MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS EXAM PREP (LECTURE 2)

1. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of adherence, colonization, and invasion used by
bacterial and viral pathogens. How do these mechanisms differ in terms of specificity and
virulence?
2. Evaluate the role of adhesins in microbial pathogenesis. How do adhesins contribute to the
ability of pathogens to colonize and invade host tissues? What are some examples of
adhesins and their corresponding receptors?
3. Analyze the importance of host factors in microbial adherence and colonization. How do host
factors such as glycoproteins and lipoproteins contribute to the ability of pathogens to attach
to host cells? What are some examples of host factors and their corresponding pathogens?
4. Synthesize the steps involved in microbial pathogenesis, from adherence to invasion. How do
these steps contribute to the overall virulence of a pathogen? What are some examples of
pathogens that use each of these steps?
5. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting microbial adherence and
colonization. What are some strategies for disrupting the interaction between pathogens and
host cells? How might these strategies be used to prevent or treat infectious diseases?
6. Analyze the role of bacterial capsules in pathogenesis. How do capsules contribute to the
ability of bacteria to evade host immune responses? What are some examples of
encapsulated bacteria and the diseases they cause?
7. Evaluate the importance of flagella in bacterial pathogenesis. How do flagella contribute to
the ability of bacteria to move and colonize host tissues? What are some examples of
flagellated bacteria and the diseases they cause?
8. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of bacterial and viral invasion of host cells. How do
these mechanisms differ in terms of specificity and virulence? What are some examples of
bacteria and viruses that use each of these mechanisms?
9. Analyze the role of host factors in viral entry and pathogenesis. How do host factors such as
heparan sulfate and ACE2 contribute to the ability of viruses to enter host cells? What are
some examples of viruses that use specific host factors for entry?
10. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting host factors in viral entry. What
are some strategies for disrupting the interaction between viruses and host factors? How
might these strategies be used to prevent or treat viral infections?
11. Analyze the role of microbial toxins in pathogenesis. How do toxins contribute to the ability
of pathogens to damage host tissues and evade immune responses? What are some
examples of toxins and the diseases they cause?
12. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting microbial toxins. What are
some strategies for neutralizing or inhibiting the activity of toxins? How might these
strategies be used to prevent or treat infectious diseases?
13. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of bacterial and viral evasion of host immune
responses. How do these mechanisms differ in terms of specificity and virulence? What are
some examples of bacteria and viruses that use each of these mechanisms?
14. Analyze the role of microbial biofilms in pathogenesis. How do biofilms contribute to the
ability of pathogens to evade immune responses and resist antimicrobial agents? What are
some examples of biofilm-associated infections and the pathogens that cause them?
15. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting microbial biofilms. What are
some strategies for disrupting the formation or maintenance of biofilms? How might these
strategies be used to prevent or treat biofilm-associated infections?
16. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of adherence used by bacterial and viral pathogens.
How do these mechanisms differ in terms of specificity and virulence?
17. Evaluate the role of adhesins in microbial pathogenesis. How do adhesins contribute to the
ability of pathogens to colonize and invade host tissues? What are some examples of
adhesins and their corresponding receptors?
18. Analyze the importance of host factors in microbial adherence and colonization. How do host
factors such as glycoproteins and lipoproteins contribute to the ability of pathogens to attach
to host cells? What are some examples of host factors and their corresponding pathogens?
19. Synthesize the steps involved in microbial pathogenesis, from adherence to invasion. How do
these steps contribute to the overall virulence of a pathogen? What are some examples of
pathogens that use each of these steps?
20. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting microbial adherence and
colonization. What are some strategies for disrupting the interaction between pathogens and
host cells? How might these strategies be used to prevent or treat infectious diseases?
21. Analyze the role of biofilms in microbial pathogenesis. How do biofilms contribute to the
ability of pathogens to colonize host tissues? What are some examples of pathogens that
form biofilms?
22. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting biofilms. What are some
strategies for disrupting the formation or maintenance of biofilms? How might these
strategies be used to prevent or treat infectious diseases?
23. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of viral entry into host cells. How do enveloped and
non-enveloped viruses differ in terms of their entry mechanisms? What are some examples
of viruses that use each of these mechanisms?
24. Analyze the role of receptor binding in viral pathogenesis. How do viruses use receptor
binding to enter host cells? What are some examples of viruses that use specific receptors
for entry?
25. Evaluate the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting viral entry. What are some
strategies for disrupting the interaction between viruses and host cells? How might these
strategies be used to prevent or treat viral infections?