
a) 1.0D +(1.0E) and either
b) 1.0D +(1.0L + 1.0E) for storage and assembly occupancies

1.7.4 Table of combinations used for the ULS and SLS

In the following table, the load combinations for evaluating the member forces for the limit state design
according to Ontario Building Code, chapter 4.1.3.2 are given:
Load- Name Limit- D L W E Imperf
comb. State PΣ RBG Snow φ
LG1 G+L ULS 1,25 1,50 1.50 1.50 L/200
LG2 G+W 1) ULS 1,25 1.50 L/200
LG3 G+L+W 1) ULS 1,25 1,05 1,05 1.05 1.05 L/200
LG4 G-W 1) ULS 1,25 -1.50 - L/200
LG5 G+L-W 1) ULS 1,25 1,05 1,05 1.05 -1.05 - L/200
LG6 Anchoring +x ULS 0.85 1.50
LG7 Anchoring -x ULS 0.85 -1.50
LG8 Deflection SLS 1,00 0.70 0.70 L/200
Earthquake 2) ULS 1,00 1,00 1,00 L/200

1) In order to get the most unfavourable Theorie 2nd order effect, suction on the roof is not considered
2) Earthquake forces are only considered, when the base shear force from Wind loads is lower than from Earthquake
loads.

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