Water contains various impurities and some cannot be seen by the

naked eye for example nutrients and microorganisms

1.TEST FOR NUTRIENTS IN WATER
1.Using an EC/TDS meter
EC stands for electrical conductivity.Electicity moves more efficiently when high
levels of salt are present and les efficiently when low levels of salt are present.By
using an EC/TDS meter the presence of salt(all nutrients are salts) in water can be
tested by determining whether there is a high EC(presence of salts) AND low EC(no
or low amount of salts present)

2.TEST FOR MICRORGANISMS IN WATER

There are various methods for detecting the presence of microbes
such as bacteria in water.These include:
1.The membrane filtration method
Used mainly on a large scale.In this method specific volumes of water are passed
through a sterile membrane with a small pore size in order to retain bacterial
cells.the filter is then transferred optically to the surface of an agar(a type of jelly
containing relevant nutrients and sugars to grow on) party or an absorbent pad
saturated with a suitable selective medium and incubated.Colonies are allowed to
develop on the surface of the filter to examine directly

2.MPN(most probable number)/traditional culture

Measured volumes of water samples are added to a series of tube containing some
culture media.It is left for a period of 12-48hrs for the organisms to grow .Positive
samples(SAMPLES WITH BACTERIA)are indicated by a colour

3.TESTING THE PH
This shows how acidic or alkaline a liquid is .Changes in water Ph can be an
indicator of the contamination of the wter supply.Certain bacteria will makewater
more acidic as they grow in them ,but Ph is also a good indicator of o from other
sources particularly chemicals which should not be there