World Energy Review 2022

Wo r l d
Energy
Review
2 0 2 2
Wo r l d
Energy
Review
2 0 2 2
In 2021 the easing of Covid-19 restrictions and the ensuing economic recovery led to a rebound in energy demand, barely
met by the available resources that were constrained by a legacy of limited investment into the Oil & Gas sector. The unsta-
ble balance resulted in higher commodity prices, highlighting the vulnerabilities in the energy system. This year the war in
Ukraine has further emphasised the importance of energy security.
The main challenge that the energy industry is facing is to improve universal access to affordable energy while, at the same
time, accelerating the transition process towards a more sustainable energy mix.
By acknowledging the ongoing process of change, the World Energy Review, now in its 21st edition, this year comes out in
an interactive and modular version, and also introduces the topic of critical minerals. The transition from fossil fuels to
low-carbon energy sources calls for the massive deployment of a wide range of clean energy technologies, many of which
in turn rely on these critical minerals concentrated in a few countries. Ensuring energy transition as well as energy security
in the future must take into consideration this important aspect.
Looking at the evolution of the world of oil, natural gas, modern renewable sources and critical minerals, the following
highlights emerge:
• Oil prices were up by 70% in 2021 as demand recovered (+6.1% YoY) but remained below pre-pandemic levels. OPEC+ kept
a “close eye” on production and market balance, delivering a gradual easing of cuts in the second half of the year while by the
year-end bringing down global inventories to below the previous five-year average. Production capacity growth struggled to
keep pace with the recovery in demand.
• World oil production increased by 1.4% YoY in 2021. There was no significant change in terms of crude quality. It was confir-
med that the process of the lightening barrel halted, most notably due to broadly unchanged US production growth.
• Gas prices were up in all markets (~+400% in Europe, + 300% in Asia and + 90% in US), with a marked uptick in the second half
of the year. The post-Covid rebound in energy consumption and the challenge of adjusting supply up in a timely fashion (also
due to the unplanned stoppages of some liquefaction plants) were the main drivers underlying this upward trend.
• In 2021 global gas demand returned to growth (+3.9%) after the decline in 2020, notably in Russia (+11.8%) and Europe
(+6.7%). Among the top-10 gas consuming countries, the U.S., albeit still at the first place, confirmed the negative trend of 2020
with a -1.6% fall, while China recorded an increase of 4.2%, retaining its position as the largest global importer.
• Global gas production also reported a 3.5% increase, after the slowdown in 2020, mainly accounted for by Russia (+9.8%) and
Africa (+11.9%, especially Algeria and Egypt).
• In 2021 LNG saw its share on total traded gas at 39% (40% in 2020), downwards for the first time since 2015. However, in
2021 the LNG traded volumes grew to 488 Bcm, of which around 70% was imported into Asian countries. Over the year, the U.S.
increased its LNG exports by 9%.
• In 2021, solar and wind share on total power generation reached 10%, increasing by 1 percentage point with respect to the
previous year.
• In 2021 solar power continued to dominate renewable capacity expansion with 138 GW of new installations, half of which
was installed in China (53 GW) and US (20 GW). Global installed solar capacity reached 855 GW (+19% YoY), almost entirely
photovoltaic.
• In 2021 wind also kept growing: global capacity reached 823 GW (+12.6% YoY). Compared with 2020 (+111 GW), new installa-
tions decreased to 92 GW, roughly half of which were installed in China (+47 GW).
• All critical minerals included in this review (cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel and rare earths) saw an increase of production in
2021, reflecting an uptick in demand and prices, after the constraints of the health emergency in 2020.
Claudio Descalzi
Chief Executive Officer and General Manager
4 Eni World Energy Review 2022
Introduction Oil - Supply and Demand Oil - Production Quality

8 LIST OF COUNTRIES 16 RESERVES 74 WORLD
16 Areas and Aggregates 74 Crude Production by Quality
9 NOTES AND METHODS 18 The World Top 10 Reserves Holders 74 Crude Production by Gravity
19 Countries 74 Crude Production by Sulphur Content
12 WORLD ENERGY MIX 75 Quality and Production Volume
12 World Energy Mix 2021 23 PRODUCTION of Main Crudes
12 World Power Generation 2021 23 Areas and Aggregates 76 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
25 The World Top 10 Producers
26 Countries 77 EUROPE
29 The World Top 10 Natural Gas 77 Crude Production by Quality
Liquids Producers 77 Quality and Production Volume
of Main Crudes
30 RESERVES/PRODUCTION RATIO 78 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
30 Areas and Aggregates 79 Countries
31 The World Top 10 Producers Ranked
by Reserves/Production Ratio 80 RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA
32 Countries 80 Crude Production by Quality
81 Quality and Production Volume
35 CONSUMPTION of Main Crudes
35 Areas and Aggregates 82 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
37 The World Top 10 Consumers 83 Countries
38 Countries
84 MIDDLE EAST
43 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 84 Crude Production by Quality
43 Areas and Aggregates 85 Quality and Production Volume
44 The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked of Main Crudes
by Per Capita Consumption Ratio 86 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
45 Countries 87 Countries
50 PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION 89 AFRICA
RATIO 89 Crude Production by Quality
50 Areas and Aggregates 90 Quality and Production Volume
51 The World Top 10 Producers Ranked of Main Crudes
by Production/Consumption Ratio 91 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
Oil - Trade and Prices 95 ASIA - PACIFIC

95 Crude Production by Quality
58 REGIONAL CRUDE BALANCES 96 Quality and Production Volume
of Main Crudes
58 Crude Surplus Deficit by Area
97 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
98 Countries
59 EXPORTS
59 The World Top 10 Exporters
100 AMERICAS
60 Countries
100 Crude Production by Quality
101 Quality and Production Volume
64 IMPORTS of Main Crudes
64 The World Top 10 Importers 102 Crude Production by Quality - Chart
70 CRUDE FUTURE PRICES AND OPEN
INTERESTS Oil - Refining Industry
108 REFINING CAPACITY
108 Areas and Aggregates
CONTENTS 5
Natural Gas - Renewables Critical Minerals

Supply and Demand 180 SOLAR RESOURCES Map (Global 224 COBALT
Horizontal Irradiance) 224 RESERVES
114 RESERVES
181 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER 224 The World Top 10
116 The World Top 10 Reserves Holders CAPACITY
117 Countries 225 World Cobalt Reserves
183 The World Top 10 226 PRODUCTION
121 PRODUCTION 184 Countries
123 The World Top 10 Producers 226 The World Top 10
189 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER 227 World Cobalt Production
124 Countries GENERATION
189 Areas and Aggregates 228
128 RESERVES/PRODUCTION RATIO 191 The World Top 10 COPPER
128 Areas and Aggregates 192 Countries 228 RESERVES
129 The World Top 10 Producers Ranked 228 Countries
by Reserves/Production Ratio 197 CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER 228 The World Top 10
130 Countries CAPACITY 229 World Copper Reserves
134 CONSUMPTION 199 The World Top 10 230 PRODUCTION
134 Areas and Aggregates 200 Countries 230 Countries
136 The World Top 10 Consumers 230 The World Top 10
137 Countries 201 CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER 231 World Copper Production
GENERATION
142 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 201 Areas and Aggregates 232 LITHIUM
142 Areas and Aggregates 203 The World Top 5 232 RESERVES
143 The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked 204 Countries 232 Countries
by Per Capita Consumption Ratio 232 The World Top 8
144 Countries 205 WIND RESOURCES MAP (Average 233 World Lithium Reserves
Wind Speed at 80 m height)
149 PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION 234 PRODUCTION
RATIO 206 WIND POWER CAPACITY 234 Countries
149 Areas and Aggregates 206 Areas and Aggregates 234 The World Top 7
150 The World Top 10 Producers Ranked 208 The World Top 10 235 World Lithium Production
by Production/Consumption Ratio 209 Countries
151 Countries 236 NICKEL
213 WIND POWER GENERATION 236 RESERVES
Natural Gas - 213 Areas and Aggregates 236 Countries
215 The World Top 10 236 The World Top 8
Trade and Prices 216 Countries 237 World Nickel Reserves
158 EXPORTS 220 BIOFUELS PRODUCTION 238 PRODUCTION
158 The World Top 10 Exporters 238 Countries
159 Countries 238 The World Top 9
239 World Nickel Production
162 IMPORTS
162 The World Top 10 Importers 240 RARE EARTHS
163 Countries 240 RESERVES
166 Imports by Country of Origin - 240 Countries
Pipeline and LNG 2021 240 The World Top 10
168 Imports by Country of Origin - 241 World Rare Earths Reserves
Pipeline 2021
170 Imports by Country of Origin -
LNG 2021 242 PRODUCTION
242 Countries
172 TRADED GAS 242 The World Top 10
243 World Rare Earths Production
173 LNG - LIQUEFACTION AND
REGASIFICATION CAPACITY
173 Liquefaction Capacity - Countries
174 Regasification Capacity - Countries
175 NATURAL GAS BALANCE - ITALY
176 NATURAL GAS PRICES

Introduction
LIST OF COUNTRIES
NOTES AND METHODS
LIST OF COUNTRIES
PRICES
Crude Future Price and Open Interests
Natural Gas Prices
NOTES AND METHODS
Power Prices
WORLD ENERGY MIX

List of Countries
Europe Middle East Asia - Pacific North America

Russia and Central Asia Africa Central South America
List of Countries:
Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Ukraine and United Kingdom.
Russia and Central Asia: Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Asia - Pacific: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, China, East Timor, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand and Vietnam.
Americas: North America and Central South America.
North America: Canada and the United States.
Central South America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curacao, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela.
n European Union 27: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and
Sweden.
n OECD: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States.
n OPEC: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and
Venezuela.
n MENA (Middle East and North Africa): Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen and Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia.
This Review adopts the most commonly used names for countries and not necessarily the official name.
The names used do not in any way indicate the opinion of Eni on the legal status of countries, territories, cities or areas mentioned. The
term “country” is used to indicate, when necessary, also a territory or area. Borders between countries are indicated on the maps and do not
imply judgement of any kind or the position of Eni with regard to current international disputes. This Review has been prepared by the Market
Scenarios and Strategic Options Unit.
INTRODUCTION 9
Notes and Methods
Oil
The sources of the data are: CME, DECC, EIA DOE, Enerdata, Energy Intelligence, ICE, ICIS Consulting, International Energy Agency, IHS Global
Insight, Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition, JODI, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Oil & Gas Journal, OPEC, S&P Global Platts, Wood
MacKenzie and other official sources.
In all the chapters of oil, in some countries figures may include oil from non conventional sources and others sources of supply.
The figures for “Reserves” refer to proven reserves as at 31st December. The figures for other chapters indicate annual averages.
Blank spaces in the tables indicate that the figure was not available, zero indicates a figure that is not significant (except for the chapters
“Production Quality” where “zero” is used for both not available and not significant figures). Total may differ from the sum of the individual
figures as a result of rounding up/down. Percentages have been calculated before rounding.
Supply and Demand - Trade and Prices

The difference between the Consumption and the Production of oil is given by the change in stocks, the processing gains obtained in refining
and the amount of biofuels which is not included in Production.
In all the chapters, the list of the “The world top 10…” is drawn up by ordering the countries on the basis of the last available year. In the
chapters “Reserves/Production Ratio” and “Production/Consumption Ratio”, the list of the “The world top 10…” is drawn up by selecting the
largest producers in the last available year and ordering them on the basis of the value of the reserves/production and production/consu-
mption ratio. In the chapter “Per Capita Consumption”, the list of the world top is drawn up by selecting the largest consumers in the last
available year and ordering them by the value of per capita consumption.
Production Quality
In the chapter “Production Quality” figures for total oil production in each area or country do not coincide with the figures in the “Production”
chapter of the Review. This is due to the exclusion of natural gas liquids and extra heavy crude from the figures for the first (except for Vene-
zuela). Moreover, it has not been possible to allocate or define total production. In some countries the ‘Ultra Light’ category also includes, in
total or in part, the production of condensates. For Canada the production includes syncrude.
API degree is used universally to express a crude’s relative density. The arbitrary formula used to obtain it is: API gravity = (141.5/SG at 60°F)
-131.5, where SG is the specific gravity of the fluid. Lighter the crude, higher the API gravity. The API scale was designed so that most values
would fall between 10 and 70 API gravity degrees. Fresh water has an API density of 10.
Atmospheric distillates yields are obtained according to TBP (True Boiling Point) technique, ASTM D2892 procedure. Figures are expressed
in mass percentage.
For the definition of the qualitative parameters for single crudes, the data of “Eni–R&M downstream laboratories” have been used, wherever
possible. Quality levels, indicating API gravity and sulphur content, are defined as follows.
Quality levels - API gravity and sulphur content
Ultra Light API level equal to or greater than 50° and a low sulphur content
Light & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 35° and less than 50°, sulphur content less 0.5%
Light & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 35° and less than 50°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1%
Light & Sour API level equal to or greater than 35° and less than 50°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1%
Medium & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 26° and less than 35°, sulphur content less 0.5%
Medium & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 26° and less than 35°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1%
Medium & Sour API level equal to or greater than 26° and less than 35°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1%
Heavy & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 10° and less than 26°, sulphur content less 0.5%
Heavy & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 10° and less than 26°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1%
Heavy & Sour API level equal to or greater than 10° and less than 26°, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1%
Refining Industry
The “Refining Capacity” set of tabulations provides the following information:
• Refineries: includes asphalt and lube oriented units, when dedicated topping capacity is present. Condensate refineries are included.
• Primary Capacity: represents a pro rated annual average of available capacity, excluding turnarounds.
• Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.): sum of conversion capacity, converted to “Catcracking (FCC) equivalent” capacity. “FCC equivalent”
capacity equals 1; other conversion capacities can be higher or lower than 1 (the equivalent factors are reported below in the next table).
• Complexity Ratio – FCC eqv.: ratio of Conversion Capacity (converted to FCC equivalent) over Primary Capacity, calculated on a weight
basis. The higher is the complexity index, the higher is the capability of a refinery to produce high equivalent quality and value products.
• Complexity Ratio – NCI (Nelson Complexity Index): is another measure of secondary conversion capacity in comparison to the primary
distillation capacity. The units are rated in terms of their costs relative to the primary distillation unit. The higher is the index the higher is
the capability of a refinery to produce high quality and value products.
The equivalent factors for the FCC equivalent calculation, reported below, change according to the type and the configuration of the conver-
sion unit and are from ICIS Consulting. The factors for the Nelson calculation are standard factors, modified as necessary by Eni. Oxygenates
and Aromatics are excluded.
Conversion type Conversion type

Alkylation 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-diesel 0.00 2.50
Alkylation-hydrofluoric 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-gasoline 0.00 2.50
Alkylation-sulfunic 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-kero 0.00 2.50
Asphalt 0.25 1.50 Hydrodesulf-mid-distillates 0.00 2.50
Coking-delayed 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-naphta 0.00 2.50
Coking-f/d 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-residue 0.20 2.50
Coking-fluid 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-gvgo 0.05 2.50
Coking-fxc 1.35 6.00 Isomerization-c4 0.00 15.00
Condensate distillation 0.00 1.00 Isomerization-In 0.00 15.00
Crude 0.00 1.00 Lube 0.50 60.00
Deasphalting 0.00 1.50 Polymerization 0.00 10.00
Deasphalting-c3 0.00 1.50 Reforming-aromax 0.00 5.00
Deasphalting-c4 0.00 1.50 Reforming-btx 0.00 5.00
Deep catcraking 1.10 6.00 Reforming-cc 0.00 5.00
Distillate dewaxing 0.10 85.00 Reforming-cyclic 0.00 5.00
Fluid cat-cracking 1.00 6.00 Reforming-Ipg feed 0.00 5.00
Fluid catcracking-residue 1.90 6.00 Reforming-sr 0.00 5.00
Heavy residual gasification 1.30 12.00 Thermal cat-cracking 0.80 2.75
Hydrocracking-distillates 1.30 6.00 Thermal cracking 0.65 2.75
Hydrocracking-mild 0.30 6.00 Vacuum 0.00 2.00
Hydrocracking-residue 0.40 6.00 Visbreaking 0.25 2.75
INTRODUCTION 11
Natural Gas - Renewables

The sources of the data are: Cedigaz, DECC, EIA DOE, Enerdata, International Energy Agency (IEA), International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA), IHS Global Insight, Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Oil & Gas Journal, OPEC, Wood
MacKenzie and other official sources.
Blank spaces in the tables indicate that the figure was not available, zero indicates a figure that is not significant (except for the two chapters
“Imports by Country of Origin” and “LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity” in the section “Natural Gas” and for the whole section
“Renewables”).
Total may differ from the sum of the individual figures as a result of rounding up/down.
Percentages have been calculated before rounding.
In all the chapters of natural gas, the figures of some countries may include natural gas from non conventional sources and others sources
of supply.
The figures for “Reserves” of natural gas refer to proven reserves as at 31st December. The figures for other chapters indicate annual ave-
rages.
In the chapters “Production”, “Consumption”, “Exports” and “Imports” of natural gas, figures are assessed by using the same calorific value
per cubic metre (40 MJ/cm, GCV), in order to make data among countries comparable.
In the chapter “Production” of natural gas, the figures concern traded production and do not include quantities of flared, dispersed or re-
injected gas.
In the chapter “Imports” of natural gas, the figure reported as total imports for a single country may differ from the sum of “Imports by LNG
and pipeline” for the same country, because of the different sources and different calorific attached to the cubic metre. The imports of lique-
fied natural gas cover only the dry marketable equivalent after regasification.
In all the chapters, the list of the “The world top 10 or 5…” is drawn up by ordering the countries on the basis of the last available year. In
the chapters “Reserves/Production Ratio” and “Production/Consumption Ratio” of natural gas, the list of the “The world top 10…” is drawn
up by selecting the largest producers in the last available year and ordering them on the basis of the value of the reserves/production and
production/consumption ratio. In the chapter “Per Capita Consumption” of natural gas, the list of the world top is drawn up by selecting the
largest consumers in the last available year and ordering them by the value of per capita consumption.
In the chapter ”Trade and Prices”of natural gas, the annual averages of gas prices are calculated by taking into account the delivery period
of the quotations.
Critical Minerals
The source of the data is U.S. Geological Survey.
In all the chapters, the list of the “The World Top …” is drawn up by ordering the countries on the basis of the last available year.
World Energy Mix
World Energy Mix 2021(*)

(14,5 Gtoe)
5% NUCLEAR
5% RENEWABLES
10% BIOMASS
OIL 29%
COAL 27%
GAS 24%
World Power Generation Mix 2021(*)

(28 thousand TWh)
2% BIOENERGY
3% OIL AND OTHER

NON-RENEWABLES
4% SOLAR
6% WIND
10% NUCLEAR
COAL 37%
GAS 23%
HYDRO 15%
(*)
Eni’s estimates.
Oil - Supply and Demand
RESERVES
Areas and Aggregates
The World Top 10 Reserves Holders
Countries
PRODUCTION
The World Top 10 Producers
Countries
The World Top 10 Natural Gas Liquids Producers
RESERVES/PRODUCTION RATIO
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio
Countries
CONSUMPTION
The World Top 10 Consumers
Countries
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption Ratio
Countries
PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION RATIO
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio
Countries
Reserves
Areas and Aggregates(*)

(million barrels as at 31st December)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 18,106 14,565 15,265 14,415 14,849 15,747 15,496 14,873 14,143 -4.9% -0.3%
Russia and Central Asia 121,633 144,121 140,704 144,608 144,913 145,541 146,130 146,133 146,133 0.0% 0.1%
Middle East 754,313 793,956 802,907 807,784 804,688 803,248 863,503 865,516 869,609 0.5% 0.8%
Africa 111,954 125,244 126,833 127,106 125,882 125,042 123,534 122,885 118,206 -3.8% -0.5%
Asia - Pacific 42,887 47,668 46,915 46,764 47,028 47,018 47,014 46,247 45,157 -2.4% -0.5%
Americas 323,575 539,335 546,594 544,591 551,641 556,705 554,933 544,293 536,299 -1.5% -0.1%
- North America 203,063 200,029 206,742 205,741 213,782 217,785 216,232 206,300 199,232 -3.4% 0.0%
- Central South America 120,511 339,306 339,851 338,849 337,860 338,920 338,701 337,993 337,068 -0.3% -0.1%

World 1,372,467 1,664,887 1,679,218 1,685,268 1,689,001 1,693,300 1,750,609 1,739,946 1,729,546 -0.6% 0.3%

European Union 27 3,367 3,314 2,958 2,790 2,770 2,761 2,760 2,723 2,854 4.8% -1.3%

MENA 812,328 858,179 867,370 872,157 869,002 867,434 927,638 929,651 933,744 0.4% 0.8%

OECD 241,644 232,485 234,628 231,522 238,734 243,079 241,440 231,215 222,838 -3.6% -0.4%
NON OECD 1,130,824 1,432,402 1,444,590 1,453,746 1,450,268 1,450,221 1,509,169 1,508,730 1,506,707 -0.1% 0.5%

OPEC 899,653 1,165,844 1,180,767 1,187,345 1,183,674 1,182,528 1,241,281 1,242,377 1,241,819 0.0% 0.6%
NON OPEC 472,814 499,043 498,451 497,923 505,327 510,772 509,328 497,569 487,727 -2.0% -0.2%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy Market & CO2 Data and other official data sources.
OIL - SUPPLY AND DEMAND 17
Reserves
World Oil Reserves (2021)

1,729,546 million barrels as at 31st December
1% EUROPE
3% ASIA - PACIFIC
7% AFRICA
8% RUSSIA and C. ASIA
12% NORTH AMERICA
19% CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA
CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA
MIDDLE EAST 50%
World Oil Reserves Growth (2005-2021)

357,078 million barrels as at 31st December
2005-2010 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000
EUROPE
2010-2015
ASIA - PACIFIC
2015-2021
AFRICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
NORTH AMERICA
MIDDLE EAST
Reserves
The World Top 10 Reserves Holders(*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Venezuela 80,012 296,501 300,878 302,250 302,809 303,806 303,806 303,561 303,468 0.0% 0.2%
Saudi Arabia 264,211 264,516 266,455 266,208 266,260 267,026 267,073 267,082 267,192 0.0% 0.1%
Iran 136,270 151,170 158,400 157,200 155,600 155,600 208,600 208,600 208,600 0.0% 3.0%
Canada 180,044 174,848 171,512 170,528 171,792 170,732 169,125 168,088 165,916 -1.3% -0.5%
Iraq 115,000 143,100 142,503 148,766 147,223 145,019 145,019 145,019 145,019 0.0% 0.1%
United Arab Emirates 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 105,000 107,000 111,000 3.7% 1.2%
Russia 104,405 105,800 102,375 106,283 106,592 107,221 107,804 107,804 107,804 0.0% 0.2%
Kuwait 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 0.0% 0.0%
Libya 41,464 47,097 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 0.0% 0.2%
Nigeria 36,220 37,200 37,062 37,453 37,453 36,972 36,890 36,910 37,050 0.4% 0.0%

The World Top 10 1,156,926 1,419,532 1,426,849 1,436,351 1,435,391 1,434,039 1,493,180 1,493,927 1,495,912 0.1% 0.5%

Rest of the World 215,542 245,355 252,370 248,917 253,610 259,261 257,428 246,019 233,633 -5.0% -0.4%

World 1,372,467 1,664,887 1,679,218 1,685,268 1,689,001 1,693,300 1,750,609 1,739,946 1,729,546 -0.6% 0.3%
The World Top 10 (2021)

s
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bia
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dA
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ria
it
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wa
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na
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Lib
Un
Ca
Ku
Ru
Ve
Sa
Ira
Ira
Ni
Share of World
2.1% 2.8% 5.9% 6.2% 6.4% 8.4% 9.6% 12.1% 15.4% 17.5%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 18,106 14,565 15,265 14,415 14,849 15,747 15,496 14,873 14,143 -4.9% -0.3%
Albania 200 289 309 301 292 289 301 307 307 0.0% 0.6%
Austria 63 73 78 76 73 73 76 77 75 -3.4% 0.3%
Belarus 200 287 308 299 291 287 299 306 306 0.0% 0.6%
Bulgaria 15 22 23 23 22 22 23 23 23 0.0% 0.6%
Croatia 70 106 113 110 107 106 110 113 113 0.0% 0.6%
Czech Republic 15 22 23 23 22 22 23 23 23 0.0% 0.6%
Denmark 1,277 899 491 440 428 440 428 428 415 -3.0% -6.8%
France 160 147 157 153 148 146 153 156 326 109.3% 7.6%
Germany 371 301 249 235 205 213 205 132 150 13.8% -6.1%
Greece 7 15 16 15 15 15 15 15 15 0.0% 0.6%
Hungary 104 39 42 41 40 39 41 42 46 9.9% 1.4%
Italy (**) 443 559 595 521 571 554 532 547 582 6.3% 0.4%
Lithuania 12 17 19 18 18 17 18 19 19 0.0% 0.6%
Netherlands 107 145 155 151 147 145 151 154 82 -47.0% -5.1%
Norway 9,688 6,804 8,005 7,601 7,918 8,645 8,523 7,902 7,534 -4.6% 0.9%
Poland 97 139 149 145 141 139 145 148 140 -5.3% 0.1%
Romania 458 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 0.0% 0.0%
Serbia 79 113 121 118 114 113 118 120 120 0.0% 0.6%
Slovakia 9 13 14 14 13 13 14 14 14 0.0% 0.6%
Spain 160 218 233 227 220 218 227 232 232 0.0% 0.6%
Turkey 303 380 407 396 384 380 396 405 410 1.4% 0.7%
Ukraine 399 573 614 597 580 573 597 610 610 0.0% 0.6%
United Kingdom 3,870 2,805 2,542 2,313 2,500 2,700 2,500 2,500 2,000 -20.0% -3.0%
(*)
(**)
The original data are from Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition. They have been converted by Eni considering 1 ton of oil equal to 7.3 barrels.
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 104,405 105,800 102,375 106,283 106,592 107,221 107,804 107,804 107,804 0.0% 0.2%
Azerbaijan 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 0.0% 0.0%
Georgia 35 51 54 53 51 51 53 54 54 0.0% 0.6%
Kazakhstan 9,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 0.0% 0.0%
Kyrgyzstan 40 58 62 60 59 58 61 62 62 0.0% 0.6%
Tajikistan 12 17 19 18 18 17 18 19 19 0.0% 0.6%
Turkmenistan 546 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 0.0% 0.0%
Uzbekistan 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 0.0% 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 754,313 793,956 802,907 807,784 804,688 803,248 863,503 865,516 869,609 0.5% 0.8%
Bahrain 126 181 194 189 183 181 189 193 176 -8.9% -0.3%
Iran 136,270 151,170 158,400 157,200 155,600 155,600 208,600 208,600 208,600 0.0% 3.0%
Iraq 115,000 143,100 142,503 148,766 147,223 145,019 145,019 145,019 145,019 0.0% 0.1%
Israel 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% 0.6%
Jordan 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 0.0% 0.6%
Kuwait 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 0.0% 0.0%
Oman 5,572 5,500 5,306 5,373 5,373 5,373 5,373 5,373 5,373 0.0% 9.0%
Qatar 27,910 24,684 25,244 25,244 25,244 25,244 25,244 25,244 25,244 0.0% 0.2%
Saudi Arabia 264,211 264,516 266,455 266,208 266,260 267,026 267,073 267,082 267,192 0.0% 0.1%
Syria 3,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 0.0% 0.0%
Yemen 2,921 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 0.0% 0.0%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 111,954 125,244 126,833 127,106 125,882 125,042 123,534 122,885 118,206 -3.8% -0.5%
Algeria 12,270 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 0.0% 0.0%
Angola 9,050 9,055 9,524 9,523 8,384 8,160 7,783 7,231 2,516 -65.2% -11.0%
Benin 9 8 12 11 12 12 12 12 12 0.0% 4.0%
Cameroon 404 290 311 302 293 290 303 309 309 0.0% 0.6%
Chad 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 0.0% 0.0%
Congo 1,905 2,000 2,982 2,982 2,982 2,982 1,947 1,811 1,811 0.0% -0.9%
Côte d’Ivoire 101 145 155 151 147 145 151 154 154 0.0% 0.6%
Dem. Rep. Congo 189 261 280 272 264 261 272 278 175 -37.2% -3.6%
Egypt 3,720 4,500 3,473 3,384 3,325 3,197 3,146 3,146 3,146 0.0% -3.2%
Equatorial Guinea 1,805 1,705 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 0.0% -3.9%
Gabon 2,146 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 0.0% 0.0%
Ghana 17 677 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 0.0% -0.2%
Libya 41,464 47,097 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 48,363 0.0% 0.2%
Mauritania 0 145 155 151 147 145 151 154 154 0.0% 0.6%
Morocco 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 0.0% 0.6%
Mozambique 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0.0% 0.2%
Niger 0 0 147 147 145 147 147 147 147 0.0%
Nigeria 36,220 37,200 37,062 37,453 37,453 36,972 36,890 36,910 37,050 0.4% 0.0%
Sierra Leone 0 0 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 0.0%
South Africa 16 22 23 23 22 22 23 23 23 0.0% 0.6%
South Sudan 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 0.0%
Sudan 563 5,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 100.0% 0.0%
Tunisia 560 425 425 425 425 425 425 425 425 0.0% 0.0%
Uganda 0 997 1,004 1,004 1,004 1,004 1,004 1,004 1,004 0.0% 0.1%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 42,887 47,668 46,915 46,764 47,028 47,018 47,014 46,247 45,157 -2.4% -0.5%
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0 88 88 88 88 88 0.0%
Australia 3,718 3,831 2,390 2,390 2,390 2,390 2,390 2,390 1,762 -26.3% -6.8%
Bangladesh 28 41 44 42 41 41 42 43 43 0.0% 0.6%
Brunei 1,105 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 0.0% 0.0%
China 18,250 23,268 25,626 25,664 25,948 26,190 25,963 25,963 26,430 1.8% 1.2%
India 5,919 5,833 4,790 4,680 4,550 4,480 4,660 4,540 3,618 -20.3% -4.2%
Indonesia 4,188 3,990 3,230 3,230 3,310 3,170 3,150 2,480 2,440 -1.6% -4.4%
Japan 60 64 68 66 65 64 67 68 68 0.0% 0.6%
Malaysia 5,252 3,739 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 3,600 0.0% -0.3%
Mongolia 15 15 257 257 257 257 315 315 315 0.0% 32.2%
Myanmar 50 73 78 76 73 73 76 77 77 0.0% 0.6%
New Zealand 54 87 93 91 88 87 91 93 94 1.7% 0.7%
Pakistan 292 454 487 473 459 454 473 483 483 0.0% 0.6%
Papua New Guinea 242 128 137 133 129 128 133 136 122 -10.2% -0.4%
Philippines 140 202 216 210 204 202 210 215 215 0.0% 0.6%
Taiwan 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% 0.6%
Thailand 453 442 396 349 323 293 253 253 298 17.8% -3.5%
Vietnam 3,119 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 0.0% 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 323,575 539,335 546,594 544,591 551,641 556,705 554,933 544,293 536,299 -1.5% -0.1%
Argentina 2,180 2,524 2,395 2,162 2,017 2,387 2,483 2,483 2,411 -2.9% -0.4%
Barbados 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -0.6% 0.5%
Belize 0 10 11 11 10 10 11 11 11 0.0% 0.6%
Bolivia 445 675 723 702 682 674 703 718 718 0.0% 0.6%
Brazil 11,773 13,987 13,034 12,666 12,835 13,239 12,713 11,925 11,152 -6.5% -2.0%
Canada 180,044 174,848 171,512 170,528 171,792 170,732 169,125 168,088 165,916 -1.3% -0.5%
Chile 151 218 233 227 220 218 227 232 232 0.0% 0.6%
Colombia 1,453 1,900 2,308 2,002 1,665 1,782 1,960 2,036 1,820 -10.6% -0.4%
Cuba 757 180 193 187 182 180 188 192 192 0.0% 0.6%
Ecuador 5,180 7,206 8,273 8,273 8,273 8,273 8,273 8,273 8,273 0.0% 1.3%
Guatemala 93 120 129 125 122 120 126 128 107 -16.7% -1.1%
Mexico 16,470 13,796 9,632 8,652 7,695 7,010 7,042 7,319 7,584 3.6% -5.3%
Peru 1,078 1,240 1,187 1,225 985 859 803 746 732 -2.0% -4.7%
Suriname 112 116 124 121 117 116 121 124 124 0.4% 0.6%
Trinidad and Tobago 803 830 728 243 243 243 243 243 243 0.0% -10.6%
United States 23,019 25,181 35,230 35,213 41,990 47,053 47,107 38,212 33,315 -12.8% 2.6%
Venezuela 80,012 296,501 300,878 302,250 302,809 303,806 303,806 303,561 303,468 0.0% 0.2%
(*)
Production

Crude and non conventional oil, natural gas liquids
(thousand barrels/day) ∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 5,892 4,408 3,714 3,733 3,686 3,671 3,565 3,766 3,588 -4.7% -1.9%
Middle East 25,563 25,366 29,671 31,416 30,959 31,495 30,023 27,596 27,934 1.2% 0.9%
Africa 9,906 10,240 8,323 7,796 8,205 8,298 8,456 7,029 7,404 5.3% -2.9%
Asia - Pacific 7,960 8,376 8,316 7,997 7,779 7,646 7,694 7,509 7,423 -1.1% -1.1%
Americas 21,067 21,550 27,996 27,114 27,783 29,609 31,069 29,742 30,247 1.7% 3.1%
- North America 10,203 11,217 17,554 17,121 18,284 20,897 22,816 21,905 22,348 2.0% 6.5%
- Central South America 10,864 10,333 10,442 9,993 9,499 8,712 8,253 7,837 7,899 0.8% -2.4%
World 82,088 83,355 91,971 92,178 92,644 95,207 95,361 89,053 90,282 1.4% 0.7%

European Union 27 888 715 616 543 543 532 494 497 472 -5.0% -3.7%
MENA 29,937 29,531 32,450 34,164 34,051 34,729 33,343 29,970 31,140 3.9% 0.5%
OECD 20,868 19,523 24,886 24,447 25,342 27,870 29,627 28,937 29,113 0.6% 3.7%
NON OECD 61,220 63,832 67,084 67,731 67,303 67,337 65,733 60,116 61,169 1.8% -0.4%
OPEC 33,935 33,309 36,030 37,097 36,821 36,788 34,961 30,800 31,578 2.5% -0.5%
NON OPEC 48,152 50,046 55,941 55,081 55,824 58,420 60,399 58,253 58,703 0.8% 1.5%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services data. All rights reserved.
Production
World Oil Production (2021)

90,282 thousand barrels/day
MIDDLE EAST 31% 4% EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA 25% 8% AFRICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA 15% 8% ASIA - PACIFIC
World Oil Production Growth (2005-2021)

-4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

2005-2010
EUROPE
2010-2015
AFRICA
2015-2021
ASIA - PACIFIC
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
NORTH AMERICA
MIDDLE EAST
Production
The World Top 10 Producers(*)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
United States 7,078 7,758 13,018 12,506 13,294 15,489 17,206 16,556 16,723 1.0% 7.2%
Saudi Arabia 10,927 9,971 12,045 12,344 11,876 12,345 11,914 11,106 11,036 -0.6% 0.9%
Russia 9,636 10,390 11,084 11,328 11,321 11,494 11,582 10,607 10,867 2.5% 0.4%
Canada 3,125 3,458 4,536 4,615 4,990 5,408 5,610 5,349 5,625 5.2% 4.5%
Iraq 1,833 2,430 4,078 4,503 4,563 4,663 4,812 4,148 4,132 -0.4% 4.9%
China 3,596 4,038 4,271 3,982 3,892 3,848 3,921 3,970 4,060 2.2% 0.0%
United Arab Emirates 2,994 2,831 3,762 3,848 3,740 3,801 4,009 3,694 3,561 -3.6% 2.1%
Iran 4,200 4,215 3,573 4,402 4,722 4,552 3,290 2,918 3,396 16.4% -1.9%
Brazil 1,708 2,152 2,547 2,628 2,755 2,713 2,897 3,044 3,004 -1.3% 3.1%
Kuwait 2,548 2,498 3,097 3,194 3,014 3,050 2,987 2,717 2,719 0.1% 0.8%

The World Top 10 47,645 49,741 62,011 63,350 64,167 67,362 68,228 64,108 65,123 1.6% 2.5%

Rest of the World 34,443 33,614 29,959 28,828 28,478 27,845 27,133 24,944 25,159 0.9% -2.6%

World 82,088 83,355 91,971 92,178 92,644 95,207 95,361 89,053 90,282 1.4% 0.7%

s
te
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bia
te
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ta
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dA
dS
da
iA
it
ia
ina
il
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ite
ite
na
ud
ss
az
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Ch
Un
Ca
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Ku
Ru
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Ira
Ira
Br
Share of World
4.6% 6.2% 12.0% 12.2% 18.5%
3.0% 3.3% 3.8% 3.9% 4.5%
(*)
Data source: IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services. All rights reserved.
Production
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 5,892 4,408 3,714 3,733 3,686 3,671 3,565 3,766 3,588 -4.7% -1.9%
Albania 7 13 23 19 17 16 18 17 16 -6.8% 2.0%

Austria 19 21 17 15 14 13 13 11 11 1.7% -5.8%
Belarus 36 34 33 33 32 34 34 34 34 -1.2% 0.0%
Bulgaria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
Croatia 20 18 14 15 15 15 14 13 12 -4.5% -3.3%
Czech Republic 6 5 7 5 7 6 5 6 6 0.4% 2.0%
Denmark 388 255 157 141 138 116 102 75 71 -6.0% -11.0%
Estonia 5 10 16 14 18 22 23 23 22 -4.7% 7.2%
France 25 42 31 31 30 21 34 35 40 16.4% -0.4%
Germany 78 76 67 68 67 67 62 76 60 -21.1% -2.2%
Greece 2 2 1 3 3 4 3 2 1 -35.6% -5.9%
Hungary 32 25 18 21 22 23 23 20 22 9.4% -1.0%
Italy 121 97 131 96 97 110 89 111 108 -3.0% 0.9%
Netherlands 47 33 36 24 24 23 18 20 19 -2.9% -5.0%
Norway 2,962 2,138 1,948 1,995 1,969 1,850 1,740 2,007 2,041 1.7% -0.4%
Poland 25 24 28 22 24 32 30 30 28 -8.0% 1.2%
Portugal 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 -93.5% -25.6%
Romania 112 89 82 78 74 73 73 70 67 -4.2% -2.5%
Serbia 13 17 20 18 18 17 17 16 15 -6.8% -1.0%
Slovakia 4 4 5 4 6 3 3 3 4 13.5% 0.5%
Spain 3 12 5 3 2 2 1 1 0 -76.1% -33.5%
Turkey 43 48 48 49 49 55 58 62 66 7.7% 2.9%
Ukraine 97 79 54 50 49 51 55 54 54 -0.2% -3.3%
United Kingdom 1,845 1,365 972 1,026 1,009 1,116 1,150 1,078 889 -17.5% -3.8%

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 9,636 10,390 11,084 11,328 11,321 11,494 11,582 10,607 10,867 2.5% 0.4%
Azerbaijan 449 1,042 849 829 784 793 765 699 704 0.7% -3.5%
Georgia 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -6.6% -9.1%
Kazakhstan 1,293 1,694 1,694 1,669 1,848 1,937 1,942 1,836 1,846 0.5% 0.8%
Kyrgyzstan 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -6.7% -2.3%
Tajikistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3% 5.0%
Turkmenistan 210 211 268 247 232 219 223 229 227 -1.1% 0.7%
Uzbekistan 108 75 52 48 46 43 40 38 41 7.5% -5.4%
(*)
Production
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 25,563 25,366 29,671 31,416 30,959 31,495 30,023 27,596 27,934 1.2% 0.9%
Bahrain 198 192 213 213 210 208 208 181 185 2.1% -0.3%
Iran 4,200 4,215 3,573 4,402 4,722 4,552 3,290 2,918 3,396 16.4% -1.9%
Iraq 1,833 2,430 4,078 4,503 4,563 4,663 4,812 4,148 4,132 -0.4% 4.9%
Kuwait 2,548 2,498 3,097 3,194 3,014 3,050 2,987 2,717 2,719 0.1% 0.8%
Oman 777 871 988 1,012 978 986 979 957 979 2.3% 1.1%
Qatar 1,216 1,668 1,856 1,859 1,787 1,800 1,724 1,771 1,822 2.9% 0.8%
Saudi Arabia 10,927 9,971 12,045 12,344 11,876 12,345 11,914 11,106 11,036 -0.6% 0.9%
Syria 448 385 27 25 25 24 34 43 43 1.1% -18.0%
Yemen 421 306 32 16 44 67 67 60 60 -1.1% -13.8%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 9,906 10,240 8,323 7,796 8,205 8,298 8,456 7,029 7,404 5.3% -2.9%
Algeria 1,931 1,720 1,590 1,605 1,530 1,512 1,490 1,356 1,373 1.2% -2.0%
Angola 1,245 1,800 1,796 1,743 1,701 1,543 1,449 1,328 1,178 -11.3% -3.8%
Cameroon 89 64 93 92 76 69 71 73 68 -7.6% 0.5%
Chad 170 120 139 129 112 128 118 106 96 -9.8% -2.0%
Congo 247 313 234 217 266 331 339 303 275 -9.3% -1.2%
Côte d’Ivoire 40 39 26 32 40 33 36 28 28 -0.4% -3.0%
Dem. Rep. Congo 25 22 21 19 24 23 23 22 21 -4.9% -0.3%
Egypt 649 700 696 664 639 649 633 597 571 -4.4% -1.8%
Equatorial Guinea 380 311 276 231 212 208 196 190 180 -5.7% -4.9%
Gabon 270 249 230 227 200 190 212 198 182 -8.4% -2.8%
Ghana 6 7 106 92 157 177 207 196 166 -15.1% 33.6%
Libya 1,721 1,661 437 426 877 1,029 1,159 384 1,225 218.7% -2.7%
Mauritania 0 9 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Niger 0 0 15 14 15 16 15 14 12 -9.6%
Nigeria 2,546 2,535 2,246 1,928 1,986 2,030 2,123 1,879 1,681 -10.5% -3.7%
South Africa 208 141 106 103 106 102 104 92 98 6.6% -3.3%
South Sudan 0 0 148 137 147 144 172 165 153 -7.3%
Sudan 305 465 105 81 67 71 69 61 62 0.9% -16.8%
Tunisia 73 84 55 53 46 43 39 37 38 3.1% -7.0%
(*)
Production
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 7,960 8,376 8,316 7,997 7,779 7,646 7,694 7,509 7,423 -1.1% -1.1%
Australia 545 549 371 345 315 342 453 453 440 -2.9% -2.0%
Bangladesh 3 7 8 11 12 12 11 11 10 -3.0% 3.7%
Brunei 206 169 127 121 113 111 121 110 109 -1.2% -3.9%
China 3,596 4,038 4,271 3,982 3,892 3,848 3,921 3,970 4,060 2.2% 0.0%
East Timor 89 88 45 30 21 15 23 14 14 0.0% -15.4%
India 778 880 872 852 861 845 803 750 728 -2.9% -1.7%
Indonesia 1,086 991 817 866 824 798 772 734 683 -7.0% -3.3%
Japan 19 18 12 11 12 10 11 10 10 -3.6% -5.4%
Malaysia 778 717 701 737 729 723 670 604 566 -6.3% -2.1%
Mongolia 1 6 24 22 20 19 18 18 17 -4.9% 9.8%
Myanmar 22 18 11 11 11 9 8 8 8 -3.0% -7.5%
New Zealand 24 60 48 41 37 30 30 26 23 -11.2% -8.2%
Pakistan 75 72 100 102 106 106 104 102 100 -2.4% 3.0%
Papua New Guinea 54 32 58 56 50 36 35 39 37 -5.4% 1.4%
Philippines 15 20 15 15 13 13 11 11 10 -3.0% -5.7%
South Korea 10 21 22 24 25 29 28 34 37 9.0% 5.4%
Taiwan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thailand 289 382 452 462 457 446 443 411 380 -7.5% 0.0%
Vietnam 371 308 363 310 280 252 232 204 191 -6.2% -4.2%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 21,067 21,550 27,996 27,114 27,783 29,609 31,069 29,742 30,247 1.7% 3.1%
Argentina 807 734 650 625 595 621 647 609 644 5.8% -1.2%
Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -5.0% -5.6%
Bolivia 50 56 78 78 76 72 68 64 63 -1.3% 1.2%
Brazil 1,708 2,152 2,547 2,628 2,755 2,713 2,897 3,044 3,004 -1.3% 3.1%
Canada 3,125 3,458 4,536 4,615 4,990 5,408 5,610 5,349 5,625 5.2% 4.5%
Chile 8 13 6 5 6 9 12 9 9 -6.4% -4.0%
Colombia 528 788 1,014 906 862 873 893 788 744 -5.6% -0.5%
Cuba 53 55 53 48 48 47 42 40 38 -6.6% -3.4%
Ecuador 536 470 548 555 537 523 536 484 477 -1.6% 0.1%
Guatemala 18 11 10 8 9 9 9 8 8 -9.5% -3.2%
Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 70 110 56.4%
Mexico 3,766 2,959 2,597 2,463 2,229 2,073 1,928 1,926 1,952 1.3% -3.7%
Peru 116 156 150 134 133 133 140 125 121 -3.2% -2.3%
Suriname 12 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 -4.9% -0.1%
Trinidad and Tobago 171 148 109 97 99 87 82 76 75 -1.9% -6.1%
United States 7,078 7,758 13,018 12,506 13,294 15,489 17,206 16,556 16,723 1.0% 7.2%
Venezuela 3,093 2,775 2,665 2,429 2,133 1,534 982 578 641 11.0% -12.5%
(*)
Production
The World Top 10 Natural Gas Liquids Producers(*)

(thousand barrels/day)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
United States 1,717 2,074 3,342 3,509 3,783 4,369 4,825 5,175 5,397 4.3% 9.1%
Saudi Arabia 1,493 1,710 1,805 1,848 1,838 1,939 1,890 1,816 1,833 0.9% 0.6%
Canada 668 608 708 792 839 904 961 949 1,007 6.1% 4.7%
Iran 321 510 727 850 910 973 931 922 977 6.0% 6.1%
United Arab Emirates 536 520 816 798 807 803 832 831 842 1.3% 4.5%
Algeria 603 515 481 494 483 470 466 458 462 0.8% -1.0%
Qatar 258 339 351 351 351 351 351 351 360 2.5% 0.5%
Nigeria 141 464 459 446 443 413 377 369 355 -3.8% -2.4%
Russia 145 251 365 364 341 333 332 338 343 1.5% 2.9%
Kuwait 125 200 310 310 307 305 305 303 303 0.2% 3.9%

The World Top 10 6,008 7,190 9,363 9,762 10,102 10,860 11,269 11,512 11,879 3.2% 4.7%

Rest of the World 2,263 2,448 2,254 2,256 2,297 2,235 2,199 2,035 1,932 -5.0% -2.1%

World 8,272 9,638 11,617 12,018 12,399 13,095 13,467 13,547 13,811 1.9% 3.3%

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Share of World
Ni
Al
3.3% 6.1% 7.1% 7.3% 13.3% 39.1%

2.2% 2.5% 2.6% 2.6%
(*)
Reserves/Production Ratio

(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 8 9 11 11 11 12 12 11 11
Russia and Central Asia 28 29 28 28 28 28 28 30 29
Middle East 81 86 74 70 71 70 79 86 85
Africa 31 34 42 45 42 41 40 48 44
Asia - Pacific 15 16 15 16 17 17 17 17 17
Americas 42 69 53 55 54 52 49 50 49
- North America 55 49 32 33 32 29 26 26 24
- Central South America 30 90 89 93 97 107 112 118 117
World 46 55 50 50 50 49 50 54 52
European Union 27 10 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 17
MENA 74 80 73 70 70 68 76 85 82
OECD 32 33 26 26 26 24 22 22 21
NON OECD 51 61 59 59 59 59 63 69 67
OPEC 73 96 90 88 88 88 97 111 108

NON OPEC 27 27 24 25 25 24 23 23 23
Reserves/Production Ratio (2021)

World: 52 years
CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA 117 EUROPE 11
MIDDLE EAST 85 ASIA - PACIFIC 17

Years
AFRICA 44 NORTH AMERICA 24
RUSSIA AND C. ASIA 29
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on Enerdata Global Energy Market & CO2 Data, IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services and other official data sources. All rights reserved.
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio(*)

(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Iran 89 98 121 98 90 94 174 196 168

Kuwait 109 111 90 87 92 91 93 102 102
Iraq 172 161 96 91 88 85 83 96 96
United Arab Emirates 89 95 71 70 72 70 72 79 85
Canada 158 139 104 101 94 86 83 86 81
Saudi Arabia 66 73 61 59 61 59 61 66 66
Russia 30 28 25 26 26 26 26 28 27
China 14 16 16 18 18 19 18 18 18
Brazil 19 18 14 13 13 13 12 11 10
United States 9 9 7 8 9 8 8 6 5
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Years
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Ch
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Ku
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Sa
Ira
Ira
Br
5 10 18 27 66 81 85 96 102 168
(*)
Countries(*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 8 9 11 11 11 12 12 11 11
Albania 78 61 37 43 47 49 46 49 52
Austria 9 9 12 14 14 15 17 20 19
Belarus 15 23 26 25 25 23 24 24 25
Bulgaria 42 60 64 62 60 60 62 63 63
Croatia 9 16 23 20 20 20 21 24 25
Czech Republic 7 12 9 11 8 10 13 10 10
Denmark 9 10 9 9 8 10 11 16 16
France 18 10 14 13 13 19 12 12 22
Germany 13 11 10 9 8 9 9 5 7
Greece 9 17 34 13 14 10 12 23 36
Hungary 9 4 6 5 5 5 5 6 6
Italy 10 16 12 15 16 14 16 13 15
Netherlands 6 12 12 17 17 17 23 22 12
Norway 9 9 11 10 11 13 13 11 10
Poland 11 16 15 18 16 12 13 14 14
Romania 11 19 20 21 22 22 23 23 24
Serbia 17 18 17 18 17 18 19 20 22
Slovakia 6 10 9 10 6 12 13 12 10
Spain 129 51 135 217 251 331 763 1,156
Turkey 19 22 23 22 21 19 19 18 17
Ukraine 11 20 31 32 33 31 30 31 31
United Kingdom 6 6 7 6 7 7 6 6 6
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 30 28 25 26 26 26 26 28 27
Azerbaijan 43 18 23 23 24 24 25 27 27
Georgia 73 165 292
Kazakhstan 19 49 49 49 44 42 42 45 45
Kyrgyzstan 51 175 140 151 162 177 203 224 240
Turkmenistan 7 8 6 7 7 8 7 7 7
Uzbekistan 15 22 31 34 35 38 41 43 40
(*)
Countries(*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 81 86 74 70 71 70 79 86 85
Bahrain 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3
Iran 89 98 121 98 90 94 174 196 168
Iraq 172 161 96 91 88 85 83 96 96
Kuwait 109 111 90 87 92 91 93 102 102
Oman 20 17 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Qatar 63 41 37 37 39 38 40 39 38
Saudi Arabia 66 73 61 59 61 59 61 66 66
Syria 18 18 258 272 278 285 204 159 157
Yemen 19 27 257 505 187 124 123 136 138
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 31 34 42 45 42 41 40 48 44
Algeria 17 19 21 21 22 22 22 25 24
Angola 20 14 15 15 14 14 15 15 6
Cameroon 12 12 9 9 11 12 12 12 12
Chad 24 34 30 32 37 32 35 39 43
Congo 21 18 35 38 31 25 16 16 18
Côte d’Ivoire 7 10 16 13 10 12 11 15 15
Dem. Rep. Congo 21 33 37 39 30 31 32 34 23
Egypt 16 18 14 14 14 13 14 14 15
Equatorial Guinea 13 15 11 13 14 15 15 16 17
Gabon 22 22 24 24 27 29 26 28 30
Ghana 8 271 17 20 11 10 9 9 11
Libya 66 78 303 311 151 129 114 345 108
Mauritania 43 92 99 117
Niger 26 29 26 25 27 30 33
Nigeria 39 40 45 53 52 50 48 54 60
South Sudan 65 70 65 66 56 58 63
Sudan 5 29 39 51 61 58 59 67 67
Tunisia 21 14 21 22 26 27 30 32 31
(*)
Countries(*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 15 16 15 16 17 17 17 17 17
Australia 19 19 18 19 21 19 14 14 11
Bangladesh 26 16 15 11 9 9 11 11 11
Brunei 15 18 24 25 27 27 25 27 28
China 14 16 16 18 18 19 18 18 18
India 21 18 15 15 14 15 16 17 14
Indonesia 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 9 10
Japan 9 10 15 16 15 17 17 18 19
Malaysia 18 14 14 13 14 14 15 16 17
Mongolia 74 7 29 32 35 36 47 49 52
Myanmar 6 11 19 19 18 22 26 27 28
New Zealand 6 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 11
Pakistan 11 17 13 13 12 12 12 13 13
Papua New Guinea 12 11 6 7 7 10 10 9 9
Philippines 26 28 39 38 43 42 52 54 56
Taiwan 12
Thailand 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Vietnam 23 39 33 39 43 48 52 59 63
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 42 69 53 55 54 52 49 50 49
Argentina 7 9 10 9 9 11 11 11 10
Barbados 8 8 12 12 13 13 14 15 16
Bolivia 25 33 25 25 25 26 29 31 31
Brazil 19 18 14 13 13 13 12 11 10
Canada 158 139 104 101 94 86 83 86 81
Chile 54 45 102 120 97 66 53 69 74
Colombia 8 7 6 6 5 6 6 7 7
Cuba 39 9 10 11 10 10 12 13 14
Ecuador 26 42 41 41 42 43 42 47 48
Guatemala 14 30 35 43 37 37 38 41 38
Mexico 12 13 10 10 9 9 10 10 11
Peru 25 22 22 25 20 18 16 16 17
Suriname 26 21 21 21 20 20 21 22 23
Trinidad and Tobago 13 15 18 7 7 8 8 9 9
United States 9 9 7 8 9 8 8 6 5
Venezuela 71 293 309 341 389 542 848 1,440 1,297
(*)
Consumption

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 17,093 15,921 14,955 15,181 15,565 15,476 15,506 13,563 14,243 5.0% -1.0%
Middle East 6,140 7,932 8,973 8,936 9,029 8,949 8,945 8,408 8,741 4.0% 0.9%
Africa 2,910 3,607 4,191 4,139 4,163 4,217 4,251 3,819 4,030 5.5% 1.0%
Asia - Pacific 24,298 27,540 32,207 32,978 34,194 34,890 35,600 33,858 35,855 5.9% 2.4%
Americas 30,807 30,218 31,123 31,132 31,268 31,664 31,825 28,163 30,262 7.5% 0.0%
- North America 23,484 21,755 22,127 22,292 22,505 23,115 23,212 20,651 22,273 7.9% 0.2%

World 84,558 88,642 95,662 96,452 98,478 99,465 100,438 91,919 97,525 6.1% 0.9%

European Union 27 13,391 12,396 11,424 11,519 11,827 11,762 11,789 10,351 10,883 5.1% -1.2%

MENA 7,498 9,624 10,798 10,698 10,754 10,671 10,643 9,918 10,370 4.6% 0.7%

OECD 50,777 47,313 46,830 47,273 47,795 48,079 48,150 42,450 45,104 6.3% -0.4%
NON OECD 33,781 41,329 48,832 49,179 50,683 51,386 52,288 49,469 52,421 6.0% 2.2%

OPEC 6,607 8,510 9,768 9,616 9,551 9,383 9,329 8,692 9,101 4.7% 0.6%
NON OPEC 77,951 80,132 85,894 86,836 88,927 90,082 91,109 83,227 88,424 6.2% 0.9%
(*)
Consumption
World Oil Consumption (2021)

4% AFRICA
9% MIDDLE EAST
15% EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC 37%
NORTH AMERICA 23%
World Oil Consumption Growth (2005-2021)

2005-2010 -4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000
2010-2015 AFRICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA

2015-2021
MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
ASIA - PACIFIC
Consumption
The World Top 10 Consumers(*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
United States 21,168 19,391 19,687 19,827 20,042 20,595 20,583 18,348 19,926 8.6% 0.2%
China 6,766 9,031 11,639 12,013 12,574 13,122 13,905 14,298 15,521 8.6% 5.0%
India 2,639 3,366 4,288 4,493 4,764 4,927 4,991 4,540 4,711 3.8% 3.1%
Russia 2,732 2,828 3,472 3,308 3,496 3,494 3,568 3,421 3,661 7.0% 2.4%
Saudi Arabia 1,941 3,121 3,836 3,818 3,701 3,558 3,589 3,471 3,498 0.8% 1.0%
Japan 5,292 4,400 4,167 4,035 3,945 3,850 3,739 3,326 3,415 2.7% -2.3%
Brazil 2,173 2,774 3,191 3,004 3,043 2,976 3,078 2,928 3,068 4.8% 0.9%
South Korea 2,191 2,269 2,473 2,605 2,630 2,567 2,599 2,437 2,587 6.2% 1.2%
Canada 2,316 2,364 2,440 2,465 2,463 2,520 2,629 2,303 2,347 1.9% -0.1%
Germany 2,624 2,467 2,368 2,383 2,450 2,326 2,346 2,149 2,136 -0.6% -1.3%

The World Top 10 49,842 52,011 57,561 57,951 59,108 59,935 61,027 57,221 60,870 6.4% 1.4%

Rest of the World 34,716 36,631 38,101 38,501 39,370 39,530 39,411 34,698 36,655 5.6% 0.0%

World 84,558 88,642 95,662 96,452 98,478 99,465 100,438 91,919 97,525 6.1% 0.9%
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Share of World
2.2% 2.4% 2.7% 3.1% 3.5% 3.6% 3.8% 4.8% 15.9% 20.4%
(*)
Consumption
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 17,093 15,921 14,955 15,181 15,565 15,476 15,506 13,563 14,243 5.0% -1.0%
Albania 29 26 26 28 30 27 29 27 28 3.7% 0.7%

Austria 297 278 258 262 263 269 279 238 246 3.4% -1.1%
Belarus 149 151 139 137 137 151 146 138 141 2.2% -0.6%
Belgium 660 653 623 632 638 683 642 565 636 12.6% -0.2%
Bosnia Herzegovina 23 34 31 35 35 35 34 32 32 0.0% -0.5%
Bulgaria 99 84 95 96 98 100 104 95 99 4.2% 1.5%
Croatia 94 78 69 68 73 72 71 63 66 4.8% -1.5%
Cyprus 57 57 48 52 53 53 53 47 49 4.3% -1.4%
Czech Republic 213 202 196 180 214 217 219 193 212 9.8% 0.4%
Denmark 183 167 154 158 159 161 165 137 140 2.2% -1.6%
Estonia 26 27 29 29 30 30 28 26 27 3.8% 0.0%
Finland 221 214 207 210 209 211 207 187 180 -3.7% -1.6%
France 1,989 1,817 1,747 1,710 1,737 1,686 1,689 1,421 1,542 8.5% -1.5%
Germany 2,624 2,467 2,368 2,383 2,450 2,326 2,346 2,149 2,136 -0.6% -1.3%
Gibraltar 79 83 74 75 84 82 84 84 84 0.0% 0.1%
Greece 424 370 295 296 303 300 310 250 266 6.4% -3.0%
Hungary 155 149 155 154 167 179 181 166 177 6.6% 1.6%
Iceland 17 15 17 19 21 23 20 15 14 -6.7% -0.6%
Ireland 197 163 145 152 154 159 159 135 142 5.2% -1.2%
Italy 1,781 1,544 1,274 1,237 1,244 1,272 1,255 1,050 1,176 12.0% -2.4%
Kosovo 10 11 14 14 15 15 16 15 15 0.0% 2.9%
Latvia 36 37 37 38 38 35 40 35 37 5.7% 0.0%
Lithuania 59 56 57 62 64 68 68 64 67 4.7% 1.6%
Luxembourg 65 60 56 56 59 63 64 51 53 3.9% -1.1%
Malta 31 47 43 45 51 52 54 49 51 4.1% 0.7%
Moldova 14 17 18 19 20 21 21 19 20 5.3% 1.5%
Montenegro 6 7 6 7 8 8 9 7 8 14.3% 1.2%
Netherlands 1,046 985 919 935 943 929 915 858 803 -6.4% -1.8%
North Macedonia 18 18 20 22 21 21 22 21 21 0.0% 1.4%
Norway 222 229 227 216 219 227 229 226 243 7.5% 0.5%
Poland 471 568 541 582 658 680 698 663 703 6.0% 2.0%
Portugal 337 274 237 237 242 231 249 203 211 3.9% -2.3%
Romania 224 176 194 204 217 214 228 227 238 4.8% 2.8%
Serbia 83 81 71 77 77 76 78 74 77 4.1% -0.5%
Slovakia 78 84 79 82 90 92 86 80 85 6.3% 0.1%
Slovenia 54 55 49 52 54 57 55 45 47 4.4% -1.4%
Spain 1,607 1,441 1,247 1,290 1,297 1,332 1,328 1,088 1,190 9.4% -1.7%
Sweden 363 343 302 317 322 291 296 266 304 14.3% -1.1%
Switzerland 267 261 227 228 225 222 220 185 185 0.0% -3.1%
Turkey 659 675 881 942 991 958 987 923 982 6.4% 3.5%
Ukraine 307 293 220 244 236 243 244 231 236 2.2% -1.9%
United Kingdom 1,819 1,624 1,560 1,599 1,619 1,605 1,578 1,215 1,274 4.9% -2.2%
(*)
Consumption
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 2,732 2,828 3,472 3,308 3,496 3,494 3,568 3,421 3,661 7.0% 2.4%
Armenia 9 9 7 7 8 8 10 9 9 0.0% 0.0%
Azerbaijan 104 74 96 96 102 103 110 97 101 4.1% 2.9%
Georgia 17 22 26 32 31 29 31 28 29 3.6% 2.5%
Kazakhstan 198 233 322 349 334 326 290 266 294 10.5% 2.1%
Kyrgyzstan 14 27 36 38 32 41 30 33 34 3.0% 2.1%
Tajikistan 6 11 22 22 21 24 27 26 28 7.7% 8.9%
Turkmenistan 117 126 151 149 150 151 152 138 144 4.3% 1.2%
Uzbekistan 113 94 81 85 85 93 93 90 94 4.4% 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 6,140 7,932 8,973 8,936 9,029 8,949 8,945 8,408 8,741 4.0% 0.9%
Bahrain 62 61 61 60 63 65 64 54 57 5.6% -0.6%

Iran 1,723 1,848 2,002 1,845 1,895 1,975 1,929 1,875 1,953 4.2% 0.5%
Iraq 496 565 606 655 689 713 756 689 703 2.0% 2.0%
Israel 233 251 217 221 238 232 234 203 215 5.9% -1.4%
Jordan 113 102 134 110 124 111 112 102 105 2.9% 0.3%
Kuwait 327 450 448 439 438 438 415 390 482 23.6% 0.6%
Lebanon 97 120 162 169 179 168 169 134 130 -3.0% 0.7%
Oman 75 126 185 194 191 233 214 196 237 20.9% 5.9%
Qatar 89 173 228 222 251 269 297 236 245 3.8% 3.2%
Saudi Arabia 1,941 3,121 3,836 3,818 3,701 3,558 3,589 3,471 3,498 0.8% 1.0%
Syria 324 307 126 138 153 144 131 128 129 0.8% -7.6%
United Arab Emirates 521 660 895 1,003 1,049 985 969 872 929 6.5% 3.2%
Yemen 139 148 73 62 58 58 66 58 58 0.0% -8.2%
(*)
Consumption
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 2,910 3,607 4,191 4,139 4,163 4,217 4,251 3,819 4,030 5.5% 1.0%
Algeria 271 351 447 430 425 437 446 406 422 3.9% 1.7%
Angola 42 99 154 135 119 117 125 115 114 -0.9% 1.3%
Benin 19 35 36 45 45 51 50 48 50 4.2% 3.3%
Cameroon 22 34 39 39 38 38 38 35 36 2.9% 0.5%
Congo 6 12 15 13 12 12 12 11 11 0.0% -0.8%
Côte d’Ivoire 24 24 45 50 50 52 56 53 55 3.8% 7.8%
Dem. Rep. Congo 12 16 21 16 18 17 18 15 15 0.0% -0.6%
Egypt 616 763 858 829 773 758 723 635 682 7.4% -1.0%
Ethiopia 33 44 69 81 87 99 106 98 98 0.0% 7.6%
Gabon 15 19 22 23 14 14 14 13 13 0.0% -3.4%
Ghana 48 71 85 94 95 103 107 101 104 3.0% 3.5%
Kenya 62 102 121 127 136 124 125 112 116 3.6% 1.2%
Libya 265 304 218 199 205 211 207 175 222 26.9% -2.8%
Morocco 192 257 274 277 293 288 297 271 280 3.3% 0.8%
Mozambique 12 16 26 28 28 28 30 28 28 0.0% 5.2%
Nigeria 301 293 415 427 431 434 465 453 502 10.8% 5.0%
Senegal 36 38 47 48 46 51 53 51 52 2.0% 2.9%
South Africa 496 587 640 607 643 659 647 555 576 3.8% -0.2%
South Sudan 0 0 14 13 12 12 13 11 12 9.1%
Sudan 72 114 117 133 134 133 131 122 122 0.0% 0.6%
Tanzania 14 17 28 27 29 28 25 23 23 0.0% 2.8%
Tunisia 91 88 102 98 104 103 103 91 92 1.1% 0.4%
Zambia 30 33 59 55 54 54 53 51 52 2.0% 4.2%
Zimbabwe 14 14 27 24 25 31 28 25 25 0.0% 5.4%
Others Africa 217 276 312 321 347 363 379 321 328 2.2% 1.6%
(*)
Consumption
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 24,298 27,540 32,207 32,978 34,194 34,890 35,600 33,858 35,855 5.9% 2.4%
Australia 962 1,045 1,123 1,117 1,168 1,185 1,178 1,022 1,044 2.2% 0.0%
Bangladesh 80 80 111 111 124 145 133 127 133 4.7% 4.7%
Brunei 14 16 17 15 15 17 20 43 60 39.5% 12.8%
China 6,766 9,031 11,639 12,013 12,574 13,122 13,905 14,298 15,521 8.6% 5.0%
Hong Kong 283 415 371 384 433 438 412 273 249 -8.8% -4.5%
India 2,639 3,366 4,288 4,493 4,764 4,927 4,991 4,540 4,711 3.8% 3.1%
Indonesia 1,317 1,406 1,683 1,594 1,703 1,858 1,835 1,579 1,717 8.7% 1.8%
Japan 5,292 4,400 4,167 4,035 3,945 3,850 3,739 3,326 3,415 2.7% -2.3%
Malaysia 509 586 688 708 731 712 740 632 681 7.8% 1.4%
Myanmar 42 24 74 89 141 143 148 143 120 -16.1% 15.8%
Nepal 16 22 27 44 54 60 54 50 51 2.0% 7.9%
New Zealand 153 153 161 168 177 180 185 152 147 -3.3% -0.4%
North Korea 18 17 18 20 18 18 19 18 18 0.0% 0.5%
Pakistan 335 400 526 577 575 462 466 437 500 14.4% 2.0%
Philippines 312 314 401 430 461 467 478 386 422 9.3% 2.7%
Singapore 861 1,162 1,294 1,349 1,408 1,404 1,370 1,293 1,309 1.2% 1.1%
South Korea 2,191 2,269 2,473 2,605 2,630 2,567 2,599 2,437 2,587 6.2% 1.2%
Sri Lanka 96 88 110 126 136 127 137 123 127 3.3% 3.4%
Taiwan 1,011 1,047 1,046 1,051 1,037 1,041 987 949 993 4.6% -0.5%
Thailand 1,008 1,118 1,362 1,392 1,418 1,457 1,462 1,350 1,354 0.3% 1.8%
Vietnam 263 395 415 449 467 480 495 456 469 2.9% 1.6%
Others Asia - Pacific 130 186 213 208 215 230 247 224 227 1.3% 1.8%
(*)
Consumption
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 30,807 30,218 31,123 31,132 31,268 31,664 31,825 28,163 30,262 7.5% 0.0%
Argentina 481 656 682 677 666 648 625 535 611 14.2% -0.6%
Bolivia 46 60 81 83 88 90 88 78 81 3.8% 2.8%
Brazil 2,173 2,774 3,191 3,004 3,043 2,976 3,078 2,928 3,068 4.8% 0.9%
Canada 2,316 2,364 2,440 2,465 2,463 2,520 2,629 2,303 2,347 1.9% -0.1%
Chile 272 322 331 352 357 363 362 324 351 8.3% 0.8%
Colombia 251 266 338 372 346 349 369 320 353 10.3% 2.6%
Costa Rica 44 50 53 57 59 60 60 54 56 3.7% 1.0%
Cuba 178 182 184 168 168 168 162 164 163 -0.6% -1.0%
Curacao 79 73 66 60 54 50 46 42 45 7.1% -4.3%
Dominican Republic 122 123 133 142 133 145 154 138 149 8.0% 1.8%
Ecuador 183 235 268 256 253 273 268 241 247 2.5% 0.5%
El Salvador 45 45 50 50 46 51 59 52 56 7.7% 2.0%
Guatemala 72 70 89 92 93 100 109 103 108 4.9% 4.0%
Haiti 11 16 22 23 23 23 23 21 20 -4.8% 2.0%
Honduras 41 46 60 57 54 57 57 51 53 3.9% 1.3%
Jamaica 70 51 52 56 53 60 60 52 55 5.8% 0.7%
Mexico 2,069 2,094 2,006 2,053 2,019 1,932 1,959 1,581 1,641 3.8% -2.2%
Nicaragua 28 29 34 36 36 33 34 32 34 6.3% 1.5%
Panama 91 122 144 151 164 139 150 110 132 20.0% 0.7%
Paraguay 25 36 47 53 60 63 62 59 61 3.4% 4.9%
Peru 156 200 236 248 262 266 274 220 265 20.5% 2.6%
Trinidad and Tobago 44 43 46 47 44 37 31 25 26 4.0% -4.5%
United States 21,168 19,391 19,687 19,827 20,042 20,595 20,583 18,348 19,926 8.6% 0.2%
Uruguay 42 51 52 51 49 52 52 47 48 2.1% -0.5%
Venezuela 699 788 710 629 573 489 402 222 252 13.5% -9.8%
Others Americas 101 131 121 123 120 125 129 113 114 0.9% -1.3%
(*)
Per Capita Consumption

(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 10.21 9.30 8.55 8.65 8.83 8.75 8.73 7.62 7.98
Russia and Central Asia 5.19 5.36 6.50 6.28 6.54 6.54 6.59 6.27 6.70
Middle East 11.98 13.65 13.90 13.61 13.52 13.18 12.95 11.99 12.25
Africa 1.28 1.41 1.45 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.17 1.20
Asia - Pacific 2.43 2.61 2.91 2.95 3.03 3.07 3.11 2.93 3.08
Americas 12.79 11.88 11.65 11.54 11.49 11.54 11.50 10.10 10.79
- North America 26.08 23.11 22.57 22.55 22.60 23.06 23.02 20.40 21.96
- Central South America 4.85 5.28 5.32 5.17 5.08 4.91 4.90 4.23 4.46

World 4.74 4.68 4.76 4.75 4.79 4.79 4.78 4.33 4.55

European Union 27 11.20 10.25 9.38 9.45 9.69 9.62 9.63 8.45 8.89

MENA 8.00 9.24 9.38 9.13 9.02 8.80 8.62 7.91 8.13

OECD 14.93 13.42 12.87 12.91 12.97 12.97 12.93 11.35 12.02
NON OECD 2.34 2.68 2.97 2.95 3.01 3.01 3.03 2.83 2.97

OPEC 6.76 7.73 7.89 7.60 7.40 7.13 6.95 6.34 6.51
NON OPEC 4.63 4.49 4.56 4.56 4.62 4.63 4.64 4.19 4.41
Per Capita Consumption (2021)

sia
ica
lA
er
ra
Am
nt
ica
e
th
ic
dC
st
er
ou
cif
Ea
an
Am
lS
Pa
pe
le
ia
ra
a
rth
-
idd
ss
ric
nt
ro
ia
Barrels
No
Ce
As
Ru
Eu
Af
1.20 3.08 4.46 6.70 7.98 12.25 21.96
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services and IHS Global Insight data. All rights reserved.
The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption(*)

(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Saudi Arabia 29.75 41.54 44.14 42.95 40.81 38.53 38.23 36.39 36.13
Canada 26.25 25.41 24.96 24.96 24.63 24.86 25.56 22.12 22.41
United States 26.06 22.86 22.30 22.29 22.37 22.86 22.74 20.20 21.91
South Korea 16.42 16.72 17.76 18.65 18.79 18.31 18.52 17.35 18.40
Japan 15.05 12.49 11.88 11.53 11.29 11.05 10.76 9.60 9.89
Germany 11.74 11.14 10.57 10.58 10.82 10.21 10.25 9.36 9.29
Russia 6.94 7.19 8.74 8.31 8.77 8.75 8.93 8.56 9.16
Brazil 4.26 5.17 5.70 5.32 5.34 5.19 5.32 5.03 5.23
China 1.86 2.41 3.02 3.10 3.23 3.35 3.54 3.63 3.92
India 0.84 1.00 1.19 1.24 1.30 1.33 1.33 1.20 1.23
bia
te
ea
ta
or
ra
y
dS
an
hK
da
iA
ia
n
ina
il
rm
ite
na
ud
pa
ss
ia
ut
az
Ind
Ge
Ch
Un
Ca
So
Ru
Sa
Ja
Br
Barrels
1.23 3.92 5.23 9.16 9.29 9.89 18.40 21.91 22.41 36.13
(*)
Countries(*)
(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 10.21 9.30 8.55 8.65 8.83 8.75 8.73 7.62 7.98
Albania 3.43 3.25 3.29 3.55 3.81 3.43 3.70 3.46 3.60
Austria 13.13 12.07 10.85 10.93 10.88 11.04 11.37 9.65 9.93
Belarus 5.69 5.85 5.37 5.29 5.29 5.83 5.64 5.33 5.45
Belgium 22.84 21.79 20.14 20.32 20.39 21.71 20.31 17.79 19.96
Bosnia Herzegovina 2.23 3.35 3.30 3.77 3.81 3.84 3.76 3.56 3.58
Bulgaria 4.70 4.13 4.82 4.90 5.04 5.18 5.42 4.99 5.24
Croatia 7.84 6.58 5.95 5.90 6.37 6.32 6.27 5.60 5.90
Cyprus 28.38 25.40 20.68 22.37 22.63 22.38 22.09 19.36 19.96
Czech Republic 7.58 7.00 6.75 6.19 7.34 7.43 7.48 6.58 7.22
Denmark 12.32 10.97 9.88 10.10 10.12 10.22 10.43 8.63 8.79
Estonia 7.00 7.40 8.05 8.04 8.30 8.28 7.71 7.15 7.44
Finland 15.34 14.56 13.78 13.94 13.84 13.95 13.66 12.32 11.84
France 11.88 10.55 9.89 9.65 9.78 9.47 9.47 7.95 8.60
Germany 11.74 11.14 10.57 10.58 10.82 10.21 10.25 9.36 9.29
Greece 13.79 12.40 10.10 10.18 10.46 10.41 10.80 8.75 9.36
Hungary 5.61 5.48 5.79 5.76 6.26 6.73 6.82 6.27 6.71
Iceland 21.04 17.09 18.79 20.88 22.92 24.93 21.53 16.04 14.88
Ireland 17.36 13.06 11.38 11.81 11.83 12.04 11.89 9.98 10.40
Italy 11.15 9.50 7.68 7.44 7.48 7.66 7.57 6.34 7.11
Kosovo 2.14 2.26 2.84 2.88 3.07 3.06 3.25 3.04 3.03
Latvia 5.83 6.37 6.76 7.03 7.11 6.62 7.66 6.77 7.23
Lithuania 6.44 6.54 7.10 7.83 8.21 8.86 8.99 8.58 9.09
Luxembourg 51.82 43.12 36.07 35.29 36.38 38.06 37.94 29.74 30.47
Malta 28.10 41.43 35.70 36.47 40.44 39.90 40.50 35.93 36.59
Moldova 1.76 2.16 2.31 2.46 2.63 2.81 2.85 2.62 2.81
Montenegro 3.57 4.12 3.52 4.11 4.69 4.69 5.28 4.11 4.69
Netherlands 23.33 21.55 19.80 20.10 20.22 19.88 19.53 18.28 17.07
North Macedonia 3.23 3.17 3.51 3.86 3.68 3.68 3.85 3.68 3.68
Norway 17.49 17.11 15.93 15.01 15.09 15.52 15.54 15.22 16.23
Poland 4.48 5.41 5.19 5.59 6.33 6.55 6.72 6.39 6.79
Portugal 11.71 9.44 8.34 8.38 8.59 8.22 8.89 7.27 7.57
Romania 3.82 3.14 3.55 3.76 4.03 4.00 4.30 4.31 4.54
Serbia 4.07 4.05 3.65 3.98 4.00 3.97 4.10 3.91 4.09
Slovakia 5.27 5.67 5.30 5.50 6.03 6.16 5.75 5.35 5.68
Slovenia 9.88 9.82 8.64 9.15 9.49 10.01 9.66 7.90 8.25
Spain 13.33 11.21 9.75 10.10 10.15 10.41 10.37 8.49 9.29
Sweden 14.66 13.33 11.29 11.76 11.87 10.65 10.76 9.61 10.92
Switzerland 13.19 12.20 9.99 9.93 9.71 9.50 9.35 7.80 7.75
Turkey 3.54 3.41 4.09 4.31 4.46 4.25 4.32 3.99 4.21
Ukraine 2.39 2.34 1.79 1.99 1.94 2.00 2.02 1.93 1.98
United Kingdom 11.01 9.34 8.65 8.80 8.86 8.73 8.53 6.53 6.82
(*)
Countries(*)
(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 6.94 7.19 8.74 8.31 8.77 8.75 8.93 8.56 9.16
Armenia 1.10 1.14 0.87 0.87 0.99 0.99 1.23 1.11 1.11
Azerbaijan 4.45 2.99 3.64 3.60 3.78 3.78 4.00 3.49 3.61
Georgia 1.47 1.96 2.36 2.91 2.82 2.64 2.83 2.56 2.66
Kazakhstan 4.69 5.23 6.69 7.14 6.74 6.50 5.71 5.17 5.65
Kyrgyzstan 1.01 1.82 2.21 2.28 1.89 2.37 1.71 1.85 1.87
Tajikistan 0.32 0.53 0.95 0.93 0.86 0.96 1.06 1.00 1.05
Turkmenistan 8.98 9.04 9.90 9.60 9.51 9.42 9.34 8.35 8.59
Uzbekistan 1.56 1.20 0.96 0.99 0.97 1.05 1.03 0.98 1.01
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 11.98 13.65 13.90 13.61 13.52 13.18 12.95 11.99 12.25
Bahrain 25.45 17.94 16.23 15.36 15.39 15.12 14.23 11.58 11.90
Iran 9.01 9.14 9.31 8.46 8.57 8.81 8.49 8.15 8.38
Iraq 6.72 6.93 6.22 6.53 6.70 6.77 7.02 6.25 6.23
Israel 13.02 12.47 9.93 9.95 10.54 10.10 10.03 8.56 8.93
Jordan 7.16 5.56 5.12 4.10 4.50 3.93 3.87 3.45 3.47
Kuwait 53.25 56.11 43.22 40.95 39.76 38.95 36.12 34.46 42.82
Lebanon 7.53 8.84 9.05 9.19 9.58 8.94 9.00 7.17 7.01
Oman 10.90 15.12 15.82 15.81 14.94 17.61 15.70 14.79 17.49
Qatar 37.54 34.02 32.44 30.53 33.62 35.30 38.28 30.93 32.31
Saudi Arabia 29.75 41.54 44.14 42.95 40.81 38.53 38.23 36.39 36.13
Syria 6.44 5.25 2.56 2.88 3.27 3.10 2.80 2.67 2.58
United Arab Emirates 41.45 28.18 35.27 39.11 40.36 37.33 36.20 32.18 33.94
Yemen 2.52 2.33 1.01 0.83 0.76 0.74 0.83 0.71 0.69
(*)
Countries(*)
(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 1.28 1.41 1.45 1.40 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.17 1.20
Algeria 2.98 3.56 4.11 3.87 3.75 3.78 3.78 3.38 3.45
Angola 0.79 1.55 2.02 1.71 1.46 1.39 1.43 1.28 1.23
Benin 0.87 1.39 1.24 1.51 1.47 1.62 1.55 1.45 1.47
Cameroon 0.45 0.61 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.48 0.48
Congo 0.60 1.02 1.13 0.95 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.73 0.71
Côte d’Ivoire 0.48 0.43 0.71 0.77 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.73 0.74
Dem. Rep. Congo 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.06
Egypt 2.98 3.37 3.39 3.20 2.93 2.81 2.63 2.26 2.39
Ethiopia 0.16 0.18 0.25 0.29 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.31
Gabon 3.97 4.46 4.59 4.69 2.79 2.73 2.67 2.43 2.38
Ghana 0.80 1.05 1.11 1.20 1.19 1.26 1.28 1.19 1.20
Kenya 0.62 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.99 0.88 0.87 0.76 0.77
Libya 16.68 17.90 12.40 11.19 11.37 11.53 11.15 9.30 11.64
Morocco 2.30 2.90 2.89 2.88 3.01 2.92 2.97 2.68 2.74
Mozambique 0.21 0.25 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.32
Nigeria 0.79 0.67 0.84 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.84 0.80 0.87
Senegal 1.18 1.09 1.18 1.17 1.09 1.17 1.19 1.11 1.10
South Africa 3.78 4.18 4.22 3.94 4.12 4.16 4.03 3.42 3.50
South Sudan 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.36 0.38
Sudan 0.68 0.96 1.10 1.23 1.21 1.17 1.13 1.03 1.01
Tanzania 0.86 0.72 0.72 0.67 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.56 0.55
Tunisia 3.29 3.02 3.33 3.16 3.32 3.25 3.21 2.81 2.81
Zambia 0.43 0.46 0.64 0.60 0.63 0.59 0.51 0.46 0.44
Zimbabwe 0.42 0.40 0.71 0.62 0.64 0.78 0.70 0.61 0.60
(*)
Countries(*)
(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 2.43 2.61 2.91 2.95 3.03 3.07 3.11 2.93 3.08
Australia 17.40 17.22 17.13 16.80 17.34 17.37 17.06 14.63 14.78
Bangladesh 0.21 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.29
Brunei 14.00 15.03 14.95 13.04 12.90 14.47 16.85 35.88 49.60
China 1.86 2.41 3.02 3.10 3.23 3.35 3.54 3.63 3.92
Hong Kong 15.26 21.74 18.84 19.35 21.63 21.69 20.22 13.29 12.03
India 0.84 1.00 1.19 1.24 1.30 1.33 1.33 1.20 1.23
Indonesia 2.12 2.12 2.38 2.22 2.35 2.53 2.47 2.11 2.27
Japan 15.05 12.49 11.88 11.53 11.29 11.05 10.76 9.60 9.89
Malaysia 7.23 7.58 8.30 8.42 8.58 8.24 8.45 7.13 7.58
Myanmar 0.31 0.17 0.51 0.61 0.96 0.97 1.00 0.96 0.80
Nepal 0.23 0.30 0.36 0.59 0.71 0.78 0.69 0.63 0.63
New Zealand 13.50 12.78 12.73 13.16 13.74 13.85 14.12 11.51 11.04
North Korea 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.25 0.25
Pakistan 0.76 0.81 0.96 1.03 1.01 0.79 0.79 0.72 0.81
Philippines 1.32 1.22 1.43 1.51 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.29 1.39
Singapore 73.67 82.66 84.46 87.09 90.03 89.01 86.15 80.67 81.03
South Korea 16.42 16.72 17.76 18.65 18.79 18.31 18.52 17.35 18.40
Sri Lanka 1.79 1.59 1.92 2.19 2.35 2.18 2.35 2.10 2.16
Taiwan 16.33 16.54 16.26 16.28 16.02 16.04 15.16 14.54 15.18
Thailand 5.62 6.07 7.23 7.37 7.48 7.66 7.66 7.06 7.07
Vietnam 1.15 1.64 1.63 1.75 1.80 1.83 1.87 1.71 1.74
(*)
Countries(*)
(barrels)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 12.79 11.88 11.65 11.54 11.49 11.54 11.50 10.10 10.79
Argentina 4.51 5.85 5.78 5.68 5.53 5.33 5.09 4.32 4.89
Bolivia 1.82 2.18 2.72 2.75 2.87 2.89 2.79 2.44 2.50
Brazil 4.26 5.17 5.70 5.32 5.34 5.19 5.32 5.03 5.23
Canada 26.25 25.41 24.96 24.96 24.63 24.86 25.56 22.12 22.41
Chile 6.13 6.89 6.72 7.06 7.05 7.07 6.97 6.19 6.67
Colombia 2.15 2.15 2.60 2.82 2.58 2.57 2.68 2.30 2.51
Costa Rica 3.75 3.99 3.99 4.25 4.35 4.38 4.34 3.87 3.98
Cuba 5.77 5.92 5.93 5.41 5.41 5.41 5.22 5.28 5.26
Curacao 222.85 180.51 152.46 137.42 122.77 112.95 103.29 93.76 99.87
Dominican Republic 4.89 4.63 4.72 4.98 4.62 4.98 5.23 4.64 4.96
Ecuador 4.83 5.71 6.03 5.67 5.50 5.83 5.63 4.99 5.04
El Salvador 2.71 2.66 2.89 2.87 2.63 2.90 3.34 2.93 3.14
Guatemala 2.01 1.75 2.00 2.02 2.01 2.12 2.26 2.10 2.16
Haiti 0.44 0.59 0.75 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.67 0.63
Honduras 2.01 2.02 2.40 2.24 2.09 2.17 2.13 1.88 1.92
Jamaica 9.32 6.62 6.57 7.03 6.62 7.46 7.43 6.41 6.75
Mexico 7.12 6.70 6.01 6.08 5.91 5.59 5.60 4.48 4.60
Nicaragua 1.88 1.82 1.99 2.08 2.06 1.86 1.90 1.76 1.85
Panama 9.97 12.22 13.24 13.65 14.58 12.15 12.89 9.31 11.00
Paraguay 1.57 2.10 2.56 2.85 3.19 3.31 3.21 3.02 3.08
Peru 2.04 2.51 2.83 2.93 3.04 3.04 3.08 2.44 2.90
Trinidad and Tobago 12.39 11.82 12.25 12.45 11.60 9.72 8.11 6.52 6.76
United States 26.06 22.86 22.30 22.29 22.37 22.86 22.74 20.20 21.91
Uruguay 4.61 5.54 5.56 5.44 5.20 5.50 5.48 4.94 5.03
Venezuela 9.65 10.11 8.61 7.69 7.11 6.18 5.15 2.85 3.20
(*)
Production/Consumption Ratio
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 0.34 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.28 0.25
Middle East 4.16 3.20 3.31 3.52 3.43 3.52 3.36 3.28 3.20
Africa 3.40 2.84 1.99 1.88 1.97 1.97 1.99 1.84 1.84
Asia - Pacific 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21
Americas 0.68 0.71 0.90 0.87 0.89 0.94 0.98 1.06 1.00
- North America 0.43 0.52 0.79 0.77 0.81 0.90 0.98 1.06 1.00

World 0.97 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.93

European Union 27 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04

MENA 3.99 3.07 3.01 3.19 3.17 3.25 3.13 3.02 3.00

OECD 0.41 0.41 0.53 0.52 0.53 0.58 0.62 0.68 0.65
NON OECD 1.81 1.54 1.37 1.38 1.33 1.31 1.26 1.22 1.17

OPEC 5.14 3.91 3.69 3.86 3.86 3.92 3.75 3.54 3.47
NON OPEC 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.70 0.66
Production/Consumption Ratio (2021)

sia
ca
lA
eri
tra
Am
en
ica
ic
dC
uth
st
er
cif
Ea
an
Am
So
Pa
pe
le
ia
al
a
rth
-
ntr
idd
ss
ric
ro
ia
No
As
Ru
Ce
Eu
Af
0.99 1.00 1.84 3.11 3.20

0.21 0.25
(*)
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Iraq 3.70 4.30 6.73 6.88 6.62 6.54 6.36 6.02 5.88
Kuwait 7.79 5.55 6.91 7.27 6.88 6.96 7.20 6.97 5.64
Saudi Arabia 5.63 3.19 3.14 3.23 3.21 3.47 3.32 3.20 3.15
Russia 3.53 3.67 3.19 3.42 3.24 3.29 3.25 3.10 2.97
Canada 1.35 1.46 1.86 1.87 2.03 2.15 2.13 2.32 2.40
Iran 2.44 2.28 1.78 2.39 2.49 2.30 1.71 1.56 1.74
Brazil 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.91 0.94 1.04 0.98
United States 0.33 0.40 0.66 0.63 0.66 0.75 0.84 0.90 0.84
China 0.53 0.45 0.37 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.26
s
te
ira
m
bE
s
bia
te
ra
ta
ra
dA
dS
da
iA
it
ia
ina
il
wa
ite
ite
na
ud
ss
az
q
n
Ch
Un
Ca
Un
Ku
Ru
Sa
Ira
Ira
Br
0.26 0.84 0.98 1.74 2.40 2.97 3.15 3.83 5.64 5.88
(*)
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 0.34 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.28 0.25
Albania 0.24 0.50 0.88 0.68 0.57 0.59 0.62 0.64 0.57
Austria 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04
Belarus 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.24
Bulgaria 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Croatia 0.21 0.23 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.19
Czech Republic 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03
Denmark 2.12 1.53 1.02 0.89 0.87 0.72 0.62 0.55 0.50
Estonia 0.18 0.38 0.55 0.49 0.61 0.72 0.81 0.88 0.81
France 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03
Germany 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03
Greece 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
Hungary 0.21 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13
Italy 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.09
Netherlands 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Norway 13.34 9.34 8.58 9.23 8.99 8.15 7.60 8.88 8.40
Poland 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04
Romania 0.50 0.50 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.28
Serbia 0.16 0.21 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.20
Slovakia 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
Spain 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkey 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
Ukraine 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.23
United Kingdom 1.01 0.84 0.62 0.64 0.62 0.70 0.73 0.89 0.70
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 3.53 3.67 3.19 3.42 3.24 3.29 3.25 3.10 2.97
Azerbaijan 4.31 14.08 8.85 8.63 7.69 7.70 6.96 7.20 6.97
Georgia 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Kazakhstan 6.53 7.27 5.26 4.78 5.53 5.94 6.70 6.90 6.28
Kyrgyzstan 0.16 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02
Tajikistan 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Turkmenistan 1.79 1.67 1.78 1.66 1.55 1.45 1.47 1.66 1.58
Uzbekistan 0.96 0.80 0.64 0.56 0.54 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.43
(*)
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 4.16 3.20 3.31 3.52 3.43 3.52 3.36 3.28 3.20
Bahrain 3.20 3.14 3.49 3.54 3.33 3.20 3.25 3.36 3.25
Iran 2.44 2.28 1.78 2.39 2.49 2.30 1.71 1.56 1.74
Iraq 3.70 4.30 6.73 6.88 6.62 6.54 6.36 6.02 5.88
Kuwait 7.79 5.55 6.91 7.27 6.88 6.96 7.20 6.97 5.64
Oman 10.36 6.91 5.34 5.22 5.12 4.23 4.57 4.88 4.13
Qatar 13.67 9.64 8.14 8.37 7.12 6.69 5.81 7.50 7.44
Saudi Arabia 5.63 3.19 3.14 3.23 3.21 3.47 3.32 3.20 3.15
Syria 1.38 1.25 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.34 0.34
Yemen 3.03 2.07 0.44 0.26 0.76 1.15 1.02 1.04 1.03
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 3.40 2.84 1.99 1.88 1.97 1.97 1.99 1.84 1.84
Algeria 7.12 4.90 3.56 3.73 3.60 3.46 3.34 3.34 3.25
Angola 29.65 18.19 11.66 12.91 14.30 13.19 11.59 11.55 10.33
Cameroon 4.07 1.88 2.38 2.35 1.99 1.81 1.87 2.09 1.88
Congo 41.13 26.07 15.61 16.72 22.16 27.55 28.28 27.58 25.02
Côte d’Ivoire 1.67 1.63 0.58 0.64 0.80 0.63 0.65 0.53 0.50
Dem. Rep. Congo 2.08 1.38 1.00 1.19 1.33 1.35 1.28 1.49 1.42
Egypt 1.05 0.92 0.81 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.87 0.94 0.84
Gabon 18.00 13.11 10.44 9.87 14.32 13.57 15.18 15.25 13.97
Ghana 0.13 0.10 1.24 0.97 1.66 1.72 1.93 1.94 1.60
Libya 6.50 5.47 2.01 2.14 4.28 4.88 5.60 2.20 5.52
Nigeria 8.46 8.65 5.41 4.52 4.61 4.68 4.57 4.15 3.35
South Africa 0.42 0.24 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17
South Sudan 10.55 10.51 12.27 12.02 13.19 14.96 12.71
Sudan 4.24 4.08 0.90 0.61 0.50 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.51
Tunisia 0.80 0.95 0.54 0.54 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.40 0.41
(*)
Countries(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.21
Australia 0.57 0.53 0.33 0.31 0.27 0.29 0.38 0.44 0.42
Bangladesh 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08
Brunei 14.69 10.57 7.46 8.06 7.54 6.56 6.05 2.56 1.81
China 0.53 0.45 0.37 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.26
India 0.29 0.26 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.15
Indonesia 0.82 0.70 0.49 0.54 0.48 0.43 0.42 0.46 0.40
Malaysia 1.53 1.22 1.02 1.04 1.00 1.02 0.91 0.96 0.83
Myanmar 0.52 0.75 0.15 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06
New Zealand 0.16 0.39 0.30 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.16
Pakistan 0.22 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.20
Philippines 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02
South Korea 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Thailand 0.29 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.28
Vietnam 1.41 0.78 0.88 0.69 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.45 0.41
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 0.68 0.71 0.90 0.87 0.89 0.94 0.98 1.06 1.00
Argentina 1.68 1.12 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.96 1.04 1.14 1.05
Bolivia 1.08 0.93 0.96 0.94 0.86 0.80 0.77 0.82 0.78
Brazil 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.91 0.94 1.04 0.98
Canada 1.35 1.46 1.86 1.87 2.03 2.15 2.13 2.32 2.40
Chile 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02
Colombia 2.10 2.96 3.00 2.44 2.49 2.50 2.42 2.46 2.11
Cuba 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23
Ecuador 2.93 2.00 2.04 2.17 2.12 1.92 2.00 2.01 1.93
Guatemala 0.25 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07
Mexico 1.82 1.41 1.29 1.20 1.10 1.07 0.98 1.22 1.19
Peru 0.75 0.78 0.63 0.54 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.46
United States 0.33 0.40 0.66 0.63 0.66 0.75 0.84 0.90 0.84
Venezuela 4.42 3.52 3.75 3.86 3.72 3.14 2.44 2.60 2.54
(*)
Oil - Trade and Prices
REGIONAL CRUDE BALANCES

Crude Surplus Deficit by Area
EXPORTS
The World Top 10 Exporters
Countries
IMPORTS
The World Top 10 Importers
Countries
CRUDE FUTURE PRICES AND OPEN INTERESTS

Regional Crude Balances(*)
Crude Surplus Deficit by Area(*)

∆ ∆
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe -9,783 -9,449 -9,675 -9,531 -9,978 -9,726 -9,749 -8,015 -8,327 -312 1,122
Russia and Central Asia 6,344 7,127 6,734 7,056 7,194 7,290 7,374 6,595 6,550 -45 -577
Middle East 17,054 16,040 19,304 20,552 19,912 20,252 18,894 17,355 16,862 -493 822
Africa 6,686 7,251 5,828 5,305 5,736 5,787 5,948 4,706 5,213 507 -2,039
Asia - Pacific -13,240 -15,970 -19,260 -20,598 -21,702 -22,678 -23,178 -21,824 -22,868 -1,044 -6,898
Americas -5,940 -4,639 -241 -647 -345 794 2,464 3,746 2,542 -1,204 7,181
- North America -9,653 -8,161 -4,286 -4,698 -4,334 -2,721 -878 332 -592 -924 7,569
- Central South America 3,713 3,522 4,045 4,051 3,989 3,515 3,342 3,414 3,134 -280 -388

World 1,121 360 2,691 2,137 816 1,720 1,752 2,561 -28 -2,590 -389
Crude Surplus Deficit by Area (2020 and 2021)

2020 2021
6.59 6.55
RUSSIA AND C. ASIA

17.36 16.86
0.33 EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
-0.59 -8.02 -8.33 ASIA - PACIFIC
MIDDLE EAST
4.71 5.21
AFRICA
3.41 3.13
-21.82 -22.87
(*)
Data source: Eni’s elaborations on IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services and Wood MacKenzie data. All rights reserved.
OIL - TRADE AND PRICES 59
Exports
The World Top 10 Exporters (*)

Crude and non conventional oil
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Saudi Arabia 7,209 6,644 7,163 7,463 6,968 7,372 7,038 6,659 6,227 -6.5% -0.6%
Russia 5,100 4,912 4,937 5,105 5,092 5,246 5,398 4,715 4,565 -3.2% -0.7%
Canada 1,578 1,948 3,029 3,104 3,318 3,651 3,778 3,633 3,755 3.3% 6.1%
Iraq 1,472 1,890 3,005 3,804 3,802 3,862 3,968 3,428 3,440 0.3% 5.6%
United States 34 42 465 593 1,158 2,048 2,982 3,175 2,951 -7.0% 47.3%
Kuwait 1,651 1,430 1,964 2,128 2,010 2,050 1,986 1,826 1,740 -4.7% 1.8%
Nigeria 2,326 2,464 2,114 1,738 1,811 1,979 2,008 1,879 1,592 -15.3% -3.9%
Norway 2,316 1,586 1,223 1,363 1,348 1,243 1,222 1,492 1,549 3.8% -0.2%
Kazakhstan 1,093 1,386 1,255 1,206 1,385 1,396 1,400 1,412 1,355 -4.0% -0.2%

Rest of the World 18,019 17,422 14,747 15,393 15,637 14,995 13,405 11,742 12,139 3.4% -3.2%
World 42,993 41,828 42,344 44,304 44,908 46,138 45,599 42,379 41,618 -1.8% 0.0%

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kh
ria
it
ia
wa
rw
ite
ite
na
ud
za
ss
ge
q
No
Un
Un
Ca
Ka
Ku
Ru
Sa
Ira
Ni
Share of World
3.3% 3.7% 3.8% 4.2% 5.5% 7.1% 8.3% 9.0% 11.0% 15.0%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy Market & CO2 Data, IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Services and other official data sources. All rights reserved.
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe
Albania 0 9 18 16 9 11 11 11 9 -20.3% 0.0%

Belarus 27 0 32 32 32 33 33 24 11 -53.0%
Belgium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Croatia 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 11 -2.5%
Czech Republic 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Denmark 273 154 90 78 82 56 46 22 17 -21.7% -18.1%
France 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Germany 14 14 7 2 0 0 2 0 0 -100.0%
Greece 18 17 2 3 3 4 5 2 2 -5.6% -18.8%
Hungary 7 0 2 1 3 8 3 4 3 -8.5%
Ireland 0 2 0 0 6 0 1 4 2 -58.6% -1.0%
Italy 15 6 14 12 15 10 0 4 3 -2.3% -5.2%
Lithuania 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -29.7% -12.5%
Netherlands 21 10 6 7 8 9 8 8 6 -17.8% -4.2%
Norway 2,316 1,586 1,223 1,363 1,348 1,243 1,222 1,492 1,549 3.8% -0.2%
Poland 5 4 5 4 4 6 5 4 4 -9.1% -1.4%
Romania 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 -2.9% -18.1%
Slovakia 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 -15.6%
Sweden 0 0 0 0 16 0 6 1 21 2048.0%
United Kingdom 978 733 589 616 686 810 827 721 598 -17.1% -1.8%
Ukraine 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 12.5%
(*)
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia and Central Asia
Russia 5,100 4,912 4,937 5,105 5,092 5,246 5,398 4,715 4,565 -3.2% -0.7%
Azerbaijan 286 853 657 650 610 603 554 497 483 -2.8% -5.0%
Georgia 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kazakhstan 1,093 1,386 1,255 1,206 1,385 1,396 1,400 1,412 1,355 -4.0% -0.2%
Kyrgyzstan 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 -100.0%
Turkmenistan 50 26 69 50 34 21 16 12 10 -18.1% -8.3%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East
Bahrain 150 151 149 155 152 154 153 148 152 2.6% 0.1%
Iran 2,394 2,248 1,081 1,922 2,125 1,850 651 404 763 88.6% -9.4%
Iraq 1,472 1,890 3,005 3,804 3,802 3,862 3,968 3,428 3,440 0.3% 5.6%
Kuwait 1,651 1,430 1,964 2,128 2,010 2,050 1,986 1,826 1,740 -4.7% 1.8%
Oman 718 745 844 882 806 793 850 786 804 2.3% 0.7%
Qatar 697 650 580 576 527 528 571 568 581 2.3% -1.0%
Saudi Arabia 7,209 6,644 7,163 7,463 6,968 7,372 7,038 6,659 6,227 -6.5% -0.6%
Syria 208 163 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Yemen 296 183 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
(*)
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa
Algeria 968 709 642 669 633 571 584 439 446 1.7% -4.1%
Angola 947 1,711 1,711 1,670 1,577 1,421 1,319 1,220 1,080 -11.5% -4.1%
Cameroon 82 56 84 86 69 57 65 63 58 -7.6% 0.4%
Chad 174 122 95 103 84 102 113 106 96 -9.8% -2.2%
Congo 235 288 227 254 261 307 309 282 251 -11.2% -1.2%
Dem. Rep. Congo 25 22 21 20 24 23 23 22 21 -5.1% -0.4%
Egypt 41 188 247 227 210 214 168 181 198 9.3% 0.5%
Equatorial Guinea 275 206 182 158 125 121 110 115 93 -18.9% -7.0%
Gabon 249 225 206 205 188 174 207 196 181 -7.6% -2.0%
Ghana 0 0 104 85 163 177 203 193 160 -17.0%
Ivory Coast 40 38 27 30 37 30 35 27 28 4.0% -2.8%
Libya 1,306 1,299 288 350 792 999 1,036 347 1,091 214.2% -1.6%
Mauritania 0 8 5 6 3 3 2 0 0 -100.0%
Mozambique 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Nigeria 2,326 2,464 2,114 1,738 1,811 1,979 2,008 1,879 1,592 -15.3% -3.9%
South Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 83.6%
South Sudan 0 0 148 137 147 144 168 156 140 -10.2%
Sudan 236 387 12 7 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Tunisia 59 77 38 37 33 28 33 25 27 9.6% -9.1%
(*)
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific
Australia 226 311 219 198 178 213 246 251 254 0.9% -1.8%
Brunei 198 148 116 105 98 92 107 68 0 -100.0% -100.0%
China 162 61 57 59 97 53 16 33 52 59.2% -1.4%
Indonesia 433 323 315 344 281 208 72 87 121 39.2% -8.5%
Malaysia 382 345 323 334 301 302 300 313 230 -26.6% -3.6%
Mongolia 1 6 22 22 21 17 18 11 17 49.8% 10.3%
Myanmar 7 0 2 3 5 5 4 3 4 27.6%
New Zealand 12 47 39 30 26 21 22 18 13 -26.5% -10.9%
Pakistan 0 0 6 4 8 11 11 7 6 -3.0%
Papua New Guinea 47 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Philippines 15 19 16 15 13 13 12 31 30 -3.7% 4.3%
Singapore 3 9 15 15 16 15 14 14 14 -2.6% 3.6%
Thailand 66 29 1 31 33 31 26 23 15 -34.2% -6.0%
Vietnam 359 161 184 137 136 78 88 103 96 -6.5% -4.6%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas
Argentina 151 92 37 45 29 59 66 78 59 -24.4% -4.0%

Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -46.8% -4.0%
Bolivia 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brazil 275 632 737 847 1,042 1,078 1,228 1,371 1,335 -2.6% 7.0%
Canada 1,578 1,948 3,029 3,104 3,318 3,651 3,778 3,633 3,755 3.3% 6.1%
Chile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -100.0%
Colombia 229 501 790 626 630 597 573 556 499 -10.2% 0.0%
Ecuador 344 336 412 389 365 355 375 346 320 -7.6% -0.4%
Guatemala 16 10 9 7 8 6 5 4 3 -21.8% -10.5%
Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 110 50.4%
Mexico 2,002 1,446 1,235 1,265 1,252 1,271 1,189 1,190 1,081 -9.2% -2.6%
Peru 13 19 8 2 2 7 6 11 0 -100.0% -100.0%
Trinidad and Tobago 72 45 31 28 27 22 58 56 58 4.8% 2.3%
United States 34 42 465 593 1,158 2,048 2,982 3,175 2,951 -7.0% 47.3%
Venezuela 2,198 1,562 1,974 1,835 1,596 1,273 847 487 448 -8.0% -10.7%
(*)
Imports
The World Top 10 Importers (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
China 2,543 4,767 6,728 7,641 8,412 9,263 10,141 10,882 10,294 -5.4% 7.2%
United States 10,921 9,862 7,363 7,872 7,973 7,770 6,801 5,877 6,108 3.9% -4.3%
India 2,026 3,335 4,135 4,361 4,493 4,617 4,626 4,005 4,289 7.1% 2.3%
South Korea 2,309 2,355 2,755 2,905 3,012 3,006 2,896 2,642 2,588 -2.0% 0.9%
Japan 4,093 3,436 3,203 3,137 3,158 2,995 2,953 2,416 2,455 1.6% -3.0%
Germany 2,246 1,865 1,825 1,825 1,815 1,704 1,721 1,655 1,629 -1.5% -1.2%
Spain 1,191 1,049 1,295 1,283 1,319 1,352 1,326 1,097 1,123 2.4% 0.6%
Italy 1,790 1,570 1,251 1,218 1,327 1,241 1,263 1,007 1,134 12.6% -2.9%
Netherlands 1,046 1,023 1,046 1,083 1,081 1,086 1,142 991 1,050 5.9% 0.2%
Singapore 1,180 896 976 1,042 1,156 1,129 1,074 929 900 -3.1% 0.0%

Rest of the World 14,468 13,001 12,946 12,889 13,191 13,037 12,903 11,340 11,343 0.0% -1.2%

World 43,814 43,159 43,522 45,256 46,937 47,200 46,846 42,839 42,913 0.2% -0.1%
s
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an
hK
er
ina
ga
ain
rm
ite
pa
ia
th
ut
ly
Sin
Ind
Ne
Ge
Ch
Un
So
Sp
Ita
Ja
Share of World
3.8% 5.7% 6.0% 10.0% 14.2% 24.0%
2.1% 2.4% 2.6% 2.6%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe

Austria 157 135 162 147 144 167 172 149 151 1.7% 1.0%
Belarus 386 295 458 363 363 365 360 319 320 0.2% 0.7%
Belgium 639 668 642 637 682 660 690 547 574 4.9% -1.4%
Bosnia-Herzegovina 3 23 19 19 17 14 0 0 0 -100.0%
Bulgaria 121 109 122 124 138 118 140 98 79 -19.0% -2.9%
Croatia 81 72 47 51 57 60 41 40 42 6.3% -4.8%
Czech Republic 155 155 143 107 156 149 155 123 137 10.8% -1.1%
Denmark 54 54 83 77 96 94 101 93 104 11.1% 6.1%
Finland 191 215 203 221 237 236 236 209 159 -23.8% -2.7%
France 1,685 1,283 1,135 1,085 1,138 1,051 967 662 677 2.3% -5.6%
Germany 2,246 1,865 1,825 1,825 1,815 1,704 1,721 1,655 1,629 -1.5% -1.2%
Greece 374 403 442 469 473 487 457 455 456 0.2% 1.1%
Hungary 129 115 124 120 119 134 122 122 120 -1.6% 0.4%
Ireland 65 61 73 64 64 60 52 62 61 -1.7% 0.0%
Italy 1,790 1,570 1,251 1,218 1,327 1,241 1,263 1,007 1,134 12.6% -2.9%
Lithuania 178 180 170 186 196 193 193 157 160 2.1% -1.1%
Netherlands 1,046 1,023 1,046 1,083 1,081 1,086 1,142 991 1,050 5.9% 0.2%
North Macedonia 20 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Norway 16 11 22 11 36 63 61 61 48 -21.3% 14.1%
Poland 358 454 530 491 493 537 532 498 472 -5.2% 0.4%
Portugal 261 220 282 269 284 252 225 211 187 -11.1% -1.4%
Romania 179 120 136 154 159 170 178 145 143 -1.9% 1.6%
Serbia 62 38 37 45 50 55 48 52 59 13.5% 4.0%
Slovakia 110 109 118 117 112 109 103 113 109 -3.3% 0.0%
Spain 1,191 1,049 1,295 1,283 1,319 1,352 1,326 1,097 1,123 2.4% 0.6%
Sweden 402 397 402 394 397 398 341 372 360 -3.3% -0.9%
Switzerland 95 90 56 59 57 60 55 56 46 -18.9% -6.0%
Turkey 468 339 501 499 515 419 622 587 628 7.0% 5.8%
United Kingdom 1,044 953 847 792 885 883 902 708 720 1.7% -2.5%
Ukraine 292 155 5 10 18 14 16 25 31 25.4% -13.6%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)

Russia 49 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Azerbaijan 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Georgia 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Kazakhstan 75 120 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 103.1% -38.6%
Tajikistan 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 -100.0%
Uzbekistan 0 13 17 22 21 24 13 14 16 9.2% 1.9%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East

Bahrain 230 235 216 210 220 220 223 177 183 3.2% -2.3%
Iran 43 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Israel 204 221 234 207 234 231 247 247 247 0.0% 1.0%
Jordan 90 68 68 58 56 47 47 42 42 -0.7% -4.3%
Syria 0 0 110 122 138 119 99 75 75 -0.6%
United Arab Emirates 0 0 38 52 68 42 53 163 187 14.7%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa

Algeria 6 6 6 5 5 5 3 0 0 -100.0%
Cameroon 30 34 28 30 20 11 6 0 0 -100.0%
Egypt 50 73 64 119 120 122 104 97 83 -13.9% 1.2%
Ghana 39 33 6 29 5 4 17 14 10 -27.8% -10.3%
Ivory Coast 76 59 62 34 48 49 58 51 51 -0.8% -1.4%
Kenya 35 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Morocco 144 109 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Senegal 20 13 22 23 24 20 20 19 19 1.8% 3.4%
Sierra Leone 4 4 6 6 6 5 5 0 0 -100.0%
South Africa 405 385 364 413 347 379 440 361 285 -21.1% -2.7%
Sudan 0 0 6 18 14 15 15 9 15 66.5%
Tunisia 23 4 19 19 13 11 3 17 16 -5.9% 13.8%
Zambia 8 13 13 10 10 12 14 6 0 -100.0% -100.0%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific

Australia 379 469 315 330 331 357 325 236 195 -17.6% -7.7%
Bangladesh 22 26 22 27 24 22 24 26 28 9.2% 0.7%
Brunei 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 66 0 -100.0%
China 2,543 4,767 6,728 7,641 8,412 9,263 10,141 10,882 10,294 -5.4% 7.2%
India 2,026 3,335 4,135 4,361 4,493 4,617 4,626 4,005 4,289 7.1% 2.3%
Indonesia 332 284 384 415 396 316 210 188 267 42.0% -0.6%
Japan 4,093 3,436 3,203 3,137 3,158 2,995 2,953 2,416 2,455 1.6% -3.0%
Laos 0 0 4 5 6 8 3 0 0 -100.0% -100.0%
Malaysia 164 159 171 222 207 189 198 185 100 -46.2% -4.1%
New Zealand 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1.1% 0.4%
North Korea 90 98 102 106 110 99 103 79 68 -12.9% -3.2%
Pakistan 176 136 177 177 211 183 180 203 311 53.2% 7.8%
Papua New Guinea 18 20 13 27 28 26 26 30 28 -6.7% 3.3%
Philippines 215 184 213 215 211 235 171 93 90 -3.2% -6.3%
Singapore 1,180 896 976 1,042 1,156 1,129 1,074 929 900 -3.1% 0.0%
Sri-Lanka 40 36 34 34 30 35 37 33 37 10.9% 0.2%
South Korea 2,309 2,355 2,755 2,905 3,012 3,006 2,896 2,642 2,588 -2.0% 0.9%
Taiwan 1,045 876 841 859 853 880 889 740 763 3.1% -1.3%
Thailand 828 849 891 878 927 980 873 853 880 3.2% 0.3%
Vietnam 0 0 4 9 24 109 155 234 290 23.7%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas

Argentina 4 0 16 15 22 10 0 0 0
Brazil 343 339 298 155 145 186 172 168 202 20.2% -4.6%
Canada 928 770 570 806 822 759 922 720 702 -2.4% -0.8%
Chile 204 158 169 169 175 171 183 146 163 11.2% 0.3%
Colombia 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 10.6%
Costa Rica 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Cuba 39 89 78 66 50 45 44 41 45 10.7% -6.0%
Dominican Republic 42 27 16 23 20 25 24 10 10 4.9% -8.7%
El Salvador 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -100.0%
Guatemala 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 9 23 24 24 20 21 27 22 22 -0.8% -0.4%
Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
Netherland Antilles 232 89 185 162 87 65 0 0 0 -100.0%
Nicaragua 15 15 15 12 14 13 11 10 10 -0.5% -3.6%
Paraguay 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Peru 98 97 87 107 128 115 107 42 0 -100.0% -100.0%
Trinidad and Tobago 92 68 78 101 88 63 0 0 0 -100.0%
United States 10,921 9,862 7,363 7,872 7,973 7,770 6,801 5,877 6,108 3.9% -4.3%
Uruguay 41 39 39 39 10 42 39 38 40 4.7% 0.4%
Venezuela 0 9 33 6 1 2 4 6 6 0.3% -3.7%
(*)
Crude Future Prices and Open Interests(*)
Crude Future Prices

(US$/barrel)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
ICE Brent 55.3 80.3 53.6 45.1 54.7 71.7 64.2 43.2 70.9 64.2% -1.1%
CME WTI 56.7 79.6 48.8 43.5 50.9 64.9 57.0 39.3 68.1 73.1% -1.4%
Total Open Interests

(no. contracts - daily totals)
∆ y/y CAGR
(2021-2020) (2021-2010)
ICE Brent 350,337 813,445 1,922,243 2,195,065 2,401,096 2,369,529 2,379,096 2,544,098 2,418,589 -4.9% 10.4%
CME WTI 819,675 1,341,531 1,679,710 1,818,925 2,282,425 2,378,026 2,077,109 2,126,738 2,265,907 6.5% 4.9%
ICE Brent Price 1 Month(*) WTI vs Brent 1 Month Differential(*)

(US$/barrel) (US$/barrel)
120.0 4.0
0.0
100.0
-4.0
80.0 -8.0
-12.0
60.0
-16.0
40.0 -20.0
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
ICE Brent Total Open Interests(*) CME WTI Total Open Interests(*)
(no. contracts - daily totals) (no. contracts - daily totals)
3,000,000 3,000,000
2,500,000 2,500,000
2,000,000 2,000,000
1,500,000 1,500,000
1,000,000 1,000,000
500,000 500,000
0 0
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
(*)
Data source: ICE London and CME New York.
Oil - Production Quality
WORLD
Crude Production by Quality
Crude Production by Gravity
Crude Production by Sulphur Content
Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes
EUROPE
Countries
RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA

Countries
MIDDLE EAST
Countries
AFRICA
Countries
ASIA - PACIFIC
Countries
AMERICAS
Countries
World
Crude Production by Quality (Gravity and Sulphur Content)(*)

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
World (A) 74,091 74,227 80,680 80,555 80,615 82,359 82,151 75,731 76,648
Ultra Light 1,952 2,334 2,825 2,791 2,747 2,762 2,769 2,682 2,640 3.1% 3.4%
Light & Sweet 13,918 13,360 14,718 14,246 14,852 16,871 18,070 15,992 16,189 18.0% 21.1%
Light & Medium Sour 2,645 3,707 3,834 3,673 3,863 3,941 3,812 3,354 3,290 5.0% 4.3%
Light & Sour 2,340 2,156 2,606 2,633 2,639 2,764 3,019 2,878 2,924 2.9% 3.8%
Medium & Sweet 8,277 8,788 9,371 8,608 8,780 8,334 8,703 8,710 8,658 11.8% 11.3%
Medium & Medium Sour 2,691 2,861 2,983 3,044 3,175 3,623 4,160 4,488 4,516 3.9% 5.9%
Medium & Sour 31,229 30,362 32,284 33,886 33,118 32,844 31,068 27,966 28,258 40.9% 36.9%
Heavy & Sweet 1,602 1,705 1,506 1,490 1,313 1,315 1,305 1,222 1,200 2.3% 1.6%
Heavy & Medium Sour 2,213 2,549 2,551 2,366 2,326 2,217 1,803 1,662 1,660 3.4% 2.2%
Heavy & Sour 6,447 5,718 7,333 7,209 7,206 7,101 6,872 6,169 6,672 7.7% 8.7%
Unassigned production: (B) 777 687 668 610 595 588 572 609 639 0.9% 0.8%
% Unassigned production (B/A) 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
Crude Production by Gravity (*)

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
World 74,091 74,227 80,680 80,555 80,615 82,359 82,151 75,731 76,648
Light 20,854 21,556 23,983 23,342 24,101 26,338 27,669 24,906 25,044 29.0% 32.7%
Medium 42,197 42,012 44,638 45,538 45,074 44,801 43,931 41,164 41,432 56.6% 54.1%
Heavy 10,263 9,972 11,390 11,065 10,845 10,633 9,979 9,053 9,532 13.4% 12.4%
Unassigned production 777 687 668 610 595 588 572 609 639 0.9% 0.8%
Crude Production by Sulphur Content (*)

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
World 74,091 74,227 80,680 80,555 80,615 82,359 82,151 75,731 76,648
Sweet 25,749 26,187 28,420 27,134 27,693 29,282 30,846 28,606 28,688 35.3% 37.4%
Medium Sour 7,549 9,118 9,368 9,083 9,364 9,780 9,774 9,504 9,466 12.3% 12.3%
Sour 40,016 38,236 42,223 43,728 42,963 42,709 40,959 37,013 37,855 51.5% 49.4%
Unassigned production 777 687 668 610 595 588 572 609 639 0.9% 0.8%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s elaborations on IEA (2022) Monthly Oil Data Service data. All rights reserved.
OIL - PRODUCTION QUALITY 75
World
Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2021 (*)

50
WL
CP
Middle East
45 EF
SH Americas
WT TP
EL BK Russia & Central Asia
NK
FT Europe
40 MU Asia - Pacific
EK
AE Africa
GO
JU
ES
35 AZ
EV EP AL
MN TL ZU
BH WS
DQ SN IL KW
DC AN IS BL
AM
LU MR KB
30
API degree
UL IH
GR BM
DS SG AH
25
BH
DA
DR MY
20
PG
15
10 CL
= 500 thousand barrels/day
5
-0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5
Sulphur contest (%)
AC Algerian C.te (Algeria) CL Cold Lake (Canada) GO Goliat (Norway) PG Peng Lai (China)
AE Arab Extra L. (Saudi Arabia) CP CPC Blend (Kazakh-Russia) GR Grane (Norway) SG Shengli (China)
AH Arab Heavy (Saudi Arabia) DA Dalia (Angola) IH Iran Heavy (Iran) SH Saharan B. (Algeria)
AL Arab Light (Saudi Arabia) DC DUC Blend (Denmark) IL Iran Light (Iran) SN Syncrude (Canada)
AM Arab Medium (Saudi Arabia) DQ Daquing (China) IS Isthmus (Mexico) TL Troll (Norway)
AN Alaskan Nth. Sl. (U.S.A.) DR Duri (Indonesia) JU Jubilee (Ghana) TP Tapis (Malaysia)
AZ Azeri Light (Azerbaijan) DS Dar Blend (Sudan) KB Kirkuk Blend (Iraq) UL Urals (Russia)
BH Bach Ho (Vietnam) EF Eagle Ford (U.S.A.) KW Kuwait (Kuwait) WL West Texas Light (USA)
BH Basrah Heavy (Iraq) EK Ekofisk (U.K., Norway) LU Lula (Brazil) WS West Texas Sour (U.S.A.)
BK Bakken Blend (U.S.A.) EL El Sharara (Libya) MN Minas (Indonesia) WT West Texas Int. (U.S.A.)
BL Basrah Light (Iraq) EP Espo (Russia) MR Mars (U.S.A.) ZU Upper Zakum (U.A.E.)
BM Basrah Medium (Iraq) ES Es Sider (Libya) MU Murban (U.A.E.)
CB Cabinda (Angola) EV Escravos (Nigeria) MY Maya (Mexico)
CH Changqing (China) FT Forties (U.K.) NK N'Kossa (Congo)
(*)
Data source: Eni.
World
Crude Production by Quality(*)

90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Heavy & Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sweet Medium & Sour Light & Sour Light & Sweet

(selected years, thousand barrels/day)
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Light & Sweet Light & Sour Medium & Sweet Medium & Sour Heavy & Sweet Heavy & Sour
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Europe

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Europe (A) 5,313 3,862 3,162 3,173 3,110 3,102 3,028 3,215 3,120
Ultra Light 139 72 48 36 33 31 30 25 15 1.9% 0.5%

Light & Sweet 3,092 1,670 1,386 1,354 1,188 1,191 1,114 1,105 1,070 43.2% 34.3%
Light & Medium Sour 103 646 512 524 541 534 522 465 372 16.7% 11.9%
Light & Sour 88 68 77 51 62 75 64 82 84 1.8% 2.7%
Medium & Sweet 890 553 445 493 487 410 342 283 249 14.3% 8.0%
Medium & Medium Sour 106 86 79 75 72 71 393 716 797 2.2% 25.5%
Medium & Sour 1 29 15 6 0 0 0 0 0 0.8% 0.0%
Heavy & Sweet 55 85 39 43 69 132 157 142 141 2.2% 4.5%
Heavy & Medium Sour 398 276 199 249 332 325 80 75 76 7.1% 2.4%
Heavy & Sour 79 57 40 39 32 32 28 31 26 1.5% 0.8%
Unassigned production (B) 362 319 322 304 294 301 298 291 290 8.3% 9.3%
Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2021(**)

50
AG
45
SF GL
FT
GO
40
EK BB VA
FU
OS FL
35
API degree
TL
AV
30 DC
GR
FO
25
HR
20 AB
CT
15
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
Sulphur contest (%)
AB Alba (U.K.) DC DUC Blend (Denmark) FU Fulmar (U.K.) OS Oseberg (Norway)

AG Asgard (Norway) EK Ekofisk (U.K., Norway) GO Goliat (Norway) SF Statfjord (U.K., Norway)
AV Alvheim blend (Norway) FL Flotta (U.K.) GL Gullfaks (Norway) TL Troll (Norway)
BB Brent Blend (U.K.) FO Foinaven (U.K.) GR Grane (Norway) VA Val d'Agri Blend (Italy)
CT Captain (U.K.) FT Forties (U.K.) HR Heidrun (Norway)
(*)
(**)
Data source: Eni.
Europe

5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Heavy & Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sweet Medium & Sour Light & Sour Light & Sweet

3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Europe
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Denmark 388 255 156 141 137 114 101 71 66
Light & Sweet 120 24 9 9 7 5 4 3 3 9.5% 3.8%

Medium & Sweet 268 231 147 132 130 109 97 68 63 90.5% 96.2%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Italy 115 96 100 71 78 89 78 101 100
Light & Sweet 4 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.4% 0.4%

Light & Sour 88 68 77 51 62 75 64 82 84 71.3% 83.7%
Medium & Sour 1
Heavy & Sour 21 21 23 20 16 14 14 18 16 22.3% 15.9%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Norway 2,690 1,871 1,610 1,648 1,617 1,515 1,441 1,719 1,792
Ultra Light 139 72 48 36 33 31 30 25 15 3.9% 0.8%

Light & Sweet 1,773 1,242 1,105 1,048 944 898 799 790 808 66.4% 45.1%
Light & Medium Sour 31 14 14 11 8 5 5 3 1.6% 0.2%
Medium & Sweet 459 275 266 319 326 278 232 201 179 14.7% 10.0%
Medium & Medium Sour 323 649 732 40.8%
Medium & Sour 29 15 6 1.6%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Romania 106 86 79 75 72 71 70 68 65
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
United Kingdom 1,652 1,235 894 934 912 1,012 1,041 965 807
Light & Sweet 1,194 398 272 296 238 287 310 311 259 32.2% 32.1%
Medium & Sweet 163 47 31 41 30 24 14 13 7 3.8% 0.9%
Medium & Sour
Heavy & Sweet 55 85 39 43 69 132 157 142 141 6.8% 17.5%
Heavy & Sour 58 36 18 19 16 18 15 13 10 2.9% 1.2%
(*)

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Russia and Central Asia (A) 11,554 13,162 13,583 13,757 13,891 14,154 14,221 13,072 13,338
Ultra Light 247 250 286 286 305 298 276 286 276 1.9% 2.1%
Light & Sweet 442 1,458 1,100 1,120 1,082 1,129 1,101 1,029 1,025 11.1% 7.7%
Light & Medium Sour 885 1,045 1,278 1,250 1,423 1,571 1,648 1,528 1,592 7.9% 11.9%
Light & Sour 62 45 41 35 36 26 0.3%
Medium & Sweet 355 393 298 256 245 238 248 248 233 3.0% 1.7%
Medium & Medium Sour 291 617 1,301 1,313 1,404 1,589 1,663 1,668 1,679 4.7% 12.6%
Medium & Sour 9,267 9,352 9,278 9,496 9,395 9,303 9,284 8,312 8,531 71.1% 64.0%
Heavy & Sweet
Heavy & Medium Sour
Heavy & Sour
(*)
Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2021(*)

50
CP
45
SK
CH
40
API degree
SO
AZ
35 EP
TB
30 UL
25
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Sulphur contest (%)
AZ Azeri Light (Azerbaijan) SO Sokol Urals Odessa

CH Cheleken (Turkmenistan) TB Turkmenistan Blend (Turkmenistan) Urals Baltico
CP CPC Blend (Kazakh-Russia) UL Urals (Russia) Other Urals
EP Espo (Russia) UL Urals Druzhba
SK Sakhalin Blend (Russia) Urals Novorossiysk
(*)
Data source: Eni.

16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Medium & Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Sweet

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Ultra Light Light & Sweet Light & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sour
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Russia 9,491 10,139 10,719 10,964 10,980 11,161 11,251 10,269 10,524
Light & Sweet 139 267 281 301 312 355 362 350 328 2.6% 3.1%
Medium & Sweet 96 1.0%
Medium & Medium Sour 318 1,069 1,104 1,164 1,373 1,463 1,455 1,502 3.1% 14.3%
Medium & Sour 9,222 9,322 9,267 9,483 9,384 9,286 9,265 8,307 8,528 91.9% 81.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Azerbaijan 448 1,041 848 828 783 792 764 698 703
Light & Sweet 303 900 710 703 660 668 639 575 590 86.4% 84.0%
Medium & Sweet 145 141 139 125 123 125 125 123 112 13.6% 16.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Kazakhstan 1,293 1,694 1,694 1,669 1,848 1,937 1,942 1,836 1,846
Ultra Light 247 250 286 286 305 298 276 286 276 14.8% 15.0%
Light & Sweet 236 13.9%
Light & Medium Sour 755 909 1,175 1,174 1,303 1,423 1,466 1,338 1,392 53.7% 75.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Turkmenistan 210 211 268 247 232 219 223 229 227
Light & Sweet 55 109 116 110 106 99 104 107 26.1% 47.0%
Medium & Sweet 210 156 159 132 122 113 124 126 120 73.9% 53.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Uzbekistan 108 75 52 48 46 43 40 38 36
Light & Medium Sour 21 34 33 92,2%

Light & Sour 62 45 41 35 36 26 60,4%
Medium & Sour 46 30 11 13 10 17 19 4 3 39,6% 7,8%
(*)
Middle East

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Middle East 22,660 21,831 25,329 26,914 26,423 26,782 25,365 23,020 23,251
Ultra Light 185 559 705 705 701 701 636 671 689 2.6% 3.0%
Light & Sweet 223 228 132 123 117 200 204 224 250 1.0% 1.1%
Light & Medium Sour 1,437 1,511 1,635 1,522 1,567 1,510 1,362 1,086 955 6.9% 4.1%
Light & Sour 2,170 1,974 2,433 2,527 2,523 2,647 2,941 2,783 2,826 9.0% 12.2%
Medium & Sweet
Medium & Sour 17,745 16,842 18,970 20,512 19,867 20,036 18,503 16,804 16,817 77.1% 72.3%
Heavy & Sweet
Heavy & Medium Sour
Heavy & Sour 603 605 1,442 1,514 1,613 1,653 1,657 1,415 1,676 2.8% 7.2%
(*)
Middle East

52
AS
48 KL
44
MA
40 MU DK
AE
SY
QM
36
LV
API degree
ZU
IL SR
32 KW
MS AM BL
OM AL
FB KB
IH AU
28 AQ BM
AH
DU
24 BH
SO
20 NO
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Sulphur contest (%)
= 1,000 thousand barrels/day
AU Abu Safah (Bahrain) DU Dubai (U.A.E.) MS Masila (Yemen)

AE Arab Extra Light (Saudi Arabia) DK Dukham (Qatar) MU Murban (U.A.E.)
AH Arab Heavy (Saudi Arabia) FB Foroozan Blend (Iran) NO Nowrooz (Iran)
AL Arab Light (Saudi Arabia) IH Iran Heavy (Iran) OM Oman (Oman)
AM Arab Medium (Saudi Arabia) IL Iran Light (Iran) QM Qatar Marine (Qatar)
AQ Al Shaheen (Qatar) KB Kirkuk Blend (Iraq) SY Syrian Light (Syria)
AS Arab Super Light (Saudi Arabia) KW Kuwait (Kuwait) SO Souedieh (Syria)
BL Basrah Light (Iraq) KL Kuwait Super Light(Kuwait) SR Sirri (Iran)
BM Basrah Medium (Iraq) LV Lavan Blend (Iran) ZU Upper Zakum (U.A.E.)
BH Basrah Heavy (Iraq) MA Marib (Yemen)
(*)
Data source: Eni.
Middle East

30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Light & Sour Light & Sweet Medium & Sour Heavy & Sour

20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Light & Sweet Light & Sour Medium & Sour Heavy & Sour
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Middle East
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Bahrain 187 182 202 202 200 197 197 171 175
Medium & Sour 187 182 202 202 200 197 197 171 175 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Iran 3,879 3,705 2,846 3,552 3,811 3,579 2,361 1,997 2,420
Light & Sour 63 72 77 75 71 2.9%

Medium & Sour 3,771 3,558 2,729 3,432 3,623 3,378 2,154 1,791 2,218 96.0% 91.7%
Heavy & Sour 108 147 118 120 125 129 129 131 131 4.0% 5.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Iraq 1,813 2,364 4,002 4,418 4,473 4,568 4,712 4,049 4,032
Medium & Sour 1,813 2,364 2,759 3,037 2,999 3,052 3,196 2,857 2,593 100.0% 64.3%
Heavy & Sour 1,243 1,381 1,474 1,516 1,516 1,192 1,439 35.7%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Kuwait 2,423 2,298 2,787 2,884 2,707 2,745 2,682 2,414 2,415
Light & Sweet 57 99 126 157 6.5%

Medium & Sour 2,268 2,157 2,751 2,884 2,707 2,688 2,583 2,253 2,217 93.9% 91.8%
Heavy & Sour 1 55 140 35 35 42 6.1% 1.7%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Oman 774 865 982 1,004 971 978 971 949 971
Medium & Sour 774 865 982 1,004 971 978 971 949 971 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Qatar 959 1,297 1,356 1,355 1,310 1,308 1,231 1,274 1,303
Ultra Light 185 559 705 705 701 701 636 671 689 43.1% 52.8%
Light & Sour 556 452 356 354 334 340 330 337 345 34.9% 26.5%
Medium & Sour 218 286 296 296 275 268 265 266 270 22.0% 20.7%
(*)
Middle East
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Saudi Arabia 9,353 8,177 10,160 10,416 9,958 10,326 9,943 9,210 9,123
Light & Sweet 115 56 115 118 109 111 100 74 72 0.7% 0.8%
Light & Sour 1,076 1,101 1,331 1,397 1,459 1,518 1,580 1,507 1,533 13.5% 16.8%
Medium & Sour 8,007 6,879 8,677 8,902 8,390 8,697 8,264 7,593 7,476 84.1% 82.0%
Heavy & Sour 155 140 35 35 42 1.7% 0.5%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Syria 413 350 19 17 17 16 25 33 33

Heavy & Sour 185 178 10 13 14 8 12 22 22 50.8% 67.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
United Arab Emirates 2,458 2,311 2,946 3,050 2,932 2,998 3,177 2,862 2,719
Light & Medium Sour 1,209 1,339 1,626 1,518 1,564 1,502 1,349 1,075 944 57.9% 34.7%
Light & Sour 538 421 746 776 667 717 954 864 878 18.2% 32.3%
Medium & Medium Sour 6
Medium & Sour 707 551 574 756 701 778 873 923 897 23.9% 33.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Yemen 400 284 28 16 44 67 67 60 60
Light & Sweet 108 172 17 5 9 32 6 25 21 60.5% 35.1%

(*)
Africa

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Africa (A) 9,573 9,893 8,085 7,561 7,930 8,029 8,162 6,791 7,111
Ultra Light 603 589 581 583 569 556 552 537 542 6.0% 7.6%
Light & Sweet 5,033 4,934 3,578 3,364 3,688 3,991 4,145 3,105 3,581 49.9% 50.4%
Light & Sour 20 33 23 20 18 16 14 13 14 0.3% 0.2%
Medium & Sweet 2,642 2,609 2,301 2,158 2,224 1,828 1,748 1,580 1,419 26.4% 20.0%
Medium & Sour 530 522 551 601 676 668 650 585 573 5.3% 8.1%
Heavy & Sweet 221 422 481 406 273 271 252 215 207 4.3% 2.9%
Heavy & Sour 159 131 92 72 69 69 69 67 1.3% 0.9%
% unassigned production (B/A) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(*)
Africa

72
63 AC
54
EL
API degree
AK
SH MH
45 EB
NK WD
QI
SI JU ES
36 BN
BS NB KO GP US
CB ZF HB SZ
FD EV GS KZ
27 DB DS PZ DJ
BA DA BE
18
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Sulphur contest (%)
AC Algerian Condensate (Algeria) EB El Borma (Tunisia) NE Nemba (Nigeria)

AK Agbami-Ekoli (Nigeria) EL El Sharara (Libya) NB Nile Blend (Sudan)
BA Baobab (Costa d’Avorio) ES Es Sider (Libya) NK N’Kossa (Congo)
BE Belayim Blend (Egypt) EV Escravos Light (Nigeria) PZ Pazflor (Angola)
BN Bonny Light (Nigeria) FD Forcados (Nigeria) QI Qua Iboe (Nigeria)
BS Nigerian Brass River (Nigeria) GP Greater Plutonio (Angola) RE Rabi Light (Gabon)
CB Cabinda (Angola) GS Girassol (Angola) SH Saharan Blend (Algeria)
CL CLOV (Cravo, Lirio, Orquidea and Violeta) HB Hungo Blend (KizombaA) (Angola) SI Sarir (Libya)
DA Dalia Camelia (Angola) JU Jubilee (Ghana) ST Saturno (Angola)
DB Doba Blend (Chad) KO Kole Blend (Cameroon) SZ Suez Blend (Egypt)
DJ Djeno (Congo) KZ Kissanje Blend (KizombaB) (Angola) WD Western Desert (Egypt)
DS Dar Blend (Sudan) MH Mellitah (Libya) ZF Zafiro (Equatorial Guinea)
(*)
Data source: Eni.
Africa

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Heavy & Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Sweet

6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Africa
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Algeria 1,931 1,720 1,590 1,605 1,530 1,512 1,490 1,356 1,373
Ultra Light 603 515 481 494 483 470 466 458 462 29.9% 33.6%
Light & Sweet 1,327 1,205 1,109 1,111 1,047 1,042 1,023 898 911 70.1% 66.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Angola 1,228 1,739 1,760 1,708 1,642 1,491 1,389 1,270 1,124
Light & Sweet 280 356 248 245 203 169 143 135 125 20.5% 11.1%
Medium & Sweet 657 902 988 1,045 1,057 963 820 698 594 51.9% 52.8%
Heavy & Sweet 166 129 103 92 78 60 63 5.6%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Cameroon 89 64 93 92 76 69 71 73 68
Medium & Sweet 57 36 61 54 43 38 40 44 40 57.0% 59.6%

Heavy & Sweet 32 28 31 38 33 31 32 29 27 43.0% 40.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Chad 170 120 139 129 112 128 118 106 96
Heavy & Sweet 170 120 139 129 112 128 118 106 96 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Congo 239 306 227 210 259 324 332 297 268
Light & Sweet 121 89 51 62 74 87 66 52 40 29.1% 14.9%

Medium & Sweet 118 217 176 148 185 70.9%
Medium & Medium Sour 237 266 245 228 85.1%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Cote d’Ivoire 40 39 26 32 40 33 36 28 28
Medium & Sweet 22 15 15 13 16 13 12 8 7 39.1% 24.7%

Heavy & Sweet 18 24 11 19 24 20 24 20 21 60.9% 75.3%
(*)
Africa
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Dem. Rep. Congo 25 22 21 19 24 23 23 22 21
Medium & Sweet 25 22 21 19 24 23 23 22 21 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Egypt 618 664 660 629 605 617 601 565 539
Light & Sweet 153 202 234 219 31 38 40 39 37 30.4% 6.9%

Medium & Sour 306 331 335 410 502 510 492 456 434 49.9% 80.6%
Heavy & Sour 159 131 92 72 69 69 69 67 19.7% 12.5%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Equatoria Guinea 380 311 276 231 212 208 196 190 180
Ultra Light 74 100 90 86 86 86 79 80 23.9% 44.8%

Light & Sweet 75
Medium & Sweet 263 237 176 102 86 80 72 84 69 76.1% 38.6%
Medium & Medium Sour 42 40 39 42 38 27 30 16.6%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Gabon 270 249 230 227 200 190 212 198 182
Light & Sweet 89 105 94 88 80 42.2% 44.2%

Medium & Sweet 53 31 115 124 111 105 24 22 20 12.6% 11.2%
Medium & Sour 128 113 114 103 89 85 95 88 81 45.2% 44.5%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Ghana 6 7 106 92 157 177 206 194 160
Light & Sweet 6 7 106 92 157 177 206 194 160 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Libya 1,640 1,550 402 391 827 971 1,087 354 1,146
Light & Sweet 1,543 1,335 211 234 681 839 968 300 1,001 86.1% 87.4%
Medium & Sour 97 79 97 82 81 69 59 36 55 5.1% 4.8%
(*)
Africa
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Nigeria 2,546 2,535 2,231 1,913 1,970 2,015 2,108 1,864 1,666
Light & Sweet 1,403 1,601 1,602 1,385 1,482 1,624 1,591 1,389 1,213 63.2% 72.8%
Medium & Sweet 1,143 934 629 528 488 391 517 475 453 36.8% 27.2%
Heavy & Sweet
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Sudan 305 465 253 218 215 216 241 226 214
Medium & Sweet 305 214 119 126 215 216 241 226 214 46.0% 100.0%
Heavy & Sweet 251 134 92 54.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Tunisia 71 79 49 46 40 38 35 33 34
Light & Sweet 35 34 18 16 14 13 12 12 13 43.3% 37.9%

Light & Sour 20 33 23 20 18 16 14 13 14 41.4% 42.0%
Medium & Sour 4 6 4 5 5 4 4 11.2%
(*)
Asia - Pacific

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Asia - Pacific (A) 7,518 7,836 7,729 7,375 7,106 6,923 6,929 6,766 6,708
Ultra Light 597 698 544 509 530 561 616 552 554 8.9% 8.3%
Light & Sweet 2,549 2,160 1,981 2,445 2,445 2,435 2,419 2,225 2,008 27.6% 29.9%
Light & Medium Sour 33 24 23 31 30 31 0.5%
Light & Sour 35 32 0.4%
Medium & Sweet 2,901 3,640 3,999 3,195 2,962 2,801 2,780 2,863 3,018 46.5% 45.0%
Medium & Sour 63 56 62 86 59 58 56 56 57 0.7% 0.9%
Heavy & Sweet 795 643 510 609 567 529 534 546 552 8.2% 8.2%
Heavy & Medium Sour
Heavy & Sour
% Unassigned production (B/A) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(*)
Asia - Pacific

60
BT
50 GP
UE
CP
40 KU
TP
BU
YA
API degree
SU
30 LB BH CH PA
MN
MI
CK
DQ XJ
20 SG
DR
10 PY PG
LI
10
-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Sulphur contest (%)
BH Bach Ho (Vietnam) DR Duri (Sumatran Heavy) (Indonesia) PG Peng Lai (China)

BT Bintulu Condensate (Malaysia) GP Gippsland (Australia) PY Pyrenees (Australia)
BU Brunei Light (Brunei) KU Kutubu Blend (Papua N. G.) SG Shengli (China)
CE Cepu (Indonesia) LB Labuan (Malaysia) SU Su Tu Den (Vietnam)
CH Changqing (ordos - yangchang) (China) LI Liaohe (China) TP Tapis (Malaysia)
CK Cossack (Australia) MI Miri (Malaysia) XJ Xinjang (China)
CM Champion (Brunei) MN Minas (Sumatran Light) (Indonesia) YA Yanchang (China)
DQ Daquing (China) PA Panyu (China) UE UEPL (Pakistan)
(*)
Data source: Eni.
Asia - Pacific

8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Sweet

4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Light & Sweet Light & Sour Medium & Sweet Medium & Sour Heavy & Sweet
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Asia - Pacific
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Australia 456 479 322 290 263 284 361 351 341
Ultra Light 139 221 155 167 156 199 257 243 250 46.1% 73.2%
Light & Sweet 317 121 78 50 48 51 60 52 35 25.3% 10.2%
Heavy & Sweet 137 89 73 59 34 44 57 57 28.6% 16.6%
Heavy & Medium Sour
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Brunei 206 169 127 121 113 111 121 110 109
Ultra Light 18 16 11 12 13 12 11 10 9 9.5% 8.4%

Light & Sweet 149 118 14 10 49 10 71 62 61 69.9% 56.2%
Medium & Sweet 3 35 101 99 51 89 39 38 38 20.6% 35.4%
Heavy & Sweet 36
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
China 3,594 4,020 4,222 3,910 3,788 3,716 3,768 3,832 3,931
Light & Sweet 395 318 273 711 705 790 812 757 599 7.9% 15.2%
Light & Medium Sour 33 24 23 31 30 31 0.8%
Light & Sour 35 32 0.9%
Medium & Sweet 2,112 2,759 3,039 2,221 2,118 1,963 1,994 2,111 2,361 68.6% 60.1%
Medium & Sour 63 56 62 86 59 58 56 56 57 1.4% 1.5%
Heavy & Sweet 454 298 269 413 410 411 422 425 434 7.4% 11.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
East Timor 89 88 45 30 21 15 23 14 14
Ultra light 89 88 45 30 21 15 23 14 14 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
India 663 755 764 737 737 712 670 630 615
Light & Sweet 568 657 676 651 647 623 585 549 534 87.1% 86.7%
Medium & Sweet 27 95 87 85 89 89 84 80 81 12.6% 13.1%
Heavy & Sweet 67 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.3% 0.2%
(*)
Asia - Pacific
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Indonesia 1,061 945 776 831 795 770 745 708 658
Ultra Light 162 166 126 100 97 96 90 86 81 17.5% 12.4%

Light & Sweet 341 336 264 290 269 261 249 216 172 35.5% 26.1%
Medium & Sweet 321 238 235 319 332 330 340 343 345 25.2% 52.4%
Heavy & Sweet 238 206 150 122 97 83 67 64 61 21.8% 9.2%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Malaysia 726 638 654 667 660 653 604 541 506
Ultra Light 85 98 70 65 106 112 103 83 88 15.4% 17.5%

Light & Sweet 435 228 293 349 361 360 321 280 319 35.7% 63.1%
Medium & Sweet 207 312 291 253 193 181 180 178 98 48.9% 19.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
New Zealand 19 55 41 35 31 24 24 21 18
Light & Sweet 19 38 29 25 23 18 18 15 13 70.1% 73.6%

Medium & Sweet 16 12 9 8 6 6 5 5 29.9% 26.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Pakistan 65 65 86 88 89 88 86 84 82
Light & Sweet 65 65 86 88 89 88 86 84 82 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Papua New Guinea 54 32 58 56 50 36 35 39 37
Ultra Light 34 21 40 41 38 28 29 32 31 65.2% 83.9%

Light & Sweet 19 11 17 15 12 8 6 7 6 34.8% 16.1%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Thailand 183 242 248 258 240 228 228 202 177
Ultra Light 70 89 96 95 99 99 102 85 80 36.6% 44.9%

Light & Sweet 114 153 152 163 141 129 126 117 98 63.4% 55.1%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Vietnam 358 299 332 301 271 241 221 193 180
Light & Sweet 127 114 98 92 101 97 84 86 90 38.2% 49.9%

Medium & Sweet 231 185 234 210 170 144 137 107 90 61.8% 50.1%
(*)
Americas

Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Americas (A) 17,474 17,644 22,792 21,774 22,155 23,368 24,446 22,867 23,120
Ultra Light 181 166 662 672 609 616 659 610 565 0.9% 2.4%
Light & Sweet 2,579 2,911 6,540 5,840 6,332 7,925 9,088 8,303 8,255 16.5% 35.7%
Light & Sour
Medium & Sweet 1,490 1,593 2,329 2,506 2,863 3,057 3,584 3,737 3,740 9.0% 16.2%
Medium & Medium Sour 1,166 1,316 902 1,038 1,082 1,089 1,081 1,068 1,045 7.5% 4.5%
Medium & Sour 3,622 3,560 3,408 3,185 3,121 2,779 2,575 2,209 2,280 20.2% 9.9%
Heavy & Sweet 532 555 476 432 405 383 362 319 300 3.1% 1.3%
Heavy & Medium Sour 1,760 1,957 2,134 1,911 1,780 1,709 1,575 1,481 1,488 11.1% 6.4%
Heavy & Sour 5,606 4,925 5,760 5,656 5,490 5,347 5,117 4,653 4,903 27.9% 21.2%
% Unassigned production (B/A) 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(*)
Americas

55
50
EF
WL
45 WT MB
BK NI OK
40 OL
LL
35
API degree
SN LU AN WS IS
30 SP ME MR
RO
25 CS HA
EC VS OR
BR MY
20 ML CA NA
MV
15
KR RU
10 CL
5
-0.1 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5
Sulphur contest (%)
AN Alaskan North Slope (U.S.A.) LL LLS Lousiana Light Sweet (U.S.A.) OR Oriente (SOTE) (Ecuador)
BK Bakken Blend (U.S.A.) LU Lula (ex Tupi) (Brazil) PE Sincor-Petrocedeno (Venezuela)
BR Bow River (Alberta H.) (Canada) MB Mixed Blend Sweet (Canada) PR Peregrino (Brazil)
CA Castilla (Colombia) MD Medanito (Argentina) PP Petrozuata-Petroanzoategui (Venezuela)
CL Cold Lake (Alberta bt.) (Canada) ME Mesa (light sour) (Venezuela) RO Roncador (Brazil)
CN Cerro Negro - Petromonagas (Venezuela) ML Marlim (Brazil) RU Rubiales (Colombia)
CS Canadon Seco (Argentina) MR Mars (U.S.A.) SP Sapinhoa (Brazil)
EC Escalante (Argentina) MV Merey (heavy sour conv) (Venezuela) VS Vasconia (Colombia)
EF Eagle Ford (U.S.A.) MY Maya Crudo (Mexico) WL WTL West Texas Light (USA)
HA Hamaca-Petropriar (Venezuela) NA Napo (OCP) (Ecuador) WS WTS West Texas Sour (U.S.A.)
SN Syncrude (Canada) NI Niobrara (U.S.A.) WT WTI West Texas Int. (U.S.A.)
IS Isthmus Crudo (Mexico) OK Oklahoma sweet (U.S.A.)
KR Kern River (U.S.A.) OL Olmeca (Mexico)
(*)
Data source: Eni.
Americas

28,000
24,000
20,000
16,000
12,000
8,000
4,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Heavy & Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Sweet

9,000
7,500
6,000
4,500
3,000
1,500
0
2005 2010 2021
(*)
Americas
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Argentina 665 589 532 511 480 489 509 480 514
Ultra light 38 22 21 22 22 23 26 26 28 3,7% 5,4%

Light & Sweet 94 85 77 73 69 70 72 68 73 14,5% 14,2%
Medium & Sweet 21 27 35 55 89 108 152 29,6%
Heavy & Sweet 532 483 414 388 354 342 321 279 261 81,9% 50,8%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Brazil 1,639 2,063 2,451 2,525 2,638 2,599 2,788 2,937 2,907
Light & Sweet 6 5 4 3 2 7 0 0.0%

Medium & Sweet 0 581 813 1,042 1,169 1,504 1,750 1,731 59.5%
Heavy & Sweet 72 62 44 50 41 41 40 39 3.5% 1.3%
Heavy & Medium Sour 1,314 1,472 1,559 1,416 1,311 1,170 970 920 937 71.4% 32.2%
Heavy & Sour 19 79 69 72 68 68 29 14 0.9% 0.5%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Canada 2,456 2,850 3,828 3,823 4,151 4,504 4,649 4,400 4,618
Light & Sweet 729 678 669 574 586 640 639 551 538 23.8% 11.7%
Medium & Sweet 757 1,047 1,197 1,193 1,333 1,399 1,525 1,507 1,526 36.7% 33.0%
Medium & Medium Sour 127 169 176 144 133 118 99 2.1%
Heavy & Medium Sour 2 62 112 141 139 3.0%
Heavy & Sour 971 1,125 1,836 1,887 2,054 2,259 2,240 2,083 2,316 39.5% 50.2%
Memo: Syncrude production is

included in Medium & Sweet 651 926 1,151 1,152 1,290 1,374 1,508 1,482 1,506 32.5% 293.0%
Memo: bitumen production is
included in Heavy & Sour 445 697 1,406 1,485 1,648 1,856 1,837 1,718 1,921 24.4% 373.8%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Colombia 526 786 1.006 898 854 865 886 781 737
Light & Sweet 15 5 5 4 3 2 2 2.0%

Medium & Sweet 73 60 40 7.7%
Medium & Medium Sour 40 36 36 36 29 8 1.1%
Heavy & Sour 8 226 385 357 347 349 354 330 316 28.8% 42.9%
(*)
Americas
Countries(*)
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Ecuador 532 466 541 549 531 517 531 479 472
Heavy & Sour 532 466 541 549 531 517 531 479 472 100.0% 100.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Mexico 3,333 2,577 2,267 2,154 1,948 1,831 1,705 1,716 1,780
Medium & Sour 802 834 838 785 689 552 483 472 539 32.4% 30.3%
Heavy & Sour 2,387 1,423 1,152 1,103 1,049 1,071 1,064 1,045 1,015 55.2% 57.0%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
United States 5,184 5,484 9,441 8,844 9,357 10,940 12,289 11,283 11,185
Ultra light 11 49 547 564 540 585 633 584 537 0.9% 4.8%
Light & Sweet 1,756 2,132 5,783 5,182 5,668 7,209 8,371 7,675 7,643 38.9% 68.3%
Medium & Sweet 505 371 381 375 362 372 430 372 330 6.8% 3.0%
Medium & Sour 1,390 1,498 1,533 1,519 1,542 1,634 1,739 1,547 1,566 27.3% 14.0%
Heavy & Sour 637 569 548 517 501 435 428 387 375 10.4% 3.4%
Share of total
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2010) (2021)
Venezuela 2,788 2,535 2,460 2,239 1,966 1,398 874 529 611
Ultra light 131 96 94 86 48 8 3.8%

Medium & Sweet 156 114 109 98 91 61 36 4.5%
Medium & Medium Sour 89 53 39 42 6.9%
Medium & Sour 1,429 1,228 1,037 881 891 592 352 190 175 48.4% 28.6%
Heavy & Sour 1,071 1,097 1,220 1,173 936 647 433 300 395 43.3% 64.6%
(*)
Oil - Refining Industry
REFINING CAPACITY
Refining Capacity
Complexity Ratio
2005 Refineries Primary Capacity Primary Capacity Conversion Capacity
(no.) (mmtons) (kbbl/d) (FCC eqv.) (mmtons) FCC eqv. (%) NCI
Europe 137 873 17,476 280 34% 8.7

Russia and Central Asia 61 370 7,438 63 17% 6.7
Middle East 47 361 7,319 61 17% 5.5
Africa 46 158 3,152 27 17% 5.6
Asia - Pacific 260 1,236 24,765 536 43% 7.3
Americas 253 1,358 27,174 862 63% 10.0
- North America 175 1,034 20,686 716 69% 11.2
- Central South America 78 324 6,488 146 45% 7.2
World 804 4,355 87,324 1,828 43% 8.2
Complexity Ratio
Europe 128 840 16,812 290 37% 8.9

Middle East 58 393 8,003 79 20% 6.0
Africa 46 159 3,189 28 17% 5.7
Asia - Pacific 298 1,485 29,792 781 53% 8.2
Americas 242 1,353 27,087 881 65% 10.6
- North America 167 1,034 20,688 729 70% 11.6
World 838 4,609 92,495 2,125 47% 8.7
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on Icis Consulting data.
(**)
Belarus and Ukraine aren’t included in Europe but in Russia and Central Asia.
OIL - REFINING INDUSTRY 109
Refining Capacity
Complexity Ratio
Europe 113 772 15,443 293 41% 9.2

Middle East 58 441 8,950 118 27% 6.8
Africa 48 159 3,195 32 20% 6.1
Asia - Pacific 325 1,717 34,448 1,020 59% 9.0
Americas 239 1,366 27,350 922 67% 10.9
- North America 164 1,070 21,417 777 73% 11.8
World 853 4,868 97,736 2,464 51% 9.1
Complexity Ratio
Europe 109 751 15,027 314 44% 9.4

Middle East 64 553 11,300 157 28% 7.3
Africa 52 150 3,014 36 24% 6.4
Asia - Pacific 312 1,871 37,610 1,244 66% 10.1
Americas 233 1,367 27,385 913 67% 10.8
- North America 160 1,058 21,203 748 71% 11.6
World 842 5,126 103,094 2,816 55% 9.6
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on Icis Consulting data.
(**)
Belarus and Ukraine aren’t included in Europe but in Russia and Central Asia.
Refining Capacity
World Primary Capacity (2021)

5,126 million tons
3% AFRICA
11% MIDDLE EAST
ASIA - PACIFIC 36%
NORTH AMERICA 21%
EUROPE 15%
World Primary Capacity Growth (2005-2021)

771 million tons
2005-2010 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
2010-2015 AFRICA
CENTRAL
2015-2021 SOUTH AMERICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
ASIA - PACIFIC
OIL - REFINING INDUSTRY 111
Refining Capacity
2021 Complexity ratio (FCC eqv.%)
sia
ica
lA
er
tra
m
hA
en
ica
ific
dC
ut
st
er
So
ac
Ea
an
Am
-P
l
pe
le
ia
ra
a
rth
idd
ss
ric
nt
ro
ia
No
Ce
As
Ru
Eu
Af
24% 28% 30% 44% 53% 66% 71%

Natural Gas - Supply and Demand
RESERVES
The World Top 10 Reserves Holders
Countries
PRODUCTION
The World Top 10 Producers
Countries
RESERVES/PRODUCTION RATIO
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio
Countries
CONSUMPTION
The World Top 10 Consumers
Countries
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption Ratio
Countries
PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION RATIO
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio
Countries
Reserves

(billion cubic metres as at 31st December)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 7,103 6,038 4,941 4,691 4,531 3,998 3,877 3,774 3,768 -0.2% -4.2%
Russia and Central Asia 51,087 60,900 73,816 74,205 74,485 73,894 73,959 77,126 66,373 -13.9% 0.8%
Middle East 72,513 78,963 79,263 80,271 80,177 80,571 81,013 81,359 80,665 -0.9% 0.2%
Africa 14,163 14,493 14,594 15,042 15,314 15,370 15,439 15,467 15,888 2.7% 0.8%
Asia - Pacific 13,259 15,683 15,503 14,982 14,637 14,445 14,348 13,277 12,331 -7.1% -2.2%
Americas 14,618 18,446 18,769 19,060 22,223 22,960 22,719 22,250 23,153 4.1% 2.1%
- North America 7,419 10,597 10,880 11,216 14,491 15,445 15,232 14,813 15,642 5.6% 3.6%

World 172,742 194,524 206,887 208,251 211,367 211,239 211,355 213,253 202,179 -5.2% 0.4%

European Union 27 2,217 1,771 1,249 1,136 1,075 577 517 517 461 -10.8% -11.5%

MENA 80,468 87,240 87,424 88,567 88,472 88,866 89,308 89,654 88,948 -0.8% 0.2%

OECD 16,302 20,030 18,649 18,950 22,097 22,456 22,140 21,633 21,954 1.5% 0.8%
NON OECD 156,440 174,494 188,239 189,301 189,270 188,783 189,215 191,620 180,225 -5.9% 0.3%

OPEC 61,261 69,315 70,783 72,052 72,260 72,666 73,135 73,643 73,135 -0.7% 0.5%
NON OPEC 111,481 125,209 136,104 136,199 139,106 138,573 138,220 139,610 129,044 -7.6% 0.3%
(*)
NATURAL GAS - SUPPLY AND DEMAND 115
Reserves
World Natural Gas Reserves (2021)

202,179 billion cubic metres as at 31st December
2% EUROPE
6% ASIA - PACIFIC
8% NORTH AMERICA
MIDDLE EAST 40% 8% AFRICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA 33%
World Natural Gas Reserves Growth (2005-2021)

29,437 billion cubic metres as at 31st December
2005-2010 -10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000
2010-2015 EUROPE
CENTRAL
ASIA - PACIFIC
NORTH AMERICA
AFRICA
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
MIDDLE EAST
Reserves
The World Top 10 Reserves Holders(*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 44,860 46,000 50,249 50,660 50,551 49,620 49,203 49,203 47,808 -2.8% 0.4%
Iran 27,580 33,090 33,500 33,721 33,810 33,899 33,988 34,077 33,988 -0.3% 0.2%
Qatar 25,636 25,201 24,299 24,073 23,861 23,846 23,831 23,831 23,831 0.0% -0.5%
Turkmenistan 2,601 11,332 19,486 19,486 19,486 19,486 19,486 22,269 13,950 -37.4% 1.9%
United States 5,787 8,620 8,709 9,119 12,408 13,437 13,171 12,702 13,171 3.7% 3.9%
Saudi Arabia 6,900 8,016 8,588 8,619 8,715 9,069 9,423 9,791 9,423 -3.8% 1.5%
Nigeria 5,154 5,110 5,284 5,475 5,627 5,675 5,761 5,848 5,761 -1.5% 1.1%
Venezuela 4,309 5,521 5,698 5,736 5,707 5,674 5,674 5,674 5,674 0.0% 0.2%
Algeria 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 0.0% 0.0%

The World Top 10 133,391 153,484 166,407 167,483 170,758 171,300 171,131 173,990 164,200 -5.6% 0.6%

Rest of the World 39,351 41,040 40,481 40,768 40,608 39,939 40,224 39,263 37,979 -3.3% -0.7%
World 172,742 194,524 206,887 208,251 211,367 211,239 211,355 213,253 202,179 -5.2% 0.4%

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Share of World
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2.2% 2.8% 2.8% 3.0% 4.7% 6.5% 6.9% 11.8% 16.8% 23.6%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 7,103 6,038 4,941 4,691 4,531 3,998 3,877 3,774 3,768 -0.2% -4.2%
Albania 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0.0% 23.3%

Austria 21 15 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 -3.4% -8.6%
Belarus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -6.1%
Bulgaria 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0.0% -1.6%
Croatia 30 25 11 10 9 6 6 6 5 -19.1% -14.0%
Czech Republic 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -0.9% 0.9%
Denmark 122 101 80 77 72 69 66 66 65 -2.3% -4.0%
France 7 5 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 2.9% 5.2%
Germany 178 87 46 42 37 30 25 20 22 9.2% -11.6%
Greece 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
Hungary 21 12 8.5 7 6 7 4 3 5 102.4% -7.3%
Ireland 25 25 30 30 30 29 28 28 27 -3.9% 0.7%
Italy (**) 117 66 49 38 45 48 43 41 40 -3.6% -4.5%
Moldova 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -6.1%
Netherlands 1,431 1,236 825 740 695 196 147 155 103 -33.4% -20.2%
Norway 3,108 2,762 2,461 2,388 2,334 2,226 2,165 2,062 2,095 1.6% -2.5%
Poland 106 71 61 58 56 73 85 87 86 -0.6% 1.8%
Romania 143 110 103 99 92 87 81 81 77 -4.8% -3.2%
Serbia and Montenegro 10 8 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 -4.0% -4.9%
Slovakia 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 -1.6% -1.9%
Slovenia 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.0%
Spain 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -3.0% 0.9%
Turkey 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0% 0.1%
Ukraine 1,030 969 884 865 846 906 906 906 952 5.1% -0.2%
United Kingdom 728 520 333 288 263 276 276 276 247 -10.5% -6.5%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy Market and CO2 Data and other official data sources.
(**)
Data source: Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition.
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia and Central Asia 51,087 60,900 73,816 74,205 74,485 73,894 73,959 77,126 66,373 -13.9% 0.8%
Russia 44,860 46,000 50,249 50,660 50,551 49,620 49,203 49,203 47,808 -2.8% 0.4%
Azerbaijan 499 515 665 665 1,074 1,435 1,917 2,300 1,917 -16.7% 12.7%
Georgia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -6.1%
Kazakhstan 1,389 1,389 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,830 0.0% 2.5%
Kyrgyzstan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -6.1%
Tajikistan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -6.1%
Turkmenistan 2,601 11,332 19,486 19,486 19,486 19,486 19,486 22,269 13,950 -37.4% 1.9%
Uzbekistan 1,735 1,661 1,585 1,564 1,543 1,522 1,522 1,522 867 -43.0% -5.7%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 72,513 78,963 79,263 80,271 80,177 80,571 81,013 81,359 80,665 -0.9% 0.2%
Bahrain 110 110 163 224 210 210 193 81 68 -16.1% -4.2%
Iran 27,580 33,090 33,500 33,721 33,810 33,899 33,988 34,077 33,988 -0.3% 0.2%
Iraq 3,170 3,158 3,158 3,820 3,744 3,729 3,714 3,714 3,714 0.0% 1.5%
Israel 45 215 206 465 488 497 547 547 538 -1.7% 8.7%
Jordan 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0% 0.0%
Kuwait 1,572 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 0.0% 0.0%
Oman 670 520 705 705 705 677 674 674 673 -0.1% 2.4%
Qatar 25,636 25,201 24,299 24,073 23,861 23,846 23,831 23,831 23,831 0.0% -0.5%
Saudi Arabia 6,900 8,016 8,588 8,619 8,715 9,069 9,423 9,791 9,423 -3.8% 1.5%
Syria 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 285 0.0% 0.0%
Yemen 479 488 479 479 479 479 479 479 265 -44.7% -5.4%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 14,163 14,493 14,594 15,042 15,314 15,370 15,439 15,467 15,888 2.7% 0.8%
Algeria 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 0.0% 0.0%
Angola 270 310 308 440 422 384 343 307 343 11.7% 0.9%
Benin 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0%
Cameroon 165 155 153 152 151 150 149 149 179 19.9% 1.3%
Chad 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
Congo 130 127 285 285 285 285 284 284 284 0.0% 7.6%
Côte d’Ivoire 31 27 22 21 20 18 18 18 18 0.0% -3.6%
Dem. Rep. Congo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.3% 0.0%
Egypt 1,920 2,210 2,086 2,221 2,221 2,221 2,221 2,221 2,209 -0.5% 0.0%
Equatorial Guinea 91 82 54 47 42 42 39 38 39 2.2% -6.6%
Ethiopia 25 28 25 25 25 35 35 35 25 -28.6% -1.0%
Gabon 30 28 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 0.1% -0.7%
Ghana 24 27 27 27 58 56 55 55 55 0.0% 6.6%
Libya 1,491 1,495 1,505 1,505 1,505 1,505 1,505 1,505 1,505 0.0% 0.1%
Madagascar 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% 0.0%
Mauritania 0 28 28 28 28 50 50 50 50 0.0% 5.4%
Morocco 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -9.5%
Mozambique 61 75 75 75 186 186 186 186 650 250.0% 21.7%
Namibia 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 47 47 0.0% -3.5%
Nigeria 5,154 5,110 5,284 5,475 5,627 5,675 5,761 5,848 5,761 -1.5% 1.1%
Senegal 11 10 2 2 2 21 52 52 52 0.0% 16.2%
Somalia 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0%
South Africa 29 12 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 -46.7% -20.5%
Sudan 85 85 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 0.0% -10.5%
Tanzania 28 37 37 37 40 40 39 39 39 0.0% 0.5%
Tunisia 37 65 65 65 64 64 64 64 64 0.0% -0.1%
(*)
Reserves
Countries(*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 13,259 15,683 15,503 14,982 14,637 14,445 14,348 13,277 12,331 -7.1% -2.2%
Afghanistan 100 100 99 99 99 99 98 98 98 0.0% -0.2%

Australia 2,428 3,759 3,205 3,193 3,193 3,193 3,173 3,201 2,716 -15.2% -2.9%
Bangladesh 407 354 385 365 337 325 312 312 275 -11.9% -2.3%
Brunei 333 301 258 252 240 246 240 240 233 -2.8% -2.3%
China 1,690 2,244 2,791 2,838 2,786 2,779 2,834 2,987 2,922 -2.2% 2.4%
India 1,162 1,210 1,313 1,288 1,284 1,340 1,381 1,423 1,372 -3.6% 1.1%
Indonesia 2,659 3,068 2,865 2,841 2,745 2,605 2,605 1,349 1,189 -11.9% -8.3%
Japan 39 37 31 29 28 27 26 26 24 -4.7% -3.7%
Malaysia 2,346 2,334 2,842 2,470 2,346 2,290 2,217 2,229 2,179 -2.3% -0.6%
Myanmar 687 724 484 368 355 346 338 338 295 -12.8% -7.8%
New Zealand 62 52 56 50 51 53 54 54 55 1.3% 0.4%
Pakistan 712 617 467 479 502 499 446 435 428 -1.5% -3.3%
Papua New Guinea 3 263 216 238 226 217 205 198 192 -3.2% -2.8%
Philippines 100 86 71 69 58 56 53 53 50 -4.7% -4.8%
South Korea 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -6.0% -0.6%
Taiwan 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 -34.9% -6.7%
Thailand 304 300 207 193 181 171 171 138 112 -19.1% -8.6%
Vietnam 220 228 207 203 199 195 190 190 186 -2.4% -1.8%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 14,618 18,446 18,769 19,060 22,223 22,960 22,719 22,250 23,153 4.1% 2.1%
Argentina 439 359 350 337 355 354 354 378 400 5.9% 1.0%
Barbados 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -8.0%
Bolivia 710 281 305 310 303 201 200 200 192 -4.2% -3.4%
Brazil 306 417 429 378 370 368 365 360 360 0.1% -1.3%
Canada 1,632 1,977 2,171 2,097 2,083 2,008 2,061 2,111 2,471 17.0% 2.0%
Chile 13 8 6 5 5 4 4 4 8 96.0% 0.1%
Colombia 113 153 123 114 110 107 90 73 83 13.8% -5.4%
Cuba 17 14 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 -5.6% -5.5%
Ecuador 9 7 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 -6.7% 3.3%
Mexico 412 353 257 208 199 188 183 183 201 10.2% -5.0%
Peru 338 353 399 456 365 300 300 247 300 21.5% -1.5%
Trinidad and Tobago 531 381 300 281 298 298 298 298 274 -8.1% -2.9%
United States 5,787 8,620 8,709 9,119 12,408 13,437 13,171 12,702 13,171 3.7% 3.9%
Venezuela 4,309 5,521 5,698 5,736 5,707 5,674 5,674 5,674 5,674 0.0% 0.2%
(*)
Production

(billion cubic metres)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 328.35 314.63 262.87 262.55 265.09 253.70 237.24 220.84 211.60 -4.2% -3.5%
Russia and Central Asia 735.10 772.12 781.46 798.68 854.22 901.76 931.35 871.93 955.07 9.5% 2.0%
Middle East 294.94 458.21 575.08 596.99 614.11 624.15 642.86 647.06 663.68 2.6% 3.4%
Africa 181.74 202.74 197.36 211.72 228.93 240.31 241.32 229.90 257.16 11.9% 2.2%
Asia - Pacific 361.39 471.79 513.10 528.65 552.70 587.41 615.54 615.15 621.72 1.1% 2.5%
Americas 849.71 932.46 1,116.63 1,116.59 1,136.65 1,214.28 1,316.16 1,278.80 1,289.51 0.8% 3.0%
- North America 670.09 725.96 902.28 908.93 932.28 1,011.11 1,114.96 1,096.46 1,111.79 1.4% 4.0%
- Central South America 179.62 206.50 214.35 207.66 204.36 203.17 201.20 182.34 177.71 -2.5% -1.4%

World 2,751.22 3,151.95 3,446.51 3,515.17 3,651.68 3,821.62 3,984.47 3,863.68 3,998.72 3.5% 2.2%

European Union 27 129.23 127.35 84.18 83.08 77.37 68.74 60.74 47.93 43.83 -8.6% -9.2%

MENA 445.56 615.48 712.26 748.63 775.76 795.47 813.69 804.89 851.11 5.7% 3.0%

OECD 1,065.22 1,135.34 1,270.37 1,286.13 1,329.79 1,413.02 1,520.48 1,500.94 1,504.06 0.2% 2.6%
NON OECD 1,686.00 2,016.61 2,176.13 2,229.04 2,321.89 2,408.60 2,463.99 2,362.74 2,494.66 5.6% 2.0%

OPEC 356.76 435.74 514.71 548.21 572.36 576.99 580.92 573.20 598.48 4.4% 2.9%
NON OPEC 2,394.46 2,716.21 2,931.80 2,966.96 3,079.32 3,244.62 3,403.55 3,290.48 3,400.24 3.3% 2.1%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations. The original data are from IEA (2022) Extended Balances and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition. All rights reserved. Data have been
converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 40 MJ/cm.
Production

3,998.72 billion cubic metres as at 31st December
5% EUROPE
6% AFRICA
16% ASIA - PACIFIC
NORTH AMERICA 28%
MIDDLE EAST 17%
World Natural Gas Production Growth (2005-2021)(*)

1,247.50 billion cubic metres
2005-2010 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
2010-2015 CENTRAL
SOUTH AMERICA
2015-2021 EUROPE
AFRICA
ASIA - PACIFIC
MIDDLE EAST
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
NORTH AMERICA
Production
The World Top 10 Producers (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
United States 490.27 575.44 740.45 729.57 746.27 819.16 930.32 916.23 926.60 1.1% 4.4%
Russia 599.92 628.20 609.79 626.16 675.65 705.49 734.42 690.08 757.71 9.8% 1.7%
Iran 97.07 141.56 181.12 196.62 214.69 224.18 228.91 228.91 232.28 1.5% 4.6%
China 48.00 93.23 131.01 133.21 144.08 155.88 171.47 187.35 194.74 3.9% 6.9%
Canada 179.81 150.52 161.83 179.36 186.01 191.95 184.64 180.23 185.19 2.8% 1.9%
Qatar 46.36 124.79 170.76 172.95 172.33 171.40 173.48 172.58 175.02 1.4% 3.1%
Australia 36.47 51.73 67.66 80.40 102.67 117.69 137.17 148.09 142.70 -3.6% 9.7%
Norway 87.27 110.24 119.68 119.05 126.90 124.17 117.32 114.02 117.24 2.8% 0.6%
Algeria 87.94 83.70 83.06 93.69 95.17 96.10 88.98 83.89 101.57 21.1% 1.8%
Saudi Arabia 53.46 69.66 82.89 86.25 90.72 92.00 93.27 93.85 95.23 1.5% 2.9%

The World Top 10 1,726.58 2,029.08 2,348.26 2,417.26 2,554.49 2,698.02 2,859.98 2,815.22 2,928.28 4.0% 3.4%

Rest of the World 1,024.65 1,122.88 1,098.25 1,097.90 1,097.20 1,123.59 1,124.49 1,048.46 1,070.44 2.1% -0.4%

World 2,751.22 3,151.95 3,446.51 3,515.17 3,651.68 3,821.62 3,984.47 3,863.68 3,998.72 3.5% 2.2%
s
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Un
Ru
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3.6% 4.4% 4.6% 4.9% 5.8% 18.9% 23.2%

2.4% 2.5% 2.9%
(*)
Data source: the original data are from IEA (2022) Extended Balances. All rights reserved. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 40 MJ/cm.
Production
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 328.35 314.63 262.87 262.55 265.08 253.70 237.23 220.83 211.59 -4.2% -3.5%
Albania 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.05 7.4% 13.0%
Austria 1.55 1.62 1.21 1.13 1.21 1.00 0.90 0.74 0.66 -10.4% -7.9%
Belarus 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 4.4% -0.2%
Bulgaria 0.45 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 -44.0% -6.9%
Croatia 2.17 2.58 1.71 1.59 1.43 1.18 0.99 0.82 0.73 -11.3% -10.9%
Czech Republic 0.18 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.20 3.1% -1.7%
Denmark 10.91 8.54 4.82 4.71 5.06 4.31 3.22 1.39 1.25 -9.6% -16.0%
France 1.06 0.75 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 28.4% -27.1%
Germany 16.67 12.92 7.37 7.62 7.01 5.48 5.09 4.69 4.30 -8.3% -9.5%
Greece 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -39.3% -5.6%
Hungary 2.71 2.60 1.59 1.66 1.64 1.71 1.54 1.54 1.36 -11.5% -5.7%
Ireland 0.57 0.27 0.13 2.89 3.31 3.20 2.49 1.92 1.47 -23.5% 16.5%
Italy 11.50 8.01 6.45 5.51 5.27 5.18 4.62 3.92 3.18 -18.8% -8.0%
Netherlands 65.33 75.27 45.88 44.29 37.93 32.33 27.85 20.07 18.04 -10.1% -12.2%
Norway 87.27 110.24 119.68 119.05 126.90 124.17 117.32 114.02 117.24 2.8% 0.6%
Poland 4.52 4.29 4.28 4.13 4.08 4.03 3.99 3.95 3.88 -1.7% -0.9%
Romania 11.28 10.02 10.22 9.05 9.91 9.86 9.53 8.51 8.60 1.0% -1.4%
Serbia 0.27 0.36 0.53 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.34 -11.4% -0.6%
Slovakia 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.06 -10.7% -5.2%
Slovenia 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -5.3% -2.9%
Spain 0.17 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.04 -18.3% -2.4%
Turkey 0.86 0.65 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.41 0.45 0.42 0.38 -10.8% -4.9%
Ukraine 18.19 17.95 17.26 17.64 17.99 19.17 18.98 18.44 16.93 -8.2% -0.5%
United Kingdom 92.34 57.90 40.66 41.74 41.85 40.60 39.13 39.45 32.68 -17.2% -5.1%
(*)
Data source: the original data are from IEA (2022) Extended Balances and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition. All rights reserved. Data have been converted by Eni
using a unified gross calorific value of 40 MJ/cm.
Production
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 599.92 628.20 609.79 626.16 675.65 705.49 734.42 690.08 757.71 9.8% 1.7%
Azerbaijan 5.40 16.27 18.78 18.28 17.76 18.76 23.94 25.86 31.80 22.9% 6.3%
Georgia 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 68.0% 8.2%
Kazakhstan 18.41 28.62 27.14 30.93 36.38 39.18 33.50 30.61 29.50 -3.6% 0.3%
Kyrgyzstan 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.9% -1.0%
Tajikistan 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.8% -26.9%
Turkmenistan 59.68 42.91 79.28 75.56 76.25 79.98 82.12 78.34 85.32 8.9% 6.4%
Uzbekistan 51.62 56.07 46.41 47.71 48.15 58.32 57.34 47.01 50.71 7.9% -0.9%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 294.94 458.21 575.08 596.99 614.11 624.15 642.86 647.06 663.68 2.6% 3.4%
Bahrain 9.71 12.29 14.15 13.99 14.01 14.18 15.66 15.76 16.35 3.8% 2.6%
Iran 97.07 141.56 181.12 196.62 214.69 224.18 228.91 228.91 232.28 1.5% 4.6%
Iraq 1.73 4.87 6.60 7.26 9.63 10.07 10.60 10.32 11.18 8.3% 7.8%
Israel 1.53 3.11 6.90 7.68 8.11 8.39 8.41 12.38 15.49 25.2% 15.7%
Jordan 0.21 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.15 0.15 -0.2% -0.8%
Kuwait 11.69 11.14 16.06 16.24 16.05 17.01 18.57 20.43 20.04 -1.9% 5.5%
Oman 20.84 27.64 32.89 33.58 33.72 38.09 38.53 37.78 41.28 9.3% 3.7%
Qatar 46.36 124.79 170.76 172.95 172.33 171.40 173.48 172.58 175.02 1.4% 3.1%
Saudi Arabia 53.46 69.66 82.89 86.25 90.72 92.00 93.27 93.85 95.23 1.5% 2.9%
Syria 5.75 8.43 4.05 3.53 3.49 3.47 3.33 2.92 3.07 5.2% -8.8%
United Arab Emirates 46.60 48.31 56.69 58.27 50.95 45.19 51.90 51.87 53.45 3.0% 0.9%
Yemen 6.26 2.86 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.0% -29.7%
(*)
Production
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 181.74 202.72 197.36 211.72 228.93 240.31 241.32 229.90 257.16 11.9% 2.2%
Algeria 87.94 83.70 83.06 93.69 95.17 96.10 88.98 83.89 101.57 21.1% 1.8%
Angola 0.62 0.70 0.73 1.62 5.51 6.17 6.46 7.17 5.59 -22.1% 20.7%
Cameroon 0.30 0.48 0.51 0.57 1.52 2.24 2.26 2.18 -3.4% 19.7%
Congo 0.02 0.10 0.50 0.57 0.60 0.68 0.96 1.00 1.00 -0.1% 23.5%
Côte d’Ivoire 1.46 1.54 1.96 1.97 2.19 2.03 2.16 2.22 2.36 6.6% 4.0%
Egypt 49.58 53.97 36.39 40.45 50.33 59.58 66.08 59.26 68.71 15.9% 2.2%
Equatorial Guinea 1.24 6.21 7.07 7.48 7.83 7.36 5.92 5.72 6.66 16.5% 0.6%
Gabon 0.14 0.31 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.44 -9.5% 3.3%
Ghana 0.70 0.62 0.89 0.86 1.56 2.51 2.91 16.0%
Libya 10.74 15.97 14.72 14.79 13.59 13.19 13.48 12.35 14.47 17.2% -0.9%
Morocco 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 11.9% 5.8%
Mozambique 2.17 3.12 4.74 4.83 4.79 4.80 4.76 4.63 4.61 -0.5% 3.6%
Nigeria 23.00 30.91 41.50 40.09 42.85 43.42 43.87 44.13 42.04 -4.7% 2.8%
Senegal 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 -2.6% -4.0%
South Africa 2.07 1.47 1.12 1.02 0.82 0.98 1.12 1.07 1.01 -5.7% -3.3%
Tanzania 0.39 0.75 0.85 0.81 0.75 0.72 0.95 0.85 0.89 5.7% 1.6%
Tunisia 2.32 3.58 2.93 2.64 2.49 2.38 2.20 2.24 2.59 15.6% -2.9%
Others Africa 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.1% 1.7%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 361.39 471.79 513.10 528.65 552.70 587.41 615.54 615.15 621.72 1.1% 2.5%
Australia 36.47 51.73 67.66 80.40 102.67 117.69 137.17 148.09 142.70 -3.6% 9.7%
Bangladesh 12.57 19.28 24.88 27.18 27.19 27.12 26.94 24.79 25.20 1.7% 2.5%
Brunei 11.63 11.94 10.95 10.56 11.57 12.39 10.67 10.36 9.45 -8.8% -2.1%
China 48.00 93.23 131.01 133.21 144.08 155.88 171.47 187.35 194.74 3.9% 6.9%
India 30.17 49.97 30.35 30.08 30.94 31.25 29.50 27.09 30.48 12.5% -4.4%
Indonesia 76.27 87.00 76.16 75.08 72.70 72.80 67.58 59.54 59.28 -0.4% -3.4%
Japan 3.37 3.73 2.76 2.85 2.98 2.62 2.43 2.26 2.33 3.1% -4.2%
Malaysia 64.40 59.32 67.27 66.56 65.23 68.80 71.46 66.00 70.54 6.9% 1.6%
Myanmar 11.98 11.83 17.18 18.61 18.55 17.08 17.49 16.93 16.38 -3.2% 3.0%
New Zealand 3.75 4.48 4.70 4.92 4.86 4.31 4.64 4.53 3.94 -13.0% -1.2%
Pakistan 29.82 31.38 28.21 26.15 22.03 28.37 25.90 24.79 25.27 1.9% -2.0%
Philippines 3.14 3.55 3.34 3.83 3.78 4.22 4.25 3.85 3.29 -14.6% -0.7%
South Korea 0.51 0.56 0.20 0.16 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.19 0.06 -70.3% -18.8%
Taiwan 0.51 0.28 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.18 0.16 0.10 0.10 4.4% -8.6%
Thailand 21.52 28.76 30.00 29.42 27.47 26.59 28.05 25.16 25.42 1.0% -1.1%
Vietnam 6.96 9.45 9.19 10.48 9.60 9.61 9.93 8.61 6.98 -18.9% -2.7%
Others Asia Pacific 0.32 5.29 8.89 8.86 8.45 8.18 7.64 5.51 5.57 1.1% 0.5%
(*)
Production (*)
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 849.71 932.46 1,116.63 1,116.59 1,136.65 1,214.28 1,316.16 1,278.80 1,289.51 0.8% 3.0%
Argentina 46.43 40.25 38.86 39.91 40.54 41.58 43.33 39.74 39.55 -0.5% -0.2%
Bolivia 11.88 14.30 21.02 20.06 19.46 18.11 15.79 15.22 15.93 4.7% 1.0%
Brazil 11.34 15.34 24.42 24.66 27.90 25.79 27.00 25.12 25.26 0.6% 4.6%
Canada 179.81 150.52 161.83 179.36 186.01 191.95 184.64 180.23 185.19 2.8% 1.9%
Chile 1.87 1.80 0.98 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.49 1.14 1.32 15.2% -2.8%
Colombia 7.12 10.96 12.07 11.14 11.41 11.90 12.16 11.83 11.24 -5.0% 0.2%
Cuba 0.69 0.99 1.15 1.10 0.97 0.90 0.88 0.83 0.83 0.0% -1.6%
Ecuador 0.32 0.49 0.65 0.70 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.41 0.42 3.4% -1.4%
Mexico 44.73 49.52 39.97 35.39 30.90 32.62 31.89 31.61 30.41 -3.8% -4.3%
Peru 1.89 8.87 14.76 16.34 14.54 14.29 15.08 13.54 13.32 -1.6% 3.8%
Trinidad and Tobago 30.82 41.67 37.20 32.37 32.49 35.00 35.55 29.80 24.88 -16.5% -4.6%
United States 490.27 575.44 740.45 729.57 746.27 819.16 930.32 916.23 926.60 1.1% 4.4%
Venezuela 22.53 22.28 23.24 24.78 24.30 21.19 17.52 13.07 14.53 11.2% -3.8%
Others Americas 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 -1.7% 1.4%
(*)

(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 22 19 19 18 17 16 16 17 18
Middle East 246 172 138 134 131 129 126 126 122
Africa 78 71 74 71 67 64 64 67 62
Asia - Pacific 37 33 30 28 26 25 23 22 20
Americas 17 20 17 17 20 19 17 17 18
- North America 11 15 12 12 16 15 14 14 14

World 63 62 60 59 58 55 53 55 51

European Union 27 17 14 15 14 14 8 9 11 11

MENA 181 142 123 118 114 112 110 111 105

OECD 15 18 15 15 17 16 15 14 15
NON OECD 93 87 87 85 82 78 77 81 72

OPEC 172 159 138 131 126 126 126 128 122
NON OPEC 47 46 46 46 45 43 41 42 38
Reserves/Production Ratio (2021)

World: 51 years
MIDDLE EAST 122 CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA 42 NORTH AMERICA 14
RUSSIA and C. ASIA 69 ASIA - PACIFIC 20
AFRICA 62 EUROPE 18
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data, IEA (2022) Extended Balances and other official data sources. All rights reserved.
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio (*)

(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Iran 284 234 185 172 157 151 148 149 146
Qatar 553 202 142 139 138 139 137 138 136
Saudi Arabia 129 115 104 100 96 99 101 104 99
Russia 75 73 82 81 75 70 67 71 63
Algeria 51 54 54 48 47 47 51 54 44
Australia 67 73 47 40 31 27 23 22 19
Norway 36 25 21 20 18 18 18 18 18
China 35 24 21 21 19 18 17 16 15
United States 12 15 12 12 17 16 14 14 14
Canada 9 13 13 12 11 10 11 12 13

s
bia
te
ta
ra
a
dS
da
iA
ali
ay
ria
ia
ina
r
rw
str
ite
na
ud
ss
ta
ge
Years
n
No
Qa
Au
Ch
Ca
Un
Ru
Sa
Ira
Al
13 14 15 18 19 44 63 99 136 146
(*)
Countries (*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 22 19 19 18 17 16 16 17 18
Albania 29 7 3 2 2 27 15 21 19
Austria 14 9 7 7 6 7 7 8 8
Belarus 5 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Bulgaria 7 73 45 48 55 127 112 76 135
Croatia 14 10 7 6 6 5 6 7 7
Czech Republic 17 13 14 16 15 16 17 18 17
Denmark 11 12 17 16 14 16 21 48 52
France 7 7 391 416 529 965 521 467 374
Germany 11 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 5
Greece 47 113 183 90 95 68 90 129 212
Hungary 8 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 4
Ireland 44 92 229 10 9 9 11 15 18
Italy 10 8 8 7 8 9 9 11 13
Netherlands 22 16 18 17 18 6 5 8 6
Norway 36 25 21 20 18 18 18 18 18
Poland 23 17 14 14 14 18 21 22 22
Romania 13 11 10 11 9 9 8 10 9
Serbia and Montenegro 36 23 12 12 12 12 12 13 14
Slovakia 39 51 51 51 32 49 36 67 74
Slovenia 0 143 333 201 0 0 0 0 198
Spain 20 56 55 61 122 38 24 68 81
Turkey 9 9 17 18 18 15 13 14 16
Ukraine 57 54 51 49 47 47 48 49 56
United Kingdom 8 9 8 7 6 7 7 7 8
(*)
Countries (*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 75 73 82 81 75 70 67 71 63
Azerbaijan 92 32 35 36 60 77 80 89 60
Georgia 56 159 46 79 60 50 52 56 33
Kazakhstan 75 49 67 59 50 47 55 60 62
Kyrgyzstan 41 45 17 19 21 20 23 25 25
Tajikistan 39 46 128 164 443 826 826 823 723
Turkmenistan 44 264 246 258 256 244 237 284 164
Uzbekistan 34 30 34 33 32 26 27 32 17
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 246 172 138 134 131 129 126 126 122
Bahrain 11 9 12 16 15 15 12 5 4
Iran 284 234 185 172 157 151 148 149 146
Iraq 1,833 648 478 526 389 370 350 360 332
Israel 29 69 30 61 60 59 65 44 35
Jordan 29 38 51 60 62 66 62 41 41
Kuwait 135 160 111 110 111 105 96 87 89
Oman 32 19 21 21 21 18 17 18 16
Qatar 553 202 142 139 138 139 137 138 136
Saudi Arabia 129 115 104 100 96 99 101 104 99
Syria 50 34 70 81 82 82 86 98 93
Yemen 78 168 956 1,593 4,779 4,779 3,676 2,035
(*)
Countries (*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 78 71 74 71 67 64 64 67 62
Algeria 51 54 54 48 47 47 51 54 44
Angola 437 441 421 271 77 62 53 43 61
Cameroon 514 319 297 266 99 67 66 82
Congo 5,836 1,295 571 499 474 417 296 284 284
Côte d’Ivoire 21 18 11 11 9 9 8 8 8
Egypt 39 41 57 55 44 37 34 37 32
Equatorial Guinea 74 13 8 6 5 6 7 7 6
Gabon 211 90 48 49 56 58 56 53 58
Ghana 39 44 65 65 35 22 19
Libya 139 94 102 102 111 114 112 122 104
Morocco 76 57 13 14 14 13 11 12 10
Mozambique 28 24 16 16 39 39 39 40 141
Nigeria 224 165 127 137 131 131 131 133 137
Senegal 662 402 85 91 84 1,730 3,724 3,203 3,289
South Africa 14 8 2 2 3 2 2 2 1
Tanzania 72 49 44 46 53 55 41 46 44
Tunisia 16 18 22 25 26 27 29 29 25
Others Africa 0 386,597 466,583 466,583 411,691 633,219 633,219 630,774 631,587
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 37 33 30 28 26 25 23 22 20
Australia 67 73 47 40 31 27 23 22 19
Bangladesh 32 18 15 13 12 12 12 13 11
Brunei 29 25 24 24 21 20 23 23 25
China 35 24 21 21 19 18 17 16 15
India 39 24 43 43 42 43 47 53 45
Indonesia 35 35 38 38 38 36 39 23 20
Japan 12 10 11 10 9 10 11 11 10
Malaysia 36 39 42 37 36 33 31 34 31
Myanmar 57 61 28 20 19 20 19 20 18
New Zealand 17 12 12 10 11 12 12 12 14
Pakistan 24 20 17 18 23 18 17 18 17
Philippines 32 24 21 18 15 13 12 14 15
South Korea 6 5 15 19 8 10 12 16 49
Taiwan 8 13 8 9 11 14 17 26 16
Thailand 14 10 7 7 7 6 6 5 4
Vietnam 32 24 23 19 21 20 19 22 27
(*)
Countries (*)
(years)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 17 20 17 17 20 19 17 17 18
Argentina 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 10 10
Bolivia 60 20 15 15 16 11 13 13 12
Brazil 27 27 18 15 13 14 14 14 14
Canada 9 13 13 12 11 10 11 12 13
Chile 7 5 6 4 4 4 3 4 6
Colombia 16 14 10 10 10 9 7 6 7
Cuba 25 14 8 7 8 9 9 10 9
Ecuador 28 14 17 16 17 20 22 26 24
Mexico 9 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 7
Peru 179 40 27 28 25 21 20 18 23
Trinidad and Tobago 17 9 8 9 9 9 8 10 11
United States 12 15 12 12 17 16 14 14 14
Venezuela 191 248 245 232 235 268 324 434 391
(*)
Consumption
Areas and Aggregates (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 653.68 658.52 526.21 552.48 576.19 567.89 569.76 557.25 594.36 6.7% -0.9%
Middle East 248.61 361.50 455.51 474.51 491.79 498.57 511.11 517.78 535.43 3.4% 3.6%
Africa 85.91 102.57 128.25 137.44 145.96 154.44 157.50 154.56 168.41 9.0% 4.6%
Asia - Pacific 398.03 563.46 682.40 706.89 734.44 790.08 818.36 828.16 845.94 2.1% 3.8%
Americas 860.67 942.12 1,097.27 1,121.35 1,116.79 1,188.54 1,239.78 1,204.92 1,208.00 0.3% 2.3%
- North America 684.28 734.75 851.24 879.75 878.32 942.88 1,000.04 967.15 956.76 -1.1% 2.4%
- Central South America 176.40 207.37 246.03 241.60 238.47 245.66 239.74 237.77 251.24 5.7% 1.8%

World 2,739.37 3,177.50 3,397.05 3,513.98 3,603.95 3,802.98 3,891.92 3,844.81 3,995.86 3.9% 2.1%

European Union 27 418.28 421.92 344.28 364.37 384.63 377.58 389.53 379.76 399.63 5.2% -0.5%

MENA 316.93 443.55 553.33 580.54 607.13 620.39 634.54 636.90 665.32 4.5% 3.8%

OECD 1,424.23 1,548.57 1,612.47 1,672.11 1,689.97 1,757.28 1,817.07 1,790.21 1,817.09 1.5% 1.5%
NON OECD 1,315.14 1,628.94 1,784.58 1,841.87 1,913.98 2,045.70 2,074.85 2,054.60 2,178.77 6.0% 2.7%

OPEC 269.78 358.72 451.63 475.74 488.60 494.23 502.58 504.10 524.34 4.0% 3.5%
NON OPEC 2,469.58 2,818.78 2,945.42 3,038.24 3,115.35 3,308.75 3,389.34 3,340.72 3,471.53 3.9% 1.9%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations. The original data are from IEA (2022) Extended Balances and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition. All rights reserved.
Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 40 MJ/cm.
Consumption
World Natural Gas Consumption (2021)

4% AFRICA
14% MIDDLE EAST
15% EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA 24%
ASIA PACIFIC 21%
World Natural Gas Consumption Growth (2005-2021)

2005-2010 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
2010-2015 AFRICA
CENTRAL
MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE
RUSSIA and C. ASIA
ASIA - PACIFIC
NORTH AMERICA
Consumption
The World Top 10 Consumers (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
United States 589.89 646.72 751.89 759.30 748.90 807.08 863.29 836.24 822.96 -1.6% 2.2%
Russia 406.67 446.06 423.63 431.84 447.71 497.85 486.17 475.31 531.28 11.8% 1.6%
China 45.11 103.95 184.44 198.61 227.01 265.92 288.63 308.37 321.18 4.2% 10.8%
Iran 97.50 142.06 180.63 193.48 205.47 212.58 210.96 213.14 218.04 2.3% 4.0%
Canada 94.39 88.03 99.36 120.44 129.42 135.80 136.75 130.91 133.80 2.2% 3.9%
Japan 82.17 100.02 116.83 119.71 116.29 111.40 106.99 107.18 104.57 -2.4% 0.4%
Mexico 53.62 63.08 75.20 76.97 72.80 84.31 79.84 93.24 95.35 2.3% 3.8%
Saudi Arabia 53.46 69.66 82.89 86.25 90.72 92.00 93.27 93.85 95.23 1.5% 2.9%
Germany 90.46 88.28 75.77 81.79 87.62 85.54 87.95 86.76 94.80 9.3% 0.7%
United Kingdom 99.40 98.64 71.97 80.41 78.24 77.60 76.33 71.99 76.43 6.2% -2.3%

The World Top 10 1,612.67 1,846.50 2,062.61 2,148.81 2,204.18 2,370.09 2,430.19 2,417.00 2,493.64 3.2% 2.8%

Rest of the World 1,126.69 1,331.00 1,334.45 1,365.17 1,399.77 1,432.89 1,461.73 1,427.82 1,502.22 5.2% 1.1%

World 2,739.37 3,177.50 3,397.05 3,513.98 3,603.95 3,802.98 3,891.92 3,844.81 3,995.86 3.9% 2.1%

m
do
s
bia
te
ing
ta
ra
y
dK
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da
ico
ia
n
ina
rm
ite
ite
na
ud
pa
ss
ex
Share of World
n
Ge
Ch
Un
Ca
Un
Ru
Sa
Ira
Ja
M
1.9% 13.3% 20.6%

2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.6% 3.3% 5.5% 8.0%
(*)
Consumption
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 653.68 658.52 526.21 552.48 576.19 567.89 569.76 557.25 594.36 6.7% -0.9%
Albania 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.05 7.4% 13.0%
Austria 9.40 9.45 8.03 8.42 9.04 8.56 8.93 8.47 8.99 6.2% -0.4%
Belarus 19.67 21.0 6 18.41 18.30 18.73 19.87 18.99 17.54 18.52 5.6% -1.2%
Belgium 17.14 19.48 16.22 16.55 16.91 17.45 17.67 17.59 17.67 0.4% -0.9%
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.35 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.23 15.4% -0.1%
Bulgaria 3.26 2.68 3.02 3.12 3.21 3.04 2.84 2.93 3.30 12.9% 1.9%
Croatia 2.76 3.06 2.42 2.52 2.90 2.67 2.80 2.94 2.85 -2.9% -0.6%
Czech Republic 8.96 9.38 7.54 8.16 8.37 7.93 8.32 8.46 9.07 7.2% -0.3%
Denmark 5.12 5.14 3.32 3.35 3.20 3.11 2.94 2.46 2.17 -11.5% -7.5%
Estonia 0.93 0.65 0.45 0.50 0.47 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.44 8.1% -3.6%
Finland 4.19 4.46 2.60 2.39 2.25 2.53 2.47 2.46 2.46 0.2% -5.3%
France 47.71 49.56 40.75 44.53 44.77 42.84 43.66 40.58 43.04 6.1% -1.3%
Germany 90.46 88.28 75.77 81.79 87.62 85.54 87.95 86.76 94.80 9.3% 0.7%
Greece 2.74 3.76 3.11 4.06 4.89 4.79 5.22 5.73 6.34 10.6% 4.9%
Hungary 14.07 11.42 8.71 9.34 9.93 9.62 9.84 10.19 10.80 5.9% -0.5%
Ireland 4.07 5.47 4.37 4.94 5.02 5.22 5.30 5.30 5.09 -3.9% -0.6%
Italy 82.17 79.15 64.32 67.55 71.58 69.21 70.93 67.88 72.76 7.2% -0.8%
Latvia 1.58 1.70 1.28 1.29 1.15 1.36 1.28 1.06 1.12 5.9% -3.7%
Lithuania 2.88 2.90 2.40 2.14 2.23 2.07 2.17 2.29 2.18 -4.8% -2.5%
Luxembourg 1.37 1.39 0.89 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.72 0.78 7.8% -5.1%
Malta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.2%
Moldova 2.78 2.69 2.48 2.50 2.30 2.49 2.55 2.54 2.76 8.6% 0.2%
Netherlands 41.08 46.60 33.30 34.93 36.10 35.74 37.27 36.56 35.06 -4.1% -2.6%
North Macedonia 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.41 26.1% 12.6%
Norway 4.74 7.42 7.21 6.48 5.79 6.41 5.79 5.28 5.83 10.4% -2.2%
Poland 14.23 14.89 16.02 17.02 17.96 18.75 18.87 19.90 21.20 6.6% 3.3%
Portugal 4.36 5.22 4.71 5.03 6.30 5.84 6.14 6.01 5.76 -4.2% 0.9%
Romania 16.19 12.55 10.37 10.49 11.18 11.45 10.67 11.15 11.64 4.4% -0.7%
Serbia 2.26 2.16 2.04 2.20 2.46 2.48 2.32 2.31 2.78 20.3% 2.4%
Slovakia 6.84 5.82 4.51 4.53 4.81 4.74 4.75 4.75 5.29 11.3% -0.9%
Slovenia 1.08 1.00 0.77 0.82 0.86 0.84 0.86 0.86 0.90 5.4% -1.0%
Spain 34.71 36.20 28.54 29.12 31.71 31.50 35.93 32.48 34.21 5.3% -0.5%
Sweden 0.98 1.70 0.84 0.95 1.07 1.16 1.10 1.46 1.32 -9.2% -2.3%
Switzerland 3.24 3.50 3.32 3.48 3.50 3.32 3.41 3.31 3.60 8.7% 0.3%
Turkey 26.51 36.51 45.80 44.50 51.44 47.70 43.08 46.19 57.12 23.7% 4.2%
Ukraine 76.37 64.26 30.33 29.77 28.56 29.93 27.19 27.73 26.99 -2.7% -7.6%
United Kingdom 99.40 98.64 71.97 80.41 78.24 77.60 76.33 71.99 76.43 6.2% -2.3%
(*)

Consumption
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 406.67 446.06 423.63 431.84 447.71 497.85 486.17 475.31 531.28 11.8% 1.6%
Armenia 1.56 1.50 2.25 2.15 2.27 2.38 2.48 2.49 2.69 7.9% 5.4%
Azerbaijan 9.42 9.13 11.15 10.93 10.62 10.82 12.26 12.37 12.72 2.8% 3.1%
Georgia 1.23 1.18 2.41 2.27 2.39 2.38 2.70 2.70 2.55 -5.7% 7.3%
Kazakhstan 14.49 25.95 12.34 16.64 16.28 21.66 23.40 23.46 20.97 -10.6% -1.9%
Kyrgyzstan 0.72 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.0% 1.3%
Tajikistan 0.62 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.0% 1.7%
Turkmenistan 15.16 20.17 20.07 20.07 20.07 20.07 20.91 21.76 24.17 11.1% 1.7%
Uzbekistan 42.59 44.88 35.30 37.14 39.16 47.93 46.95 43.50 48.79 12.2% 0.8%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 248.61 361.50 455.51 474.51 491.79 498.57 511.11 517.78 535.43 3.4% 3.6%
Bahrain 9.71 12.29 14.15 13.99 14.01 14.18 15.66 15.76 16.35 3.8% 2.6%
Iran 97.50 142.06 180.63 193.48 205.47 212.58 210.96 213.14 218.04 2.3% 4.0%
Iraq 1.73 4.87 6.60 7.26 11.01 14.05 16.41 17.18 20.45 19.1% 13.9%
Israel 1.53 5.12 7.01 7.97 8.48 8.98 8.95 9.51 9.90 4.1% 6.2%
Jordan 1.61 2.66 2.26 3.94 4.08 4.00 3.92 3.74 3.08 -17.6% 1.3%
Kuwait 11.69 13.79 19.86 20.97 21.31 21.74 23.51 26.27 27.70 5.5% 6.5%
Lebanon 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Oman 8.65 17.33 24.52 24.62 24.14 26.48 26.60 26.09 28.69 10.0% 4.7%
Qatar 16.02 26.03 42.54 41.06 44.26 44.29 44.43 44.12 46.97 6.5% 5.5%
Saudi Arabia 53.46 69.66 82.89 86.25 90.72 92.00 93.27 93.85 95.23 1.5% 2.9%
Syria 5.75 9.08 4.05 3.53 3.49 3.47 3.33 2.92 3.07 5.2% -9.4%
United Arab Emirates 40.96 57.39 70.05 70.94 64.52 56.71 63.96 65.07 65.79 1.1% 1.2%
Yemen 0.95 0.96 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.0% -16.5%
(*)
Consumption
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 85.91 102.57 128.25 137.44 145.96 154.44 157.50 154.56 168.41 9.0% 4.6%
Algeria 23.87 27.12 40.03 40.31 41.75 45.24 46.67 44.86 47.42 5.7% 5.2%
Angola 0.62 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.80 1.10 1.24 1.26 0.87 -30.8% 2.0%
Cameroon 0.00 0.30 0.48 0.51 0.57 0.74 0.67 0.86 0.66 -23.5% 7.4%
Congo 0.02 0.10 0.50 0.57 0.60 0.68 0.96 1.00 1.00 -0.1% 23.5%
Côte d’Ivoire 1.46 1.54 1.96 1.97 2.19 2.03 2.16 2.22 2.36 6.6% 4.0%
Dem. Rep. Congo 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Egypt 34.87 41.65 42.77 48.22 56.84 60.20 61.25 59.27 64.86 9.4% 4.1%
Equatorial Guinea 1.24 1.50 1.78 2.17 1.95 2.13 1.71 1.90 2.21 16.3% 3.6%
Gabon 0.14 0.31 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.49 0.44 -9.5% 3.3%
Ghana 0.00 0.41 1.24 0.72 1.20 1.53 2.17 3.15 3.55 12.7% 21.6%
Libya 5.55 6.71 7.96 10.23 9.22 8.91 8.07 8.07 10.20 26.3% 3.9%
Morocco 0.44 0.66 1.18 1.20 1.19 1.07 1.02 0.79 0.79 -0.1% 1.6%
Mozambique 0.02 0.08 0.86 0.91 0.82 0.82 0.88 0.84 0.82 -2.8% 23.7%
Nigeria 10.48 10.26 16.49 17.50 16.47 17.45 17.84 17.94 20.45 14.0% 6.5%
Senegal 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 -2.6% -3.8%
South Africa 3.21 4.51 4.99 4.94 4.79 4.95 5.00 4.90 5.23 6.7% 1.4%
Tanzania 0.39 0.75 0.85 0.81 0.75 0.72 0.95 0.85 0.89 5.7% 1.6%
Tunisia 3.60 5.91 5.88 6.06 6.32 6.39 6.43 6.13 6.62 8.1% 1.0%
Others Africa 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.1% 1.7%
(*)
Consumption
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 398.03 563.46 682.40 706.89 734.44 790.08 818.36 828.16 845.94 2.1% 3.8%
Australia 22.06 31.84 38.53 35.46 36.38 37.85 39.83 44.12 41.88 -5.1% 2.5%
Bangladesh 12.57 19.28 24.88 27.18 27.19 27.12 30.19 30.49 32.38 6.2% 4.8%
Brunei 2.14 3.11 2.49 2.71 3.43 3.45 3.03 2.71 2.42 -10.5% -2.2%
China 45.11 103.95 184.44 198.61 227.01 265.92 288.63 308.37 321.18 4.2% 10.8%
Hong Kong 2.55 3.64 3.09 3.17 3.16 3.06 3.16 5.01 5.11 2.0% 3.1%
India 37.00 63.27 52.48 55.80 59.34 60.95 64.53 61.16 61.03 -0.2% -0.3%
Indonesia 34.04 45.15 44.04 45.46 45.06 45.28 45.60 39.66 39.41 -0.6% -1.2%
Japan 82.17 100.02 116.83 119.71 116.29 111.40 106.99 107.18 104.57 -2.4% 0.4%
Malaysia 37.07 36.28 43.66 41.59 37.46 45.11 45.62 41.79 43.18 3.3% 1.6%
Myanmar 2.66 1.49 3.52 4.10 4.23 3.76 3.08 3.54 3.02 -14.7% 6.6%
New Zealand 3.75 4.34 4.76 4.90 4.94 4.48 4.65 4.51 3.84 -15.0% -1.1%
Pakistan 29.82 31.40 30.89 31.05 30.28 36.87 35.12 33.78 35.19 4.2% 1.0%
Philippines 3.14 3.55 3.34 3.83 3.78 4.22 4.25 3.85 3.29 -14.6% -0.7%
Singapore 5.83 7.55 9.94 10.19 10.24 10.46 10.62 10.36 10.40 0.4% 3.0%
South Korea 31.84 44.93 45.76 48.05 50.26 55.27 56.84 57.55 63.09 9.6% 3.1%
Taiwan 10.35 15.42 20.12 21.03 23.12 23.34 22.99 24.83 27.23 9.6% 5.3%
Thailand 30.16 38.34 43.90 42.96 41.88 41.30 42.61 40.14 41.21 2.7% 0.7%
Vietnam 5.46 9.45 9.19 10.48 9.60 9.61 9.93 8.61 6.98 -18.9% -2.7%
(*)
Consumption
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 860.67 942.12 1,097.27 1,121.35 1,116.79 1,188.54 1,239.78 1,204.92 1,208.00 0.3% 2.3%
Argentina 41.46 43.26 49.89 50.47 51.55 50.62 49.71 46.57 46.68 0.3% 0.7%
Bolivia 2.24 2.89 3.88 4.33 4.39 4.42 4.13 3.36 4.08 21.5% 3.2%
Brazil 20.55 28.28 43.25 36.67 38.87 36.63 37.04 34.96 42.71 22.2% 3.8%
Canada 94.39 88.03 99.36 120.44 129.42 135.80 136.75 130.91 133.80 2.2% 3.9%
Chile 7.91 5.20 4.63 5.06 5.05 5.07 6.12 5.61 5.75 2.5% 0.9%
Colombia 7.12 9.57 11.74 11.15 11.42 11.92 12.31 12.17 11.50 -5.5% 1.7%
Cuba 0.69 0.99 1.15 1.10 0.97 0.90 0.88 0.83 0.83 0.0% -1.6%
Dominican Republic 0.20 0.79 1.09 1.03 1.18 1.18 1.26 1.31 1.71 30.1% 7.3%
Ecuador 0.32 0.49 0.65 0.70 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.41 0.42 3.4% -1.4%
Jamaica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.65 0.49 -24.9%
Mexico 53.62 63.08 75.20 76.97 72.80 84.31 79.84 93.24 95.35 2.3% 3.8%
Panama 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.80 0.43 0.41 -4.4%
Peru 1.89 6.39 9.17 9.65 8.16 8.44 8.85 7.44 8.96 20.4% 3.1%
Trinidad and Tobago 17.10 21.35 20.16 17.89 17.57 18.18 18.51 15.74 15.81 0.5% -2.7%
United States 589.89 646.72 751.89 759.30 748.90 807.08 863.29 836.24 822.96 -1.6% 2.2%
Uruguay 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.08 14.7% 0.6%
Venezuela 22.53 24.23 23.60 24.78 24.30 21.19 17.52 13.07 14.53 11.2% -4.5%
Others Americas 0.67 0.77 1.55 1.72 1.31 1.69 1.92 1.92 1.92 -0.1% 8.6%
(*)

(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 1,003 991 779 815 848 834 835 815 869
Russia and Central Asia 2,258 2,470 2,206 2,250 2,309 2,570 2,522 2,455 2,707
Middle East 1,311 1,667 1,886 1,931 1,970 1,965 1,983 1,986 2,028
Africa 120 127 140 146 151 156 155 149 158
Asia - Pacific 111 149 171 176 181 193 198 199 202
Americas 1,033 1,074 1,194 1,209 1,194 1,261 1,306 1,262 1,260
- North America 2,082 2,136 2,377 2,437 2,416 2,576 2,716 2,616 2,583

World 442 483 487 499 506 528 536 524 541

European Union 27 849 840 679 717 756 741 763 743 781

MENA 910 1,139 1,282 1,322 1,360 1,367 1,376 1,363 1,405

OECD 1,150 1,206 1,216 1,254 1,260 1,303 1,340 1,316 1,332
NON OECD 265 308 316 322 331 350 351 344 362

OPEC 748 876 979 1,008 1,014 1,006 1,004 990 1,013
NON OPEC 423 457 453 462 469 493 501 490 505
Per Capita Consumption (2021)
sia
.A
h
ica
ut
Am ent fic
dC
ica o
st
er
er ral S
C ci
Ea
an
Am
Pa
pe
le
ia
a
rth
-
idd
ss
ric
ro
ia
Cubic metres
No
As
Ru
Eu
Af
158 431 869 2,028 2,583 2,707

202
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Extended Balances, Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition and IHS Global Insight data. All rights reserved.
The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption (*)

(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 2,828 3,114 2,928 2,976 3,078 3,418 3,336 3,264 3,661
Canada 2,931 2,592 2,785 3,341 3,546 3,670 3,643 3,445 3,500
Saudi Arabia 2,191 2,369 2,531 2,581 2,653 2,627 2,603 2,607 2,649
Iran 1,389 1,885 2,208 2,322 2,431 2,483 2,437 2,442 2,480
United States 1,990 2,086 2,332 2,337 2,289 2,453 2,611 2,521 2,477
Germany 1,114 1,085 923 993 1,060 1,032 1,058 1,041 1,137
United Kingdom 1,646 1,572 1,103 1,225 1,184 1,168 1,143 1,074 1,136
Japan 643 781 918 943 918 882 851 856 839
Mexico 509 561 626 633 593 680 638 740 753
China 35 77 132 142 161 188 203 216 225

m
do
bia
te
ing
ta
ra
dK
dS
an
iA
da
ico
ia
n
ina
rm
ite
ite
na
ud
pa
ss
ex
Cubic metres
n
Ge
Ch
Un
Un
Ca
Ru
Sa
Ira
Ja
M
225 753 839 1,136 1,137 2,477 2,480 2,649 3,500 3,661
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Extended Balances and IHS Global Insight data. All rights reserved.
Countries (*)
(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 1,003 991 779 815 848 834 835 815 869
Albania 3 5 11 14 15 13 23 17 18
Austria 1,143 1,130 930 964 1,028 969 1,005 951 1,008
Belarus 2,057 2,235 1,951 1,938 1,982 2,102 2,009 1,856 1,962
Belgium 1,630 1,790 1,442 1,462 1,485 1,524 1,535 1,522 1,522
Bosnia Herzegovina 93 63 60 63 69 70 66 61 71
Bulgaria 424 360 419 437 452 431 406 421 479
Croatia 622 701 569 598 692 641 678 717 702
Czech Republic 873 891 711 768 787 744 779 790 846
Denmark 941 926 585 587 557 539 508 422 371
Estonia 686 491 345 378 358 364 334 305 330
Finland 800 832 475 436 408 458 448 444 444
France 789 794 639 696 698 666 678 629 667
Germany 1,114 1,085 923 993 1,060 1,032 1,058 1,041 1,137
Greece 246 341 288 378 457 450 494 545 607
Hungary 1,395 1,150 891 957 1,021 991 1,016 1,055 1,121
Ireland 986 1,209 937 1,047 1,051 1,080 1,083 1,071 1,021
Italy 1,412 1,323 1,068 1,124 1,193 1,156 1,188 1,141 1,228
Latvia 707 809 641 656 591 702 670 558 598
Lithuania 854 923 811 730 769 718 761 813 783
Luxembourg 2,943 2,744 1,571 1,414 1,352 1,308 1,283 1,146 1,218
Malta 0 0 0 0 586 693 707 718 704
Moldova 960 937 871 885 827 911 949 963 1,065
Netherlands 2,526 2,804 1,954 2,040 2,098 2,068 2,146 2,097 2,003
North Macedonia 36 54 63 98 126 117 136 156 196
Norway 1,024 1,518 1,389 1,237 1,098 1,206 1,083 982 1,079
Poland 371 389 421 448 473 495 498 526 561
Portugal 415 493 455 487 611 568 597 584 560
Romania 756 613 520 530 569 587 551 579 608
Serbia 304 296 287 312 351 355 334 335 405
Slovakia 1,267 1,077 830 832 883 870 871 871 969
Slovenia 539 488 371 392 409 400 405 404 425
Spain 795 777 615 627 681 673 762 686 720
Sweden 108 182 85 96 106 115 107 141 126
Switzerland 436 447 401 416 414 390 397 384 415
Turkey 386 499 575 549 627 576 516 549 674
Ukraine 1,628 1,407 674 664 639 673 615 632 620
United Kingdom 1,646 1,572 1,103 1,225 1,184 1,168 1,143 1,074 1,136
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Extended Balances, Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition and IHS Global Insight data. All rights reserved.
Countries (*)
(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia and Central Asia 2,258 2,470 2,206 2,250 2,309 2,570 2,522 2,455 2,707
Russia 2,828 3,114 2,928 2,976 3,078 3,418 3,336 3,264 3,661
Armenia 522 522 769 733 770 805 840 840 905
Azerbaijan 1,088 988 1,130 1,096 1,054 1,065 1,198 1,202 1,233
Georgia 312 308 640 602 634 631 715 718 679
Kazakhstan 926 1,561 692 921 889 1,168 1,248 1,236 1,092
Kyrgyzstan 141 53 45 46 48 52 49 51 50
Tajikistan 92 25 0 0 0 6 24 24 23
Turkmenistan 3,188 3,964 3,606 3,544 3,485 3,430 3,519 3,607 3,951
Uzbekistan 1,612 1,574 1,141 1,181 1,225 1,476 1,424 1,300 1,438
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 1,311 1,667 1,886 1,931 1,970 1,965 1,983 1,986 2,028
Bahrain 10,771 10,128 10,385 9,926 9,617 9,531 10,483 10,664 11,175
Iran 1,389 1,885 2,208 2,322 2,431 2,483 2,437 2,442 2,480
Iraq 60 156 175 188 278 346 395 404 470
Israel 227 699 875 977 1,021 1,062 1,040 1,086 1,112
Jordan 280 397 237 402 406 388 372 346 279
Kuwait 5,227 4,686 5,080 5,179 5,166 5,035 5,294 6,024 6,518
Lebanon 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oman 3,440 6,015 5,850 5,597 5,315 5,756 5,779 5,902 6,423
Qatar 18,873 15,190 17,617 15,821 16,320 16,007 15,828 15,984 17,474
Saudi Arabia 2,191 2,369 2,531 2,581 2,653 2,627 2,603 2,607 2,649
Syria 313 425 225 202 204 205 195 167 168
United Arab Emirates 9,569 6,767 7,856 7,887 7,115 6,205 6,943 7,006 7,025
Yemen 0 41 36 18 11 4 3 4 4
(*)
Countries (*)
(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 120 127 140 146 151 156 155 149 158
Algeria 724 756 1,012 999 1,015 1,079 1,093 1,032 1,073
Angola 32 30 26 26 26 35 38 38 25
Cameroon 0 15 21 22 23 30 26 33 24
Congo 6 23 103 115 118 130 178 181 177
Côte d’Ivoire 77 73 83 81 88 80 83 83 86
Egypt 441 477 438 483 558 580 580 552 594
Equatorial Guinea 1,648 1,591 1,520 1,789 1,546 1,627 1,264 1,353 1,522
Gabon 103 201 296 290 251 239 244 251 223
Ghana 0 16 43 25 40 49 69 98 108
Libya 957 1,082 1,241 1,576 1,402 1,334 1,190 1,175 1,465
Morocco 14 20 34 34 34 30 28 22 21
Mozambique 1 3 32 33 29 28 29 27 26
Nigeria 75 64 90 93 85 88 88 86 96
Senegal 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
South Africa 65 87 89 88 85 86 86 83 88
Tanzania 10 17 16 15 13 12 16 14 14
Tunisia 346 543 509 518 535 536 533 504 540
Others Africa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(*)
Countries (*)
(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 111 149 171 176 181 193 198 199 202
Australia 1,094 1,446 1,617 1,466 1,479 1,515 1,571 1,719 1,615
Bangladesh 89 130 158 170 168 166 182 182 191
Brunei 5,856 8,012 5,991 6,465 8,073 8,034 7,004 6,192 5,492
China 35 77 132 142 161 188 203 216 225
Hong Kong 367 511 417 426 423 409 421 668 682
India 32 51 40 42 44 45 47 44 43
Indonesia 149 185 170 174 170 170 169 146 144
Japan 643 781 918 943 918 882 851 856 839
Malaysia 1,430 1,263 1,405 1,319 1,172 1,392 1,391 1,259 1,286
Myanmar 54 30 67 77 79 70 57 65 55
New Zealand 908 998 1,036 1,049 1,040 925 939 892 748
Pakistan 171 161 146 145 140 168 157 149 152
Philippines 36 37 32 37 35 39 38 34 29
Singapore 1,342 1,462 1,759 1,783 1,777 1,799 1,810 1,754 1,751
South Korea 665 921 897 936 976 1,070 1,097 1,110 1,217
Taiwan 454 668 856 891 977 984 967 1,042 1,141
Thailand 458 562 625 608 591 581 598 562 576
Vietnam 66 108 100 112 102 101 104 89 72
Others Asia - Pacific 9 11 12 12 16 12 13 9 10
(*)
Countries (*)
(cubic metres)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 1,033 1,074 1,194 1,209 1,194 1,261 1,306 1,262 1,260
Argentina 1,061 1,053 1,153 1,156 1,170 1,140 1,111 1,034 1,031
Bolivia 239 282 350 384 383 381 350 281 338
Brazil 110 144 211 177 186 174 175 164 199
Canada 2,931 2,592 2,785 3,341 3,546 3,670 3,643 3,445 3,500
Chile 489 306 259 280 275 271 322 291 295
Colombia 169 214 249 234 236 242 245 239 223
Cuba 61 88 102 97 86 79 78 73 73
Dominican Republic 22 80 105 98 111 109 115 119 154
Ecuador 23 33 40 43 38 32 28 23 24
Jamaica 0 0 0 11 69 83 96 229 172
Mexico 509 561 626 633 593 680 638 740 753
Panama 0 0 0 0 0 62 190 101 95
Peru 67 219 299 310 258 262 270 223 266
Trinidad and Tobago 13,188 16,074 14,710 12,987 12,696 13,081 13,267 11,244 11,269
United States 1,990 2,086 2,332 2,337 2,289 2,453 2,611 2,521 2,477
Uruguay 31 22 16 18 20 19 27 20 23
Venezuela 845 844 773 806 795 711 605 459 515
Others Americas 111 127 287 323 251 332 384 389 390
(*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.36
Middle East 1.19 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.24
Africa 2.12 1.98 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.53
Asia - Pacific 0.91 0.84 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.75 0.74 0.73
Americas 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.06 1.06 1.07
- North America 0.98 0.99 1.06 1.03 1.06 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.16
World 1.00 0.99 1.01 1.00 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00
European Union 27 0.31 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11
MENA 1.41 1.39 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.28

OECD 0.75 0.73 0.79 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.84 0.84 0.83
NON OECD 1.28 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.18 1.19 1.15 1.14
OPEC 1.32 1.21 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.14
NON OPEC 0.97 0.96 1.00 0.98 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.98 0.98
Production/Consumption Ratio (2021)

ica
er
sia
m
.A
hA
ica
ic
dC
ut
st
er
cif
So
Ea
an
Am
Pa
l
pe
le
ia
ra
a
rth
Cubic metres
-
idd
ss
ric
nt
ro
ia
No
Ce
As
Ru
Eu
Af
M
0,71 0,73 1,16 1,24 1,48 1,53

0,36
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Extended Balances and, for Italy, on Ministry for Ecological Transition data. All rights reserved.
The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Norway 18.43 14.85 16.60 18.38 21.90 19.38 20.25 21.58 20.10
Qatar 2.89 4.79 4.01 4.21 3.89 3.87 3.90 3.91 3.73
Australia 1.65 1.62 1.76 2.27 2.82 3.11 3.44 3.36 3.41
Algeria 3.68 3.09 2.08 2.32 2.28 2.12 1.91 1.87 2.14
Russia 1.48 1.41 1.44 1.45 1.51 1.42 1.51 1.45 1.43
Canada 1.91 1.71 1.63 1.49 1.44 1.41 1.35 1.38 1.38
United States 0.83 0.89 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.01 1.08 1.10 1.13
Iran 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.07 1.07
Saudi Arabia 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
China 1.06 0.90 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.61

s
bia
te
ta
ra
a
dS
iA
da
ali
ay
ria
ia
ina
r
str
rw
ite
na
ud
ss
ta
ge
n
No
Qa
Au
Ch
Un
Ca
Ru
Sa
Ira
Al
0.61 1.00 1.07 1.13 1.38 1.43 3.41 3.73 20.10

2.14
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2022) Extended Balances data. All rights reserved.
Countries (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.36
Albania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Austria 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.07
Belarus 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Bulgaria 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01
Croatia 0.79 0.84 0.71 0.63 0.49 0.44 0.35 0.28 0.25
Czech Republic 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02
Denmark 2.13 1.66 1.45 1.41 1.58 1.38 1.09 0.56 0.58
France 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Germany 0.18 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05
Greece 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hungary 0.19 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.13
Ireland 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.59 0.66 0.61 0.47 0.36 0.29
Italy 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04
Netherlands 1.59 1.62 1.38 1.27 1.05 0.90 0.75 0.55 0.51
Norway 18.43 14.85 16.60 18.38 21.90 19.38 20.25 21.58 20.10
Poland 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.18
Romania 0.70 0.80 0.99 0.86 0.89 0.86 0.89 0.76 0.74
Serbia 0.12 0.17 0.26 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.12
Slovakia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01
Slovenia 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
Spain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkey 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Ukraine 0.24 0.28 0.57 0.59 0.63 0.64 0.70 0.66 0.63
United Kingdom 0.93 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.55 0.43
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IEA (2021) Extended Balances and, for Italy, on Ministry for Ecological Transition data. All rights reserved.
Countries (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Russia 1.48 1.41 1.44 1.45 1.51 1.42 1.51 1.45 1.43
Azerbaijan 0.57 1.78 1.69 1.67 1.67 1.73 1.95 2.09 2.50
Georgia 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
Kazakhstan 1.27 1.10 2.20 1.86 2.23 1.81 1.43 1.30 1.41
Kyrgyzstan 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06
Tajikistan 0.04 0.12 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkmenistan 3.94 2.13 3.95 3.77 3.80 3.99 3.93 3.60 3.53
Uzbekistan 1.21 1.25 1.31 1.28 1.23 1.22 1.22 1.08 1.04
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Middle East 1.19 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.24
Bahrain 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Iran 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.07 1.07
Iraq 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.72 0.65 0.60 0.55
Israel 1.00 0.61 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.94 1.30 1.57
Jordan 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05
Kuwait 1.00 0.81 0.81 0.77 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.72
Oman 2.41 1.59 1.34 1.36 1.40 1.44 1.45 1.45 1.44
Qatar 2.89 4.79 4.01 4.21 3.89 3.87 3.90 3.91 3.73
Saudi Arabia 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Syria 1.00 0.93 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Yemen 6.57 2.97 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(*)
Countries (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Africa 2.12 1.98 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.56 1.53 1.49 1.53
Algeria 3.68 3.09 2.08 2.32 2.28 2.12 1.91 1.87 2.14
Angola 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.14 6.90 5.59 5.23 5.68 6.40
Cameroon 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.05 3.32 2.62 3.30
Congo 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Côte d’Ivoire 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Egypt 1.42 1.30 0.85 0.84 0.89 0.99 1.08 1.00 1.06
Equatorial Guinea 1.00 4.14 3.98 3.44 4.01 3.46 3.46 3.02 3.02
Gabon 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Ghana 0.00 0.56 0.85 0.74 0.56 0.72 0.80 0.82
Libya 1.94 2.38 1.85 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.67 1.53 1.42
Morocco 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.12
Mozambique 104.68 39.54 5.48 5.30 5.85 5.84 5.41 5.49 5.62
Nigeria 2.19 3.01 2.52 2.29 2.60 2.49 2.46 2.46 2.06
Senegal 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
South Africa 0.65 0.33 0.22 0.21 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.19
Tanzania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Tunisia 0.64 0.61 0.50 0.44 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.37 0.39
Others Africa 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(*)
Countries (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Asia - Pacific 0.91 0.84 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.75 0.74 0.73
Australia 1.65 1.62 1.76 2.27 2.82 3.11 3.44 3.36 3.41
Bangladesh 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.81 0.78
Brunei 5.44 3.84 4.40 3.89 3.38 3.60 3.51 3.83 3.90
China 1.06 0.90 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.61
India 0.82 0.79 0.58 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.46 0.44 0.50
Indonesia 2.24 1.93 1.73 1.65 1.61 1.61 1.48 1.50 1.50
Japan 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
Malaysia 1.74 1.64 1.54 1.60 1.74 1.53 1.57 1.58 1.63
Myanmar 4.50 7.92 4.87 4.53 4.39 4.54 5.68 4.78 5.42
New Zealand 1.00 1.03 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.03
Pakistan 1.00 1.00 0.91 0.84 0.73 0.77 0.74 0.73 0.72
Philippines 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
South Korea 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Taiwan 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.71 0.75 0.68 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.66 0.63 0.62
Vietnam 1.28 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Others Asia - Pacific 1.00 12.04 15.96 14.59 10.59 12.91 11.42 11.36 10.19
(*)
Countries (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Americas 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.06 1.06 1.07
Argentina 1.12 0.93 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.82 0.87 0.85 0.85
Bolivia 5.30 4.96 5.41 4.63 4.44 4.09 3.83 4.53 3.90
Brazil 0.55 0.54 0.56 0.67 0.72 0.70 0.73 0.72 0.59
Canada 1.91 1.71 1.63 1.49 1.44 1.41 1.35 1.38 1.38
Chile 0.24 0.35 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.23
Colombia 1.00 1.15 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.98
Cuba 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Ecuador 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Mexico 0.83 0.79 0.53 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.34 0.32
Peru 1.00 1.39 1.61 1.69 1.78 1.69 1.70 1.82 1.49
United States 0.83 0.89 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.01 1.08 1.10 1.13
Venezuela 1.00 0.92 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Others Americas 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
(*)
Natural Gas - Trade and Prices
EXPORTS
The World Top 10 Exporters
Countries
IMPORTS
The World Top 10 Importers
Countries
Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline and LNG 2021
Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline 2021
Imports by Country of Origin - LNG 2021
TRADED GAS
LNG - LIQUEFACTION AND REGASIFICATION CAPACITY

Liquefaction Capacity - Countries
Regasification Capacity - Countries
NATURAL GAS BALANCE - ITALY
NATURAL GAS PRICES

Exports
The World Top 10 Exporters (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia 194.71 179.31 191.86 203.66 218.13 234.27 248.35 228.22 235.52 3.2% 2.5%
United States 19.42 30.42 47.33 61.26 86.57 98.58 127.49 144.53 185.48 28.3% 17.9%
Qatar 30.35 98.76 128.23 131.89 128.07 127.11 129.04 128.45 128.05 -0.3% 2.4%
Norway 82.54 102.90 112.52 112.54 120.94 117.77 111.55 108.71 111.36 2.4% 0.7%
Australia 14.40 24.33 34.15 50.60 71.45 84.50 102.39 108.46 106.02 -2.3% 14.3%
Canada 101.65 92.05 76.37 82.63 83.47 78.21 74.79 69.23 77.80 12.4% -1.5%
Turkmenistan 44.52 22.74 59.22 55.49 56.19 59.92 61.22 56.58 61.15 8.1% 9.4%
Algeria 64.07 56.58 43.03 53.38 53.42 50.86 42.31 39.03 54.15 38.7% -0.4%
Netherlands 43.47 49.61 46.12 49.71 46.78 45.40 39.73 33.32 36.07 8.3% -2.9%
Malaysia 28.89 31.20 32.70 32.91 35.91 31.78 34.31 32.19 34.64 7.6% 1.0%

The World Top 10 624.00 687.90 771.53 834.08 900.92 928.40 971.18 948.72 1,030.23 8.6% 3.7%

Rest of the World 219.81 265.94 281.30 260.00 286.12 259.77 268.70 248.68 230.01 -7.5% -1.3%

World 843.82 953.84 1,052.83 1,094.08 1.187.04 1.188.17 1,239.88 1,197.40 1,260.24 5.2% 2.6%

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Share of World
No
Ne
Qa
Au
Ca
Un
Ru
Tu
Al
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2.9% 4.3% 4.9% 6.2% 8.4% 8.8% 10.2% 14.7% 18.7%

2.7%
(*)
NATURAL GAS - TRADE AND PRICES 159
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe

Austria 1.03 4.74 5.59 6.69 5.26 5.04 2.71 9.70 5.60 -42.3% 1.5%
Belgium 0.00 3.20 1.66 0.67 0.31 1.32 4.35 3.37 2.94 -12.7% -0.8%
Bulgaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -100.0%
Croatia 0.42 0.46 0.35 0.38 0.19 0.11 0.07 0.05 0.10 104.4% -12.6%
Czech Republic 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Denmark 5.83 3.67 2.29 2.21 2.33 1.60 1.37 1.66 1.64 -0.9% -7.1%
France 1.05 2.97 5.66 3.88 6.31 6.19 11.26 9.50 4.38 -53.9% 3.6%
Germany 19.72 19.95 31.68 22.48 31.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Greece 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 -52.9%
Hungary 0.00 0.22 0.53 1.04 3.42 4.85 6.78 4.14 2.10 -49.3% 22.9%
Italy 0.38 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.26 0.38 0.31 0.30 1.47 388.3% 24.3%
Lithuania 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.04 0.20 0.18 0.50 0.50 0.13 -74.3%
Netherlands 43.47 49.61 46.12 49.71 46.78 45.40 39.73 33.32 36.07 8.3% -2.9%
Norway 82.54 102.90 112.52 112.54 120.94 117.77 111.55 108.71 111.36 2.4% 0.7%
Poland 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.83 1.18 0.66 1.28 1.35 0.11 -91.9% 8.7%
Romania 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.13 0.70 430.9%
Slovakia 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.31
Slovenia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Spain 0.00 1.17 5.12 4.03 2.91 3.29 1.14 1.19 3.06 157.8% 9.1%
Sweden 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 94.8%
Turkey 0.00 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.60 0.64 0.73 0.55 0.37 -33.8% -4.7%
Ukraine 2.59 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 34.8%
United Kingdom 8.66 15.14 13.80 10.30 11.20 7.46 8.14 9.53 6.81 -28.5% -7.0%
(*)
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)

Russia 194.71 179.31 191.86 203.66 218.13 234.27 248.35 228.22 235.52 3.2% 2.5%
Azerbaijan 0.00 6.04 7.95 7.86 8.65 9.68 11.55 13.51 18.49 36.8% 10.7%
Georgia 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kazakhstan 15.05 6.08 20.11 21.50 26.22 26.79 26.25 20.33 16.42 -19.2% 9.5%
Turkmenistan 44.52 22.74 59.22 55.49 56.19 59.92 61.22 56.58 61.15 8.1% 9.4%
Uzbekistan 10.54 11.05 10.19 9.93 8.70 11.55 11.55 2.88 1.92 -33.5% -14.7%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East

Iran 4.66 8.35 8.92 8.92 13.01 13.68 17.97 15.79 14.26 -9.7% 5.0%
Israel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.18 3.41 5.73 68.0%
Jordan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 1.06 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 -0.1%
Oman 12.19 12.27 10.42 11.00 11.62 13.68 14.00 13.34 13.97 4.7% 1.2%
Qatar 30.35 98.76 128.23 131.89 128.07 127.11 129.04 128.45 128.05 -0.3% 2.4%
United Arab Emirates 6.96 7.45 7.05 7.12 6.70 7.00 7.17 6.32 7.01 10.9% -0.6%
Yemen 0.00 5.30 1.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa
Algeria 64.07 56.58 43.03 53.38 53.42 50.86 42.31 39.03 54.15 38.7% -0.4%
Angola 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.86 4.71 5.06 5.22 5.91 4.72 -20.2%
Cameroon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 1.57 1.40 1.52 9.1%
Egypt 14.71 12.33 0.24 1.31 1.12 2.28 4.83 2.03 3.84 89.0% -10.1%
Equatorial Guinea 0.00 4.71 5.29 5.31 5.87 5.23 4.21 3.82 4.46 16.6% -0.5%
Libya 5.20 9.26 6.75 4.56 4.37 4.27 5.41 4.27 4.27 0.0% -6.8%
Mozambique 2.15 3.04 3.87 3.92 3.97 3.98 3.88 3.79 3.79 0.0% 2.0%
Nigeria 12.52 20.65 25.01 22.59 26.37 25.96 26.03 26.19 21.59 -17.6% 0.4%
(*)
Exports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific
Australia 14.40 24.33 34.15 50.60 71.45 84.50 102.39 108.46 106.02 -2.3% 14.3%
Brunei 9.49 8.83 8.36 7.88 8.23 8.91 7.62 7.65 7.02 -8.2% -2.1%
China 2.89 3.92 3.16 3.29 3.44 3.27 3.50 5.02 5.25 4.6% 2.7%
Indonesia 42.22 41.85 32.13 29.62 27.64 27.52 21.98 19.88 19.87 -0.1% -6.5%
Malaysia 28.89 31.20 32.70 32.91 35.91 31.78 34.31 32.19 34.64 7.6% 1.0%
Myanmar 9.32 10.34 13.66 14.51 14.31 13.32 14.41 13.39 13.36 -0.2% 2.4%
Vietnam 1.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas
Argentina 6.65 0.46 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.43 0.27 0.18 0.85 373.4% 5.8%
Bolivia 9.64 11.41 17.14 15.74 15.08 13.68 11.66 11.86 11.85 -0.1% 0.3%
Canada 101.65 92.05 76.37 82.63 83.47 78.21 74.79 69.23 77.80 12.4% -1.5%
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.21 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00
Colombia 0.00 1.39 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Dominican Republic 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.05 -30.2%
Mexico 0.25 0.92 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 -100.0% -100.0%
Peru 0.00 2.48 5.58 6.69 6.37 5.84 6.23 6.10 4.36 -28.5% 5.3%
Trinidad and Tobago 13.72 20.33 17.05 14.48 14.92 16.82 17.04 14.07 9.06 -35.6% -7.1%
United States 19.42 30.42 47.33 61.26 86.57 98.58 127.49 144.53 185.48 28.3% 17.9%
(*)
Imports
The World Top 10 Importers (*)

∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
China 0.00 14.64 56.58 68.69 86.37 113.31 120.66 126.04 131.69 4.5% 22.1%
Japan 78.92 96.12 113.79 115.39 114.22 110.16 104.64 104.47 101.09 -3.2% 0.5%
Germany 91.76 91.65 99.92 94.92 111.35 82.03 88.01 77.31 85.50 10.6% -0.6%
United States 117.32 101.09 73.15 80.88 81.88 77.63 73.74 68.63 78.29 14.1% -2.3%
Italy 69.97 71.77 58.36 62.18 66.34 64.65 67.69 63.24 69.53 9.9% -0.3%
Mexico 8.94 14.70 35.09 41.35 41.53 51.37 47.71 61.43 64.93 5.7% 14.5%
South Korea 30.37 45.69 45.29 46.06 50.74 57.74 56.05 55.89 63.48 13.6% 3.0%
Turkey 25.74 36.42 46.38 44.39 52.90 48.15 43.29 46.08 56.21 22.0% 4.0%
United Kingdom 15.60 54.56 44.59 47.42 46.53 46.54 46.01 43.04 50.20 16.6% -0.8%
Netherlands 19.12 21.46 33.91 38.26 45.20 50.75 49.42 49.84 47.91 -3.9% 7.6%

The World Top 10 457.74 548.12 607.06 639.54 697.06 702.33 697.21 695.97 748.83 7.6% 2.9%

Rest of the World 367.21 410.73 417.47 427.52 457.54 452.85 493.86 468.88 476.60 1.6% 1.4%

World 824.94 958.84 1,024.52 1,067.07 1,154.60 1,155.18 1,191.06 1,164.86 1,225.44 5.2% 2.3%

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Share of World
Ne
Ge
Ch
Un
Un
So
Ita
Ja
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3.9% 4.1% 4.6% 5.2% 5.3% 5.7% 6.4% 7.0% 8.2% 10.7%
(*)
Imports
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe

Austria 9.35 11.85 11.42 13.93 13.42 12.59 13.68 15.91 10.19 -35.9% -1.4%
Belarus 19.43 20.83 18.14 18.00 18.36 19.63 18.84 17.42 18.37 5.5% -1.1%
Belgium 17.23 22.73 17.77 17.31 16.96 18.88 22.35 20.81 20.60 -1.0% -0.9%
Bosnia Herzegovina 0.35 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.23 15.4% -0.1%
Bulgaria 2.86 2.48 2.93 3.02 3.17 3.01 2.86 2.83 3.18 12.3% 2.3%
Croatia 1.08 1.01 1.01 1.22 1.75 1.53 1.93 2.07 2.23 7.8% 7.5%
Czech Republic 8.84 8.11 7.17 7.81 8.53 7.68 9.14 7.28 8.35 14.7% 0.3%
Denmark 0.00 0.16 0.69 0.71 0.54 0.40 1.16 2.58 2.41 -6.4% 28.1%
Estonia 0.93 0.65 0.45 0.50 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.43 0.47 8.2% -3.0%
Finland 4.19 4.46 2.60 2.39 2.23 2.53 2.49 2.46 2.45 -0.4% -5.3%
France 48.41 48.98 45.80 47.96 50.19 51.04 56.88 47.94 45.76 -4.6% -0.6%
Germany 91.76 91.65 99.92 94.92 111.35 82.03 88.01 77.31 85.50 10.6% -0.6%
Greece 2.71 3.76 3.11 4.03 4.91 4.82 5.18 5.80 6.31 8.8% 4.8%
Hungary 11.41 9.20 6.60 8.40 12.98 12.35 18.12 11.85 9.37 -20.9% 0.2%
Ireland 3.50 5.21 4.21 1.98 1.64 2.02 2.81 3.38 3.62 7.3% -3.3%
Italy 69.97 71.77 58.36 62.18 66.34 64.65 67.69 63.24 69.53 9.9% -0.3%
Latvia 1.67 1.05 1.26 1.07 1.18 1.34 1.28 1.06 1.12 5.8% 0.6%
Lithuania 2.90 2.89 2.49 2.20 2.42 2.22 2.67 2.77 2.33 -15.9% -1.9%
Luxembourg 1.37 1.39 0.89 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.72 0.78 7.8% -5.1%
Malta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.38 7.9%
Moldova 2.78 2.69 2.48 2.50 2.30 2.49 2.55 2.54 2.76 8.8% 0.3%
Netherlands 19.12 21.46 33.91 38.26 45.20 50.75 49.42 49.84 47.91 -3.9% 7.6%
North Macedonia 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.41 26.0% 12.6%
Norway 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.16 374.7% 34.7%
Poland 9.96 10.36 11.62 14.17 15.15 15.21 16.82 16.83 17.83 5.9% 5.1%
Portugal 4.53 5.24 4.73 4.96 6.32 5.90 6.14 5.97 5.77 -3.4% 0.9%
Romania 4.87 2.11 0.19 1.37 1.11 1.41 2.48 1.99 3.44 73.2% 4.5%
Serbia 2.00 1.82 1.61 1.66 2.02 2.04 2.10 1.84 2.19 18.8% 1.7%
Slovakia 7.03 5.82 4.29 4.21 5.08 4.25 6.49 4.19 4.97 18.6% -1.4%
Slovenia 1.08 1.00 0.77 0.82 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.90 5.5% -1.0%
Spain 35.18 37.16 32.78 32.79 35.04 35.23 37.65 32.87 37.41 13.8% 0.1%
Sweden 0.98 1.70 0.84 0.95 1.10 1.21 1.14 1.51 1.40 -7.2% -1.8%
Switzerland 3.24 3.50 3.32 3.48 3.50 3.32 3.41 3.31 3.60 8.7% 0.3%
Turkey 25.74 36.42 46.38 44.39 52.90 48.15 43.29 46.08 56.21 22.0% 4.0%
Ukraine 58.72 34.38 15.46 10.24 13.10 9.84 11.06 8.59 7.47 -13.0% -13.0%
United Kingdom 15.60 54.56 44.59 47.42 46.53 46.54 46.01 43.04 50.20 16.6% -0.8%
(*)
Imports
Export
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)

Russia 7.21 4.07 8.41 8.54 8.39 8.97 8.71 8.59 9.09 5.9% 7.6%
Armenia 1.56 1.59 2.28 2.15 2.29 2.36 2.47 2.50 2.69 7.6% 4.9%
Azerbaijan 4.41 0.00 0.00 0.29 2.06 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.00
Georgia 1.22 1.17 2.50 2.26 2.38 2.37 2.69 2.70 2.54 -5.9% 7.3%
Kazakhstan 10.95 3.43 5.45 6.82 6.42 9.70 16.18 12.77 7.89 -38.2% 7.9%
Kyrgyzstan 0.69 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.0% 1.4%
Tajikistan 0.60 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.0% 2.8%
Uzbekistan 0.94 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East
Iran 5.09 8.85 8.43 5.77 3.80 2.08 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.2% -42.4%
Iraq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.38 3.98 5.80 6.86 9.27 35.2%
Israel 0.00 2.01 0.11 0.30 0.43 0.70 0.72 0.54 0.13 -75.7% -22.0%
Jordan 1.40 2.50 2.14 4.64 5.05 4.20 4.12 3.88 3.23 -17.0% 2.3%
Kuwait 0.00 2.65 3.79 4.72 5.25 4.73 4.94 5.84 7.66 31.2% 10.1%
Lebanon 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Oman 0.00 1.97 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.07 2.07 1.66 1.38 -16.7% -3.2%
Syria 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
United Arab Emirates 1.33 16.54 20.41 19.79 20.27 18.52 19.23 19.52 19.35 -0.9% 1.4%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa
Egypt 0.00 0.00 6.62 9.08 7.64 2.91 0.00 2.04 0.00 -100.0%
Ghana 0.00 0.41 0.54 0.11 0.31 0.67 0.61 0.64 0.64 -0.1% 4.1%
Morocco 0.40 0.61 1.10 1.13 1.12 1.00 0.93 0.70 0.69 -1.6% 1.2%
South Africa 1.13 3.04 3.87 3.92 3.97 3.98 3.88 3.83 4.22 10.2% 3.0%
Tunisia 1.28 2.34 2.95 3.41 3.83 4.01 4.22 3.89 3.98 2.4% 5.0%
(*)
Imports
Export
Countries (*)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific
Australia 0.00 4.44 5.02 5.66 5.16 4.66 5.05 4.49 5.19 15.5% 1.4%
Bangladesh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.25 5.70 7.18 25.9%
China 0.00 14.64 56.58 68.69 86.37 113.31 120.66 126.04 131.69 4.5% 22.1%
Hong Kong 2.55 3.64 3.09 3.17 3.16 3.06 3.16 5.01 5.11 2.0% 3.1%
India 6.83 13.30 22.14 25.72 28.40 29.70 35.03 34.08 30.55 -10.3% 7.9%
Japan 78.92 96.12 113.79 115.39 114.22 110.16 104.64 104.47 101.09 -3.2% 0.5%
Malaysia 1.56 8.16 9.09 7.94 8.14 8.09 8.47 7.98 7.27 -8.9% -1.0%
Myanmar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pakistan 0.00 0.00 2.66 4.92 8.28 9.85 9.85 8.98 9.91 10.3%
Singapore 5.83 7.55 9.89 10.13 10.33 10.42 10.62 10.36 10.40 0.4% 3.0%
South Korea 30.37 45.69 45.29 46.06 50.74 57.74 56.05 55.89 63.48 13.6% 3.0%
Taiwan 9.81 15.20 19.83 20.67 23.00 23.48 23.10 24.79 27.12 9.4% 5.4%
Thailand 8.64 9.58 13.91 13.54 14.41 14.71 14.56 14.99 15.80 5.4% 4.7%
Others Asia - Pacific 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.17 0.09 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.4% -4.1%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas
Argentina 1.68 3.47 11.12 10.63 11.07 9.49 6.63 7.03 7.98 13.5% 7.9%
Brazil 9.21 12.94 18.84 12.00 10.97 10.84 10.03 9.84 17.25 75.3% 2.6%
Canada 9.11 21.78 19.25 21.84 24.77 22.76 25.45 23.08 23.65 2.5% 0.8%
Chile 6.14 3.50 3.64 4.25 4.08 4.02 4.69 4.42 4.41 -0.3% 2.1%
Colombia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.34 0.26 -23.5%
Dominican Republic 0.24 0.79 1.11 1.02 1.22 1.19 1.31 1.40 1.76 25.7% 7.5%
Jamaica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.67 0.49 -27.8%
Mexico 8.94 14.70 35.09 41.35 41.53 51.37 47.71 61.43 64.93 5.7% 14.5%
Panama 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.80 0.43 0.41 -4.4%
United States 117.32 101.09 73.15 80.88 81.88 77.63 73.74 68.63 78.29 14.1% -2.3%
Uruguay 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.08 14.7% 0.6%
Venezuela 0.00 1.95 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -100.0%
Others Americas 0.65 0.75 1.53 1.69 1.28 1.66 1.90 1.90 1.90 0.0% 8.8%
(*)
Natural Gas - Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline and LNG 2021

EUROPE
Importers
North Macedonia
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Herzegovina
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Switzerland
Exporters
Lithuania
Denmark
Germany
Romania
Gibraltar
Moldova
Portugal
Slovenia
Slovakia
Hungary
Bulgaria
Belgium
Sweden
Norway
Belarus
Ukraine
Estonia
Finland
Croatia
Austria
Greece
Poland
Ireland
Bosnia
France
Turkey
Serbia
Latvia
Malta
Spain
Italy
Europe
Austria 0.06 0.86 0.07 0.33
Belgium 0.08 0.45 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.92
Bulgaria 0.69
Croatia 0.02
Czech Republic 0.03 0.41 0.48
Denmark 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.81
Estonia 0.59
Finland 0.24
France 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.05 1.80 0.39 0.02 0.10
Germany 0.11 2.50 0.22 0.01 4.55 3.27 0.06 2.77 0.52
Gibraltar 0.03
Greece 0.37 0.00
Hungary 0.33 0.00 0.14 0.63
Italy 0.00 0.13
Lithuania 0.03 0.06 0.01
Moldova 0.01
Netherlands 7.69 3.89 9.50 0.29 0.38 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.50 0.25 2.33
Norway 9.12 15.92 16.39 1.98 0.15 0.21 23.28 1.05 0.08 32.47
Portugal 0.32
Romania 0.02
Slovakia 0.21
Slovenia 0.21 0.01
Spain 0.82 0.09 0.11
Sweden 0.01
Turkey 0.37 0.00
Ukraine 0.36
United Kingdom 0.04 0.00 0.01 9.74 0.08
Russia and C. Asia

Russia 19.80 1.41 0.24 2.64 8.72 0.46 1.92 11.10 56.23 2.60 7.11 29.17 1.19 0.99 3.27 13.15 0.13 10.47 0.80 2.88 2.37 3.54 0.08 3.29 0.03 26.34 3.12
Azerbaijan 0.26 1.22 7.21 8.82
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Middle East
Iran 9.43
Oman 0.00
Qatar 2.43 0.17 0.57 0.43 6.86 0.15 2.37 2.33 0.30 5.69
United Arab Emirates
Africa
Algeria 0.09 4.47 0.48 22.46 0.10 0.08 15.83 5.99 0.75
Angola 0.08 0.21 0.37
Cameroon 0.08
Equatorial Guinea 0.09 0.09 0.79
Egypt 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.25 0.09 0.35 1.35
Libya 3.23
Nigeria 0.18 3.50 0.27 0.34 2.62 4.24 1.43 0.08
Asia-Pacific
Australia
Brunei
China
East Timor
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Papua New Guinea 0.01
Americas
Argentina
Bolivia
Canada
Mexico
Peru 0.37 0.08 0.83
Trinidad and Tobago 0.08 0.16 0.26 0.10 1.09 0.19 0.16
United States 0.18 0.96 3.12 1.14 1.12 0.93 0.13 3.94 1.60 1.88 5.32 0.00 4.74 0.49 3.63
Non-specified/Others 4.75 0.01 0.00 0.17 2.59 0.08 0.37 3.66 0.42 0.37 0.35 1.60 4.80
TOTAL BY COUNTRY 4.8 19.8 21.3 0.2 3.3 2.3 8.7 2.5 0.5 2.6 44.2 84.7 0.1 6.4 7.5 3.7 73.0 1.2 2.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 3.3 57.5 0.2 18.5 5.7 3.7 2.4 5.1 0.9 37.0 1.4 3.8 58.7 7.8 51.1
(*)
Data source: IEA (2022) Natural Gas Information. All rights reserved.
RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA MIDDLE EAST AFRICA ASIA - PACIFIC AMERICAS
TOTAL BY COUNTRY
Others Asia - Pacific
Dominican Republic
Others Americas
United States
South Africa
South Korea
Bangladesh
Kazakhstan
Hong Kong
Kyrgyzstan
Singapore
Argentina
Tajikistan
Colombia
Malaysia
Australia
Morocco
Pakistan
Thailand
Jamaica
Armenia
Panama
Uruguay
Georgia
Canada
Mexico
Tunisia
Taiwan
Jordan
Kuwait
Russia
Ghana
Japan
Oman
China
Benin
Brazil
Israel
Chile
Togo
India
Iraq
Iran
1.3
0.52 3.1
0.7
0.0
0.9
1.8
0.6
0.2
2.6
14.0
0.0
0.4
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.16 25.1
0.09 100.7
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
9.9
2.45 7.70 0.31 0.28 0.12 9.55 0.82 9.34 0.17 0.07 3.19 3.16 0.12 250.3
17.5
9.52 4.21 13.7
26.03 26.0
0.01 0.23 4.29 4.5
0.34 9.77 19.5

0.26 0.29 1.61 1.43 3.06 0.26 0.15 6.00 0.09 0.21 13.4
0.12 4.20 1.33 18.89 5.68 11.33 13.37 9.70 5.94 0.53 15.30 7.21 3.09 0.93 118.9
0.42 4.07 1.92 0.42 0.32 0.26 7.4
0.12 0.71 3.99 0.12 0.08 0.24 0.05 0.35 0.06 55.9
0.47 0.17 0.48 2.82 0.09 0.09 0.23 0.16 0.19 0.09 5.5
0.11 0.54 0.50 0.18 0.09 1.5
0.11 0.11 0.20 0.67 0.26 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.90 3.5
0.11 0.18 0.16 0.25 0.41 0.07 0.25 0.17 0.10 4.0
3.2
0.29 1.29 0.28 0.68 0.97 3.52 3.58 0.74 0.07 0.59 0.94 0.57 0.27 0.07 26.5
39.64 1.01 37.57 1.92 2.65 12.66 6.88 0.93 0.12 103.4
0.92 0.09 5.51 0.70 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.27 8.2
5.38 5.4
4.94 4.9
7.42 2.98 4.72 0.17 6.33 2.96 1.66 0.30 26.5
8.85 13.45 0.08 5.15 1.03 1.39 29.9
4.16 9.40 13.6
4.01 4.79 0.24 2.36 0.10 0.02 11.5
0.12 0.08 0.2

6.15 10.48 16.6
78.86 78.9
0.05 0.0
1.56 0.39 1.12 0.07 4.4
0.56 0.17 0.26 0.61 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.17 0.18 0.38 0.61 0.58 0.90 0.87 0.22 0.61 2.00 10.4
0.14 0.30 0.66 0.29 0.40 6.32 3.08 7.70 1.01 0.69 11.24 2.00 0.98 0.55 5.56 23.53 2.60 0.98 0.27 97.5
2.54 0.02 2.85 0.75 0.29 4.45 0.10 0.24 0.66 0.02 0.10 0.29 0.44 99.1
67.16
9.5 2.8 2.5 7.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 9.8 0.1 4.1 8.1 1.3 20.4 0.3 0.7 0.7 4.4 0.1 4.0 4.9 7.4 135.6 5.4 32.4 98.2 7.4 10.1 11.0 60.9 25.9 17.4 0.1 8.2 17.0 24.2 4.5 0.3 2.0 0.5 67.2 0.4 79.5 0.1 2.0 1247.5
Natural Gas - Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline 2021

EUROPE
Importers
Bosnia Herzegovina
North Macedonia
United Kingdom
Exporters
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Switzerland
Lithuania
Denmark
Germany
Romania
Moldova
Portugal
Slovenia
Slovakia
Hungary
Bulgaria
Belgium
Sweden
Belarus
Ukraine
Estonia
Finland
Croatia
Austria
Greece
Poland
Ireland
France
Turkey
Serbia
Latvia
Spain
Italy
Europe
Austria 0.06 0.86 0.33
Belgium 0.45 0.09 0.00 1.83
Bulgaria 0.69
Croatia 0.02
Czech Republic 0.03 0.41 0.48
Denmark 0.00 1.02 0.81
Estonia 0.59
France 0.16 0.03 0.05 1.70 0.39 0.02
Germany 0.11 2.50 0.22 0.01 4.55 3.27 2.77 0.52
Greece 0.37 0.00
Hungary 0.33 0.00 0.14 0.63
Italy 0.00 0.13
Netherlands 7.69 3.89 9.50 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.25 2.33
Norway 9.12 15.92 16.39 1.98 0.21 23.28 1.05 32.47
Moldova 0.01
Portugal 0.32
Romania 0.02
Slovakia 0.21
Slovenia 0.21 0.01
Spain 0.82
Turkey 0.37
Ukraine 0.36
United Kingdom 0.04 0.00 0.01 8.84 0.08
Russia and C. Asia

Azerbaijan 0.26 1.22 7.21 8.82
Kazakhstan
Russia 19.80 0.24 2.64 8.72 0.46 1.76 7.03 56.23 2.60 7.11 29.17 1.18 0.99 3.27 9.47 10.39 2.88 2.37 3.54 0.08 26.34
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Middle East
Iran 9.43
Qatar
Africa
Algeria 21.17 0.08 13.75
Libya 3.23
Nigeria
Asia-Pacific
China
East Timor
Indonesia
Myanmar
Americas
Argentina
Bolivia
Canada
Mexico
United States 0.49
Non-specified/Others 4.75 0.01 0.00 2.59 0.37 3.66 0.42 0.35 1.60 4.80
TOTAL BY COUNTRY 4.8 17.1 19.8 0.2 3.3 0.6 8.7 2.5 0.5 2.3 28.3 84.7 4.2 7.5 3.7 63.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.4 3.3 47.2 14.4 0.4 3.7 2.4 5.1 0.9 16.8 0.8 3.8 44.6 7.8 36.6
(*)
RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA MIDDLE EAST AFRICA ASIA - PACIFIC AMERICAS
TOTAL BY COUNTRY
Others Asia - Pacific
United States
South Africa
Kazakhstan
Hong Kong
Kyrgyzstan
Singapore
Argentina
Tajikistan
Malaysia
Australia
Morocco
Thailand
Armenia
Uruguay
Georgia
Canada
Mexico
Tunisia
Ghana
Russia
Oman
China
Benin
Brazil
Togo
Iraq
Iran
1.3
2.4
0.7
0.0
0.9
1.8
0.6
2.4
14.0
0.4
1.1
0.1
24.8
100.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.4
9.0
17.5
9.52 4.21 13.7
2.45 7.70 0.31 2.69 209.4
26.03 26.0
0.01 0.23 4.29 4.5
0.34 9.77 19.5

1.33 18.89 20.2
0.71 3.99 39.7

3.2
0.68 0.7
5.38 5.4
4.94 4.9
4.72 6.08 10.8
4.16 9.40 13.6
0.08 0.1
6.15 10.48 16.6
78.85 78.9
0.05 0.0
23.48 24.0
2.54 0.02 0.29 4.45 0.10 0.10 62.34 88.4
9.5 2.8 2.5 7.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 9.8 1.3 18.9 0.3 0.7 0.7 4.4 0.1 4.0 4.9 41.4 5.4 4.7 6.1 9.4 0.1 6.2 10.5 23.5 62.3 78.9 0.1 759.4
Natural Gas - Imports by Country of Origin - LNG 2021

EUROPE MIDDLE EAST

Importers
United Kingdom
Others Europe
Netherlands
Exporters
Lithuania
Denmark
Gibraltar
Portugal
Belgium
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Croatia
Greece
Jordan
Poland
Kuwait
France
Turkey
Malta
Spain
Israel
Italy
Europe
Belgium 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09
France 0.08 0.00 0.09 0.10
Finland 0.24
Germany 0.06
Gibraltar 0.03
Lithuania 0.06 0.01 0.03
Netherlands 0.02 0.01 0.12
Norway 0.15 0.08
Spain 0.09 0.11
Sweden 0.01
United Kingdom 0.90
Russia and C. Asia

Russia 1.41 4.08 0.16 3.69 0.13 0.08 0.80 3.29 0.03 3.12 0.01 0.28
Middle East
Oman 0.00 0.26 0.29
Qatar 2.43 0.17 0.57 0.43 6.86 0.15 2.37 2.33 0.30 5.69 0.12 4.20
Africa
Algeria 0.09 4.47 0.48 1.29 0.10 2.08 5.99 0.75 0.12
Angola 0.08 0.21 0.37 0.47 0.17
Cameroon 0.08 0.11
Egypt 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.25 0.09 0.35 1.35 0.11
Equatorial Guinea 0.09 0.09 0.79 0.11
Nigeria 0.18 3.50 0.27 0.34 2.62 4.24 1.43 0.08 0.29 1.29 0.28
Asia-Pacific
Australia
Brunei
Indonesia
Malaysia
Papua New Guinea 0.01
Americas
Argentina
Canada
Peru 0.37 0.08 0.83
United States 0.18 0.96 3.12 1.14 1.12 0.93 0.13 3.94 1.60 1.88 5.32 0.00 4.74 3.63 0.14 0.30 0.66 0.29
Non-specified/Others 0.00 0.17 0.08 0.37 0.00 0.07 2.85 0.75
TOTAL BY COUNTRY 4.2 1.7 0.0 15.9 0.2 0.1 2.2 9.9 1.4 0.4 10.3 0.2 4.1 5.3 20.2 0.5 14.1 14.4 0.0 0.1 4.1 8.1 1.5
(*)
ASIA - PACIFIC AMERICAS
TOTAL BY COUNTRY
Dominican Republic
Others Americas
United States
South Korea
Bangladesh
Singapore
Argentina
Colombia
Malaysia
Pakistan
Thailand
Jamaica
Panama
Canada
Mexico
Taiwan
Japan
China
Brazil
Chile
India
0.52 0.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.16 0.3
0.09 0.3
0.2
0.0
0.9
0.12 6.86 0.82 9.34 0.17 0.07 3.19 3.16 0.12 40.9
1.61 1.43 3.06 0.26 0.15 6.00 0.09 0.21 13.4

5.68 11.33 13.37 9.70 5.94 0.53 15.30 7.21 3.09 0.93 98.7
0.42 4.07 1.92 0.42 0.32 0.26 7.4
0.12 0.08 0.24 0.05 0.35 0.06 16.3

0.48 2.82 0.09 0.09 0.23 0.16 0.19 0.09 5.5
0.54 0.50 0.18 0.09 1.5
0.18 0.16 0.25 0.41 0.07 0.25 0.17 0.10 4.0
0.11 0.20 0.67 0.26 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.90 3.5
0.97 3.52 3.58 0.74 0.07 0.59 0.94 0.57 0.27 0.07 25.8
39.64 1.01 37.57 1.92 2.65 12.66 6.88 0.93 0.12 103.4
0.92 0.09 5.51 0.70 0.07 0.26 0.36 0.27 8.2
7.42 2.98 0.17 0.25 2.96 1.66 0.30 15.7
8.85 13.45 0.08 5.15 1.03 1.39 29.9
4.01 4.79 0.24 2.36 0.10 0.02 11.5
0.12 0.1
0.01 0.0
1.56 0.39 1.12 0.07 4.4
0.26 0.61 0.15 0.08 0.06 0.17 0.18 0.38 0.61 0.58 0.90 0.87 0.22 0.61 2.00 10.4
0.40 6.32 3.08 7.70 1.01 0.69 11.24 2.00 0.98 0.55 5.56 0.05 2.60 0.98 0.27 73.5
0.24 0.66 0.02 0.29 4.82 0.44 10.8
7.4 94.2 32.4 98.2 2.7 10.1 4.9 60.9 25.9 8.0 2.0 6.5 0.7 4.5 0.3 2.0 0.5 4.8 0.4 0.6 2.0 488.1
Traded Gas
Traded Gas by LNG/ Traded Gas by Pipeline/ Total Traded Gas/ Traded Gas by LNG/ Traded Gas by Pipeline/
Total Traded Gas Total Traded Gas Production Production Production
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
2000 22 78 27 6 21
2005 23 77 31 7 24
2010 31 69 31 10 22
2011 32 68 32 10 22
2012 31 69 31 10 22
2013 30 70 31 9 22
2014 32 68 29 9 20
2015 31 69 30 9 21
2016 31 69 31 10 21
2017 32 68 33 11 22
2018 34 66 31 11 20
2019 38 62 31 12 19
2020 40 60 31 13 19
2021 39 61 31 12 19
Total Traded Gas on Production

(percentage)
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
% Total Traded Gas/Production % Traded Gas by LNG/Production
LNG - Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity
Liquefaction Capacity - Countries (*)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
Norway 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

Russia and Central Asia 13.0 15.0 15.0 15.7 26.3 38.2 38.3 39.1
Russia 13.0 15.0 15.0 15.7 26.3 38.2 38.3 39.1

Middle East 47.5 113.2 136.5 136.5 136.5 136.5 136.5 136.5 137.0
Oman 10.1 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.7
Qatar 29.8 83.4 105.6 105.6 105.6 105.6 105.6 105.6 105.7
Yemen 8.0 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1

Africa 55.0 82.3 85.5 85.5 85.5 87.5 88.8 84.7 90.9
Algeria 28.1 27.9 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 28.9 28.9
Angola 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
Cameroon 2.0 3.3 3.3 3.2
Egypt 11.1 16.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 16.0
Equatorial Guinea 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
Libya 2.2 2.2
Nigeria 13.6 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1

Asia - Pacific 92.4 114.1 126.8 155.4 180.7 195.0 209.6 211.6 213.3
Australia 16.1 28.2 45.1 70.5 91.0 104.0 121.3 123.4 123.4
Brunei 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
Indonesia 35.7 42.6 27.0 28.9 28.9 28.9 25.2 25.2 25.2
Malaysia 30.8 33.7 34.9 36.2 41.0 41.4 41.4 41.4 43.1
Papua New Guinea 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.9 11.9 11.9 11.9

Americas 15.6 26.0 28.7 36.8 51.1 62.1 86.2 123.3 128.8
Argentina 0.4 0.5

Peru 3.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
United States 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.1 24.4 35.4 59.1 96.1 106.5

World 210.5 354.2 398.1 434.8 475.1 512.9 564.7 600.1 614.6
(*)
Nominal Capacity. Data source: Wood Mackenzie LNG Tool .
LNG - Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity
Regasification Capacity - Countries (*)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Europe 73.5 177.0 202.8 215.3 227.6 238.8 249.3 251.8 252.6
Belgium 4.5 10.9 10.9 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
Croatia 2.6
Finland 0.3 0.5 0.5
France 15.7 25.7 23.1 29.5 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.4 36.0
Greece 1.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 7.0 7.6 7.6
Italy 3.5 11.5 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.3 15.4
Lithuania 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Malta 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Netherlands 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
Poland 0.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Portugal 5.6 5.6 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Spain 34.2 62.4 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6
Turkey 6.3 12.3 12.3 12.5 17.5 28.7 37.2 38.7 37.2
United Kingdom 2.3 43.2 47.9 48.9 48.9 48.9 48.9 48.9 48.9

Russia and Central Asia 3.6 3.7 3.7
Russia 3.6 3.7 3.7

Middle East 5.5 18.5 27.6 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 34.7
Bahrain 0.1
Israel 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Jordan 4.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4
Kuwait 5.2 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 10.6
United Arab Emirates 0.3 4.7 10.9 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0

Africa 4.8 10.3 10.3 9.3 5.2 5.2 5.2
Egypt 4.8 10.3 10.3 9.3 5.2 5.2 5.2

Senegal 0.1

Asia - Pacific 346.2 428.7 565.0 587.3 620.6 657.2 680.4 702.9 741.5
Bangladesh 3.9 8.7 10.3 10.3

China 17.5 61.9 69.9 82.3 92.0 100.2 111.3 133.0
India 9.4 18.4 34.1 36.3 41.5 41.8 48.2 57.2 62.4
Indonesia 11.3 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 15.0
Japan 243.3 258.6 283.2 288.1 290.4 294.5 294.6 294.6 298.9
Malaysia 5.2 5.2 6.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Myanmar 0.7 1.4
Philippines 2.1
Pakistan 5.4 7.1 7.7 13.3 13.3 13.3 14.1
Singapore 8.2 8.2 8.2 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1
South Korea 82.8 115.1 128.0 130.4 136.2 136.5 136.7 136.7 138.0
Taiwan 10.7 19.1 21.0 22.8 22.8 24.0 25.5 25.5 25.5
Thailand 6.8 6.8 13.1 13.7 15.7 15.7 15.7

Americas 34.5 188.9 243.7 244.9 249.0 251.3 255.1 264.5 275.7
Argentina 4.1 11.3 11.3 11.3 10.4 8.3 8.3 11.4

Brazil 7.7 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.9 16.8 25.1 32.8
Canada 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
Chile 5.3 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Colombia 0.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1
Dominican Republic 2.6 2.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Jamaica 0.4 1.0 3.4 5.8 5.8 5.8
Mexico 15.5 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.9
Panama 0.8 2.4 2.4 2.4
United States (**) 31.9 143.4 175.3 175.3 175.3 175.3 175.4 176.5 176.7

World 454.1 800.1 1,034.7 1,085.5 1,138.2 1,187.2 1,224.2 1,258.8 1,313.3
(*)
Data source: Wood Mackenzie LNG Tool.
(**)
The United States includes Puerto Rico.
Natural Gas Balance - Italy (*)
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Production 12.1 8.4 6.8 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.1 3.3
Imports 73.5 75.4 61.3 65.3 69.7 67.9 71.1 66.4 73.0
Exports -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.5
Stock Changes 1.1 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -1.1 1.1 1.6

Total Primary Energy Supply 86.3 83.1 67.5 70.9 75.2 72.7 74.5 71.3 76.4
2021
80
60
40
Imports 2021(**)
Russia
20
29.2
Netherlands,
0 Norway and
Production + Import - Export
+ Stock = Total Primary Others
Changes Energy Supply 8.2
3.3 73.0 -1.5 1.6 76.4
6.9 Qatar 6.9
Others 3.0
22.5
Imports by LNG 3.2
Algeria Lybia
Imports by pipeline
Data source: Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition. Gas volumes are quoted in Italian calorific value of 38.1 MJ/cm.
(*)
(**)
Data source: Eni’s elaborations on Italian Ministry for Ecological Transition data.
Natural Gas Prices
Natural Gas Prices

($/Mbtu)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
TTF 6.1 6.7 6.4 4.5 5.8 7.9 4.5 3.2 15.9 402.5% 8.1%
Henry Hub 8.7 4.4 2.6 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.0 3.9 91.7% -1.0%
Japan 7.7 7.9 6.2 7.6 10.2 5.9 4.7 18.8 296.8% 8.4%
TTF Henry Hub

($/Mbtu) ($/Mbtu)
18 9
14 7
10 5
6 3
2 1
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Japan(*) 20
($/Mbtu)
20
16
12
4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
(*)
Data source: Woodmackenzie and EIA DOE.
Renewables
SOLAR RESOURCES MAP
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CAPACITY

The World Top 10
Countries
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION

The World Top 10
Countries
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER CAPACITY

The World Top 10
Countries
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER GENERATION

The World Top 5
Countries
WIND RESOURCES MAP
WIND POWER CAPACITY

The World Top 10
Countries
WIND POWER GENERATION

The World Top 10
Countries
BIOFUELS PRODUCTION
Solar Resources Map (Global Horizontal Irradiance)(*)

(W/m2/day)
Global annual average

global horizontal
irradiation
0 KWh/m2
341
683
1,024
1,365
1,706
2,048
2,389 2,000 Km
2,730
Solar Power Capacity Solar Power Generation

(GW) (TWh)
900 900
750 750
600 600
450 450
300 300
150 150
0 0
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Solar PV Concentrated Solar Power Solar PV Concentrated Solar Power
Capacity Factor Share of Solar on Total Power Generation

(hours per year - world average)
3.5%
2,500 3.0%
2.5%
2,000
2.0%
1,500 1.5%
1.0%
1,000
0.5%
500 0.0%
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Solar PV Concentrated Solar Power
(*)
IRENA: Global Atlas, Map data: VAISALA, 2022.
RENEWABLES 181
Solar Photovoltaic Power Capacity

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 2,318 30,125 97,542 104,692 113,406 124,347 145,958 167,102 192,854 15.4% 18.4%
Russia and Central Asia 0 2 211 262 435 1,081 2,513 3,281 4,822 47.0% 107.4%
Middle East 1 85 970 1,476 2,111 3,254 5,733 6,786 7,903 16.5% 51.0%
Africa 26 194 1,931 2,988 4,711 7,211 8,417 9,708 10,308 6.2% 43.5%
Asia - Pacific 1,659 6,625 96,157 146,799 218,843 284,142 344,157 425,975 505,332 18.6% 48.3%
Americas 544 3,308 26,393 39,012 50,698 62,956 77,845 97,849 127,185 30.0% 39.3%
- North America 511 3,158 24,203 35,623 44,289 52,907 62,395 77,156 97,343 26.2% 36.6%
- Central South America 33 150 2,190 3,389 6,409 10,049 15,450 20,693 29,842 44.2% 61.8%

World 4,548 40,338 223,204 295,229 390,204 482,990 584,623 710,700 848,404 19.4% 31.9%

European Union 27 2,268 29,883 85,387 89,193 93,926 101,746 117,916 136,137 159,079 16.9% 16.4%

MENA 14 119 1,087 1,798 2,747 4,683 8,062 9,159 10,317 12.6% 50.0%

OECD 4,332 38,703 163,673 192,537 220,344 251,236 296,459 346,693 407,763 17.6% 23.9%
NON OECD 216 1,635 59,530 102,692 169,859 231,754 288,164 364,007 440,642 21.1% 66.3%

OPEC 2 28 197 437 986 1,366 2,780 3,008 3,886 29.2% 56.8%
NON OPEC 4,546 40,310 223,007 294,792 389,217 481,624 581,843 707,693 844,518 19.3% 31.9%
(*)
Data source: Eni’s calculations on IRENA (2022), Renewable Energy Statistics 2022, The International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi data.
World Solar Photovoltaic Power Capacity (2021)

848,404 MW
1% MIDDLE EAST
1% AFRICA
11% NORTH AMERICA
23% EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC 59%
World Solar Photovoltaic Power Capacity Growth (2005-2021)

843,856 MW
2005-2010 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000
2010-2015 RUSSIA and C. ASIA
2015-2021 MIDDLE EAST
AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC
RENEWABLES 183
The World Top 10(*)

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
China 141 1,022 43,538 77,788 130,801 175,016 204,575 253,418 306,403 20.9% 67.9%
United States 493 2,909 21,684 32,958 41,357 49,812 59,068 73,814 93,713 27.0% 37.1%
Japan 1,422 3,618 34,150 42,040 49,500 56,162 63,192 69,764 74,191 6.3% 31.6%
Germany 2,056 18,004 39,222 40,677 42,291 45,156 48,912 53,719 58,726 9.3% 11.3%
India 12 65 5,365 9,651 17,923 27,125 34,861 39,043 49,342 26.4% 82.7%
Australia 52 1,088 5,943 6,686 7,352 8,623 12,967 17,983 22,867 27.2% 31.9%
Italy 34 3,592 18,901 19,283 19,682 20,108 20,865 21,650 22,692 4.8% 18.2%
South Korea 14 650 3,615 4,502 5,835 8,099 11,952 14,575 18,161 24.6% 35.4%
Vietnam 2 5 5 5 8 105 4,993 16,660 16,660 0.0% 111.0%
France 13 1,044 7,138 7,702 8,610 9,672 10,808 12,022 14,709 22.4% 27.2%

The World Top 10 4,239 31,997 179,561 241,292 323,360 399,877 472,193 572,648 677,464 18.3% 32.0%

Rest of the World 309 8,341 43,643 53,937 66,843 83,113 112,430 138,052 170,941 23.8% 31.6%

World 4,548 40,338 223,204 295,229 390,204 482,990 584,623 710,700 848,404 19.4% 31.9%

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ta
or
y
a
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an
hK
ali
e
na
ina
nc
rm
str
ite
pa
ia
ut
ly
et
Fra
Ind
Ge
Au
Ch
Un
So
Ita
Ja
Vi
Share of World
5.8% 6.9% 8.7% 11.0% 36.1%
1.7% 2.0% 2.1% 2.7% 2.7%
(*)
Data source: IRENA (2022), Renewable Energy Statistics 2022, The International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 2,318 30,125 97,542 104,692 113,406 124,347 145,958 167,102 192,854 15.4% 18.4%
Albania 0 0 1 1 1 1 14 21 26 24.3% 46.2%

Austria 21 89 937 1,096 1,269 1,455 1,702 2,043 2,692 31.8% 36.4%
Belarus 6 47 80 154 154 160 160 0.0%
Belgium 2 1,007 3,132 3,329 3,621 4,000 4,637 5,575 6,425 15.2% 18.4%
Bosnia Herzegovina 0 0 8 14 16 18 22 35 57 62.0% 61.0%
Bulgaria 25 1,029 1,028 1,036 1,033 1,048 1,097 1,186 8.1% 42.0%
Croatia 0 48 56 60 68 85 109 109 0.0% 70.8%
Cyprus 1 7 76 84 110 118 151 229 316 37.9% 41.4%
Czech Republic 1 1,727 2,075 2,068 2,070 2,075 2,086 2,123 2,119 -0.2% 1.9%
Denmark 3 7 782 851 906 998 1,080 1,304 1,540 18.1% 63.3%
Estonia 0 7 10 15 32 121 208 414 99.2% 113.2%
Finland 4 7 17 39 82 140 222 318 404 27.0% 44.6%
France 13 1,044 7,138 7,702 8,610 9,672 10,808 12,022 14,709 22.4% 27.2%
Germany 2,056 18,004 39,222 40,677 42,291 45,156 48,912 53,719 58,726 9.3% 11.3%
Greece 1 202 2,604 2,604 2,606 2,652 2,834 3,288 3,530 7.4% 29.7%
Hungary 2 172 235 344 728 1,400 2,131 2,131 0.0% 88.5%
Iceland 3 4 4 5 7 7 7 0.0%
Ireland 1 2 6 17 32 58 93 136 46.8% 61.6%
Italy 34 3,592 18,901 19,283 19,682 20,108 20,865 21,650 22,692 4.8% 18.2%
Kosovo 0 2 7 7 10 10 10 0.0%
Latvia 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 58.8%
Lithuania 0 69 70 74 82 103 164 254 54.9% 104.0%
Luxembourg 24 29 116 122 128 131 160 187 209 11.8% 19.5%
Malta 0 1 75 94 112 132 155 188 196 4.3% 64.9%
Moldova 1 2 2 3 5 4 8 97.2%
Montenegro 1 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 7.9% 24.5%
Netherlands 51 90 1,526 2,135 2,911 4,608 7,226 10,950 14,249 30.1% 58.5%
North Macedonia 0 17 17 17 21 26 94 94 0.0% 129.8%
Norway 7 9 15 27 45 68 120 160 225 40.7% 33.8%
Poland 108 187 287 562 1,539 3,955 7,665 93.8%
Portugal 2 134 447 513 579 667 901 1,100 1,801 63.7% 26.6%
Romania 0 1,326 1,372 1,374 1,386 1,398 1,383 1,398 1.1% 138.2%
Serbia 1 3 16 17 18 21 23 31 52 69.9% 28.4%
Slovakia 19 533 533 528 472 590 535 536 0.2% 35.5%
Slovenia 0 12 238 233 247 247 278 370 376 1.6% 36.8%
Spain 52 3,873 4,704 4,713 4,723 4,764 8,839 10,285 13,648 32.7% 12.1%
Sweden 4 11 104 153 244 428 714 1,107 1,610 45.5% 57.4%
Switzerland 28 125 1,394 1,664 1,906 2,173 2,498 2,973 3,449 16.0% 35.2%
Türkiye 2 6 249 833 3,421 5,063 5,995 6,667 7,816 17.2% 92.8%
Ukraine 3 841 955 1,200 2,003 5,936 7,331 8,062 10.0% 108.4%
United Kingdom 11 95 9,601 11,914 12,760 13,059 13,224 13,462 13,799 2.5% 57.2%
Others Europe 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 28.2%
(*)
RENEWABLES 185
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia and Central Asia 0 2 211 262 435 1,081 2,513 3,281 4,822 47.0% 107.4%
Russia 0 61 76 225 535 1,276 1,428 1,661 16.3% 198.2%

Armenia 1 2 17 50 95 183 92.4%
Azerbaijan 0 5 25 28 35 33 35 40 14.2% 56.1%
Georgia 0 0 0 1 1 1 0.0%
Kazakhstan 0 1 144 157 175 490 1,150 1,719 2,834 64.9% 101.6%
Uzbekistan 1 2 3 4 4 4 104 2857.1%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 1 85 970 1,476 2,111 3,254 5,733 6,786 7,903 16.5% 51.0%
Bahrain 0 5 6 6 6 9 10 11 16.1% 106.0%

Iran 0 0 9 43 184 286 346 430 456 6.1% 90.1%
Iraq 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 0.0%
Israel 1 70 766 874 982 1,285 1,807 2,230 2,313 3.7% 37.5%
Jordan 0 0 6 287 397 700 1,186 1,448 1,521 5.0% 185.2%
Kuwait 3 31 32 43 43 43 43 0.0%
Lebanon 0 9 22 35 58 79 79 79 0.0% 64.4%
Oman 2 2 8 8 9 112 138 23.3%
Qatar 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.0%
Saudi Arabia 0 2 24 24 34 34 59 59 389 555.7% 59.1%
Syria 0 1 2 2 2 0.0%
United Arab Emirates 11 33 40 255 498 1,818 1,961 2,478 26.4% 63.9%
Yemen 1 60 80 100 250 250 253 253 0.0% 65.3%
Others Middle East 12 25 35 40 82 117 178 51.6%
(*) Data source: IRENA (2022), Renewable Energy Statistics 2022, The International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 26 194 1,931 2,988 4,711 7,211 8,417 9,708 10,308 6.2% 43.5%
Algeria 49 219 400 423 423 423 423 0.0%

Angola 1 7 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 0.0% 5.9%
Benin 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0%
Cameroon 0 1 7 9 12 14 14 14 14 0.9% 27.5%
Chad 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.0% 70.9%
Congo 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
Côte d’Ivoire 0 2 5 5 8 13 13 13 13 0.0% 21.4%
Dem. Rep. Congo 1 3 5 20 20 20 20 0.0%
Egypt 1 15 16 39 160 744 1,627 1,655 1,656 0.0% 53.4%
Equatorial Guinea 0
Ethiopia 0 10 14 12 12 12 20 21 5.0% 82.7%
Gabon 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
Ghana 31 38 47 78 85 108 108 0.0%
Kenya 0 0 30 31 38 105 106 106 147 38.7% 82.5%
Libya 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 23.9% 5.0%
Madagascar 0 2 9 11 13 33 33 33 33 0.0% 32.4%
Mauritania 18 35 35 87 88 88 88 0.0%
Morocco 10 14 20 22 24 194 194 194 234 20.8% 29.6%
Mozambique 10 13 15 55 55 55 55 0.0%
Namibia 2 4 21 36 75 93 145 145 145 0.0% 38.0%
Niger 1 2 7 8 9 27 27 27 27 0.0% 26.2%
Nigeria 17 18 19 19 28 28 33 14.9%
Rwanda 0 14 19 28 38 38 38 38 0.0% 57.7%
Senegal 2 3 9 42 107 148 171 171 238 38.9% 47.6%
Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 0.9% 41.9%
Somalia 0 5 7 7 7 16 24 51.5%
South Africa 2 1,252 1,974 3,147 4,401 4,405 5,490 5,721 4.2% 106.6%
South Sudan 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 53.1%
Sudan 0 2 20 26 36 59 80 117 136 16.0% 45.1%
Tanzania 0 13 19 22 26 24 24 24 0.0% 82.8%
Tunisia 1 2 28 38 47 64 80 95 95 0.0% 43.3%
Uganda 3 15 22 24 44 67 77 87 92 5.1% 18.0%
Zambia 0 0 0 1 96 96 96 0.0%
Zimbabwe 0 4 5 6 11 16 18 30 64.2% 139.7%
Others Africa 4 118 296 311 368 443 523 597 768 28.6% 18.6%
(*)
RENEWABLES 187
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 1,659 6,625 96,157 146,799 218,843 284,142 344,157 425,975 505,332 18.6% 48.3%
Afghanistan 0 19 20 22 22 31 31 31 0.0% 68.0%

Australia 52 1,088 5,943 6,686 7,352 8,623 12,967 17,983 22,867 27.2% 31.9%
Bangladesh 2 32 145 161 185 201 239 284 329 15.9% 23.5%
Brunei 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 242.7% 13.4%
China 141 1,022 43,538 77,788 130,801 175,016 204,575 253,418 306,403 20.9% 67.9%
East Timor 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -0.9% 20.4%
Hong Kong 1 1 89 91 95 4.8%
India 12 65 5,365 9,651 17,923 27,125 34,861 39,043 49,342 26.4% 82.7%
Indonesia 1 15 79 88 98 65 155 185 211 14.1% 27.5%
Japan 1,422 3,618 34,150 42,040 49,500 56,162 63,192 69,764 74,191 6.3% 31.6%
Malaysia 1 266 344 394 545 894 1,483 1,787 20.5% 108.8%
Mongolia 0 5 5 15 48 64 89 95 95 0.2% 31.7%
Myanmar 0 21 32 44 48 88 84 80 -4.8% 62.0%
Nepal 2 4 13 14 54 52 51 67 93 39.3% 32.3%
New Zealand 3 37 53 70 91 117 144 148 3.0% 42.6%
North Korea 0 1 23 32 35 38 42 42 52 23.9% 43.8%
Pakistan 9 266 590 655 679 763 860 1,083 25.9% 54.2%
Papua New Guinea 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 0.0% 21.9%
Philippines 2 2 173 784 908 917 982 1,058 1,370 29.5% 80.9%
Singapore 3 46 97 116 161 276 336 433 28.9% 57.1%
South Korea 14 650 3,615 4,502 5,835 8,099 11,952 14,575 18,161 24.6% 35.4%
Sri Lanka 4 7 31 63 131 185 285 371 434 17.1% 45.6%
Taiwan 1 35 884 1,245 1,768 2,738 4,150 5,817 7,700 32.4% 63.5%
Thailand 49 1,420 2,446 2,697 2,962 2,983 2,983 3,044 2.0% 45.7%
Vietnam 2 5 5 5 8 105 4,993 16,660 16,660 0.0% 111.0%
(*)
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 544 3,308 26,393 39,012 50,698 62,956 77,845 97,849 127,185 30.0% 39.3%
Argentina 0 0 9 9 9 191 442 764 1,071 40.2% 162.7%

Barbados 0 1 9 20 21 22 35 50 50 0.0% 42.7%
Belize 0 1 4 4 4 4 6 7 7 0.0% 23.1%
Bolivia 1 3 6 6 8 70 120 120 170 41.6% 44.5%
Brazil 1 1 46 128 1,207 2,435 4,613 7,879 13,055 65.7% 140.1%
Canada 18 249 2,519 2,665 2,932 3,095 3,327 3,342 3,630 8.6% 27.6%
Chile 576 1,125 1,809 2,137 2,654 3,205 4,360 36.0%
Colombia 1 1 1 2 11 13 26 86 184 115.2% 57.2%
Costa Rica 3 6 22 24 28 28 48 57 74 29.8% 25.2%
Cuba 24 37 65 128 159 217 246 13.4%
Curacao 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 0.0%
Dominican Republic 25 73 106 205 315 386 490 27.0%
Ecuador 0 0 26 26 26 27 28 28 28 0.1% 93.0%
El Salvador 0 0 24 25 121 198 403 478 478 0.0% 132.8%
Guatemala 0 1 93 93 99 101 101 101 101 0.5% 59.4%
Guyana 0 0 2 2 3 6 8 8 8 0.0% 42.3%
Haiti 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% 15.0%
Honduras 3 4 393 414 454 514 514 514 514 0.0% 56.5%
Jamaica 0 1 7 28 56 56 93 93 93 0.0% 50.9%
Mexico 16 30 287 633 1,126 2,541 4,426 5,149 7,026 36.5% 64.3%
Nicaragua 1 1 14 14 16 16 16 0.0%
Panama 1 2 49 93 147 210 222 242 465 92.1% 65.1%
Paraguay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% 44.4%
Peru 5 13 135 146 298 324 335 335 336 0.4% 34.9%
Suriname 0 6 7 8 9 9 9 9 0.0% 45.4%
Trinidad and Tobago 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0.0% 2.1%
United States 493 2,909 21,684 32,958 41,357 49,812 59,068 73,814 93,713 27.0% 37.1%
Uruguay 0 6 10 243 248 254 258 258 0.0% 97.7%
Venezuela 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 0.0% 10.4%
Others Americas 1 81 420 464 526 546 599 666 778 16.7% 22.8%
(*)
RENEWABLES 189
Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 1,488 22,598 104,631 108,808 118,967 131,914 145,338 172,251 18.5% 22.5%
Russia and Central Asia 459 634 758 1,162 2,215 3,696 66.9%
Middle East 94 1,412 2,326 3,383 5,138 9,643 13,715 87.7% 67.3%
Africa 20 347 2,589 3,777 5,224 6,988 10,776 11,581 54.2% 46.5%
Asia - Pacific 1,620 5,625 98,039 149,534 223,452 309,283 391,160 467,224 26.5% 60.2%
Americas 563 3,406 37,717 55,862 79,600 99,218 123,924 155,317 24.9% 49.1%
- North America 541 3,318 34,986 50,663 71,285 85,351 98,359 120,748 151,415 25.4% 41.5%
- Central South America 22 88 2,731 5,199 8,315 13,867 25,565 34,569 35.2% 81.7%

World 3,691 32,070 244,847 320,941 431,384 553,703 683,056 823,784 20.6% 38.3%

European Union 27 1,459 22,464 95,264 95,456 102,048 108,160 118,100 139,242 157,815 13.3% 19.4%

MENA 2 307 1,712 3,111 4,634 7,656 15,396 19,617 27.4% 51.5%

OECD 3,558 30,708 181,910 217,146 262,486 302,426 350,337 421,937 502,123 19.0% 28.9%
NON OECD 133 1,362 62,937 103,795 168,898 251,277 332,719 401,847 20.8% 76.6%

OPEC 2 29 259 296 1,316 2,252 5,093 7,317 43.7% 73.9%
NON OPEC 3,689 32,041 244,588 320,645 430,068 551,451 677,963 816,467 20.4% 38.2%
(*)
(**)
When 2021 data is missing, the figure refers to the latest available years.
World Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation (2020)

823,784 GWh
1% AFRICA
2% MIDDLE EAST
15% NORTH AMERICA
21% EUROPE
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC 57%
World Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Growth (2005-2021)

820,093 MW
2005-2010 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000
2015-2021 AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC
RENEWABLES 191
The World Top 10(*)

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
China 84 699 39,500 66,500 117,800 176,900 224,300 260,500 339,204 30.2% 75.5%
United States 524 3,063 32,091 46,633 67,393 81,244 93,944 115,902 146,249 26.2% 42.1%
Japan 1,421 3,543 34,803 45,761 55,069 62,668 69,382 79,087 88,701 12.2% 34.0%
India 3 126 10,420 18,778 26,035 39,728 50,614 61,291 71,915 17.3% 78.1%
Germany 1,282 11,729 38,726 38,098 39,401 43,459 44,383 48,641 49,992 2.8% 14.1%
Australia 78 386 5,019 6,205 8,069 9,926 14,845 21,030 27,713 31.8% 47.5%
Italy 31 1,906 22,942 22,104 24,378 22,654 23,689 24,942 25,039 0.4% 26.4%
South Korea 15 772 3,975 5,123 7,056 9,208 12,996 17,967 23,591 31.3% 36.5%
Spain 48 6,425 8,266 8,064 8,514 7,877 9,420 15,675 21,584 37.7% 11.6%
Brazil 59 85 832 3,461 6,655 10,750 16,752 55.8%

The World Top 10 3,486 28,649 195,801 257,351 354,547 457,125 550,228 655,785 810,740 23.6% 35.5%

Rest of the World 205 3,421 49,046 63,590 76,837 96,578 132,828 167,999 26.5% 47.6%

World 3,691 32,070 244,847 320,941 431,384 553,703 683,056 823,784 20.6% 38.3%
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GWh
16,752 49,992 71,915 88,701 146,249 339,204
21,584 23,591 25,039 27,713
(*)
Data source: IEA (2022) Extended Balances. All rights reserved.
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 1,488 22,598 104,631 108,808 118,967 131,914 145,338 172,251 18.5% 22.5%
Albania 1 1 22 32 71 121.9%
Austria 21 89 937 1,096 1,269 1,455 1,702 2,043 2,809 37.5% 36.9%
Belarus 8 28 89 177 181 176 -2.8%
Belgium 1 560 3,056 3,095 3,308 3,903 4,252 5,105 5,608 9.9% 23.3%
Bosnia Herzegovina 24 21 21 30 45 74 64.4%
Bulgaria 15 1,383 1,386 1,403 1,343 1,442 1,481 1,451 -2.0% 51.5%
Croatia 57 66 79 75 83 96 149 55.2%
Cyprus 1 6 127 146 172 199 218 296 477 61.1% 48.9%
Czech Republic 616 2,264 2,131 2,193 2,359 2,312 2,287 2,153 -5.9% 12.0%
Denmark 2 6 604 744 751 953 963 1,181 1,309 10.8% 63.2%
Estonia 10 14 31 74 123 305 148.0%
Finland 3 5 11 22 49 90 147 218 305 39.9% 45.3%
France 11 620 7,754 8,660 9,586 10,891 12,227 13,398 15,095 12.7% 33.7%
Germany 1,282 11,729 38,726 38,098 39,401 43,459 44,383 48,641 49,992 2.8% 14.1%
Greece 1 158 3,900 3,930 3,991 3,791 4,429 4,447 5,106 14.8% 37.2%
Hungary 1 141 244 349 629 1,497 2,459 3,849 56.5% 111.8%
Ireland 4 6 12 22 40 64 79 23.4%
Italy 31 1,906 22,942 22,104 24,378 22,654 23,689 24,942 25,039 0.4% 26.4%
Kosovo 1 2 11 10 46 360.0%
Latvia 1 3 5 7 40.0%
Lithuania 73 66 68 87 91 129 191 48.1%
Luxembourg 18 21 104 100 108 119 130 161 244 51.6% 25.0%
Malta 1 95 128 162 190 195 237 256 8.0% 72.8%
Moldova 2 2 2 3 3 4 9 125.0%
Montenegro 2
Netherlands 35 56 1,108 1,602 2,208 3,708 5,401 8,765 11,332 29.3% 62.0%
North Macedonia 23 24 24 23 23 24 25 4.2%
Norway 2 13 27 175 548.1%
Poland 57 124 165 300 711 1,958 3,949 101.7%
Portugal 3 211 796 871 992 1,006 1,342 1,716 2,196 28.0% 23.7%
Romania 1,982 1,820 1,856 1,771 1,778 1,733 1,703 -1.7%
Serbia 11 12 13 13 14 13 14 7.7%
Slovakia 17 506 533 506 585 589 663 667 0.6% 39.6%
Slovenia 13 274 267 284 255 303 368 453 23.1% 38.1%
Spain 48 6,425 8,266 8,064 8,514 7,877 9,420 15,675 21,584 37.7% 11.6%
Sweden 2 9 97 143 230 407 679 1,051 1,507 43.4% 59.3%
Switzerland 21 94 1,119 1,333 1,683 1,945 2,178 2,599 2,871 10.5% 36.5%
Türkiye 194 1,043 2,889 7,800 9,250 10,950 13,294 21.4%
Ukraine 477 491 739 1,099 2,933 5,969 2,596 -56.5%
United Kingdom 8 40 7,533 10,395 11,457 12,668 12,580 13,158 12,384 -5.9% 68.4%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 193
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Russia and Central Asia 459 634 758 1,162 2,215 3,696 66.9%
Russia 335 462 558 720 1,279 2,022 2,300 13.7%

Armenia 1 1 3 19 61 137 90 -34.3%
Azerbaijan 5 35 37 39 44 47 55 17.0%
Kazakhstan 118 136 160 384 831 1,490 79.3%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Middle East 94 1,412 2,326 3,383 5,138 9,643 13,715 42.2% 64.6%
Iran 1 4 86 340 410 510 24.4%

Iraq 57 57 57 57 57 57 0.0%
Israel 70 1,115 1,544 1,511 1,574 2,609 3,525 4,635 31.5% 46.4%
Jordan 2 422 908 1,426 2,059 2,865 39.1%
Kuwait 5 9 13 20 20 20 0.0%
Lebanon 1 17 37 56 86 117 117 0.0% 61.0%
Oman 4 4 16 16 17 128 652.9%
Saudi Arabia 4 46 46 65 65 320 779 143.4% 69.4%
United Arab Emirates 17 49 48 477 1,070 3,550 5,224 47.2% 77.3%
Yemen 2 116 155 194 484 484 490 1.2% 73.3%
(*)
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Africa 20 347 2,589 3,777 5,224 6,988 10,776 11,581 7.5% 42.0%
Algeria 58 87 572 655 675 665 -1.5%

Benin 5 5 5 5 8 7 -12.5%
Cameroon 1 10 12 16 20 20 20 0.0% 34.9%
Congo 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
Côte d’Ivoire 2 5 5 7 7 11 11 0.0% 18.6%
Dem. Rep. Congo 1 5 7 28 28 30 7.1%
Egypt 206 168 580 537 1,525 4,430 4,506 1.7% 36.1%
Ethiopia 18 21 22 20 20 32 60.0%
Gabon 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0%
Ghana 3 27 28 33 51 57 11.8%
Kenya 3 50 60 73 90 92 88 -4.3% 40.2%
Libya 2 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.0% 2.9%
Madagascar 15 32 23 -28.1%
Morocco 1 1 1 156 395 390 467 19.7%
Mozambique 1 2 2 1 31 70 125.8%
Namibia 3 7 39 57 108 233 348 369 6.0% 48.7%
Niger 2 3 4 5 10 13 24 24 0.0% 23.1%
Nigeria 25 27 28 28 41 42 2.4%
Rwanda 15 21 16 16 18 18 0.0%
Senegal 3 3 4 6 91 252 291 385 32.3% 62.5%
South Africa 1,946 2,509 3,249 3,212 3,255 3,603 5,001 38.8%
South Sudan 2 2 3 10 11 11 0.0%
Tanzania 3 7 15 33 39 46 46 51 10.9% 22.0%
Tunisia 1 65 109 133 174 245 333 35.9% 78.7%
Uganda 4 22 32 39 62 71 117 118 0.9% 18.3%
Zambia 118 150 148 -1.3%
Zimbabwe 24
Others Africa 3 86 111 153 204 367 458 543 18.6% 20.2%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 195
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Asia - Pacific 1,620 5,625 98,039 149,534 223,452 309,283 391,160 467,224 19.4% 55.6%
Australia 78 386 5,019 6,205 8,069 9,926 14,845 21,030 27,713 31.8% 47.5%
Bangladesh 210 233 268 291 347 401 15.6%
Brunei 2 1 2 2 2 2 0.0%
China 84 699 39,500 66,500 117,800 176,900 224,300 260,500 339,204 30.2% 75.5%
Hong Kong 1 4 4 6 6 17 18 5.9% 33.5%
India 3 126 10,420 18,778 26,035 39,728 50,614 61,291 71,915 17.3% 78.1%
Indonesia 1 5 21 29 90 118 171 193 12.9% 61.4%
Japan 1,421 3,543 34,803 45,761 55,069 62,668 69,382 79,087 88,701 12.2% 34.0%
Malaysia 1 273 310 330 573 1,404 2,338 66.5%
Mongolia 8 8 8 27 34 81 71 -12.3% 24.4%
Myanmar 7 11 9 10 45 41 -8.9%
Nepal 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
New Zealand 4 37 57 77 100 128 160 203 26.9% 42.9%
North Korea 1 11 13 14 15 16 16 0.0% 32.0%
Pakistan 207 630 768 629 705 795 12.8%
Philippines 2 1 139 1,097 1,201 1,249 1,246 1,373 10.2% 106.0%
Singapore 5 69 146 175 237 410 497 668 34.4% 56.0%
South Korea 15 772 3,975 5,123 7,056 9,208 12,996 17,967 23,591 31.3% 36.5%
Sri Lanka 14 17 21 23 141 117 117 118 0.9% 21.4%
Taiwan 1 26 875 1,132 1,692 2,740 4,014 6,095 51.8% 72.6%
Thailand 20 2,378 3,377 4,543 4,537 5,146 5,031 4,288 -14.8% 62.9%
Vietnam 22 4,818 9,575 98.7%
Others Asia-Pacific 1 15 75 103 140 200 408 646 58.3% 90.8%
(*)
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Americas 563 3,406 37,717 55,862 79,600 99,218 123,924 155,317 25.3% 46.5%
Argentina 15 14 16 108 800 1,345 2,203 63.8%

Bolivia 5 6 6 127 188 332 471 41.9%
Brazil 59 85 832 3,461 6,655 10,750 16,752 55.8%
Canada 17 255 2,895 4,030 3,892 4,107 4,415 4,846 5,166 6.6% 31.5%
Chile 1,261 2,639 3,915 5,218 6,419 7,971 10,602 33.0%
Colombia 7 8 9 9 14 21 137 201 323 60.7% 40.0%
Costa Rica 3 30 40 59 77 76 61 -19.7%
Cuba 29 39 58 149 232 242 4.3%
Curacao 17 19 20 20 20 22 10.0%
Dominican Republic 32 75 139 230 354 434 22.6%
Ecuador 36 39 37 38 38 38 37 -2.6%
El Salvador 7 24 164 285 490 902 84.1%
Guatemala 150 193 199 205 232 219 227 3.7%
Guyana 5 5 7 11 18 12 -33.3%
Haiti 2 2 3 3 3 3 0.0%
Honduras 2 420 887 926 995 1,118 1,046 -6.4% 87.0%
Jamaica 15 44 46 90 124 37.8%
Mexico 9 31 239 464 1,085 1,363 7,057 9,115 12,437 36.4% 72.5%
Nicaragua 2 2 14 24 26 26 0.0%
Panama 16 71 156 233 295 317 7.5%
Peru 230 241 287 750 779 794 819 3.1%
Suriname 9 9 9 10 10 10 0.0%
Trinidad and Tobago 2 4 6 6 6 5 5 5 0.0% 2.3%
United States 524 3,063 32,091 46,633 67,393 81,244 93,944 115,902 146,249 26.2% 42.1%
Uruguay 49 151 269 414 424 462 483 4.5%
Venezuela 2 7 7 7 6 9 9 0.0% 16.2%
Others Americas 4 41 123 167 62 86 89 114 28.1% 10.8%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 197
Concentrated Solar Power Capacity

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 739 2,313 2,313 2,313 2,313 2,322 2,322 2,322 0.0% 11.0%
Middle East 6 106 106 106 156 448 442 442 0.0% 47.6%
Africa 45 325 425 525 985 1,085 1,085 1,085 0.0% 33.6%
Asia - Pacific 0 3 348 368 367 583 747 897 921 2.7% 68.3%
Americas 388 473 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,774 1,775 1,765 1,621 -8.2% 11.8%
- North America 388 473 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,748 1,496 -14.4% 11.0%
- Central South America 16 17 17 125 636.9%

World 388 1,266 4,850 4,970 5,069 5,811 6,377 6,511 6,390 -1.8% 15.9%

European Union 27 739 2,312 2,312 2,312 2,312 2,321 2,321 2,321 0.0% 11.0%

MENA 51 331 331 331 741 1,033 1,027 1,027 0.0% 31.4%

OECD 388 1,221 4,079 4,079 4,078 4,095 4,347 4,331 4,187 -3.3% 11.9%
NON OECD 45 770 890 990 1,716 2,030 2,180 2,204 1.1% 42.4%

OPEC 25 125 125 125 175 225 225 225 0.0% 22.1%
NON OPEC 388 1,241 4,725 4,845 4,944 5,636 6,152 6,285 6,165 -1.9% 15.7%
(*)
World Concentrated Solar Power Capacity (2021)

6,390 MW
7% MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE 36% 14% ASIA - PACIFIC
NORTH AMERICA 23% 17% AFRICA
World Concentrated Solar Power Capacity Growth (2005-2021)

6,002 MW
2005-2010 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

CENTRAL
ASIA - PACIFIC
AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
RENEWABLES 199
The World Top 10(*)

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Spain 732 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 0.0% 11.0%
United States 388 473 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,748 1,496 -14.4% 11.0%
China 11 31 31 246 396 546 570 4.4%
Morocco 20 180 180 180 540 540 540 540 0.0% 34.9%
South Africa 100 200 300 400 500 500 500 0.0%
India 329 329 329 329 343 343 343 0.0%
Israel 6 6 6 6 6 248 242 242 0.0% 39.7%
Chile 108
United Arab Emirates 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0.0%
Kuwait 50 50 50 0.0%

The World Top 10 388 1,231 4,788 4,908 5,008 5,683 6,239 6,373 6,252 -1.9% 15.9%

Rest of the World 0 35 62 62 61 128 138 138 138 0.0% 13.4%

World 388 1,266 4,850 4,970 5,069 5,811 6,377 6,511 6,390 -1.8% 15.9%

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Ind
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Sp
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3.8% 5.4% 7.8% 8.5% 8.9% 23.4% 36.1%

0.8% 1.6% 1.7%
(*)
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 739 2,313 2,313 2,313 2,313 2,322 2,322 2,322 0.0% 11.0%
France 9 9 9 0.0%
Germany 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% 0.0%
Italy 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0% 2.3%
Spain 732 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 2,304 0.0% 11.0%
Turkey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 6 106 106 106 156 448 442 442 0.0% 47.6%
Kuwait 50 50 50 0.0%
Israel 6 6 6 6 6 248 242 242 0.0% 39.7%
Saudi Arabia 50 50 50 50 0.0%
United Arab Emirates 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 45 325 425 525 985 1,085 1,085 1,085 0.0% 33.6%
Algeria 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 0.0% 0.0%

Egypt 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0.0%
Morocco 20 180 180 180 540 540 540 540 0.0% 34.9%
South Africa 100 200 300 400 500 500 500 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 0 3 348 368 367 583 747 897 921 2.7% 68.3%
Australia 0 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 0.0% 0.0%

China 11 31 31 246 396 546 570 4.4%
India 329 329 329 329 343 343 343 0.0%
Thailand 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 388 473 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,774 1,775 1,765 1,621 -8.2% 11.8%
Chile 108
Mexico 16 17 17 17 0.0%
United States 388 473 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,758 1,748 1,496 -14.4% 11.0%
(*)
RENEWABLES 201
Concentrated Solar Power Generation

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 761 5,593 5,579 5,883 4,867 5,683 4,992 -12.2% 20.7%
Middle East 243 261 257 233 810 1,050 29.6%
Africa 194 898 1,101 1,823 2,740 2,558 -6.6%
Asia - Pacific 1 5 33 33 44 383 1,098 1,687 53.6% 79.0%
Americas 596 879 3,544 3,701 3,587 3,940 3,535 3,427 -3.1% 14.6%
-North America 596 879 3,544 3,701 3,587 3,940 3,535 3,427 3,191 -6.9% 12.4%

World 597 1,645 9,607 10,472 10,872 11,246 13,866 13,715 -1.1% 23.6%

European Union 27 761 5,593 5,579 5,883 4,867 5,683 4,992 5,175 3.7% 19.0%

MENA 247 661 671 1,027 1,996 2,180 9.2%

OECD 597 1,643 9,141 9,284 9,472 8,810 9,726 9,060 9,209 1.6% 17.0%
NON OECD 2 466 1,188 1,400 2,436 4,140 4,655 12.4% 117.1%

OPEC 243 261 257 233 305 412 35.1%
NON OPEC 597 1,645 9,364 10,211 10,615 11,013 13,561 13,303 -1.9% 23.2%
(*)
(**)
World Concentrated Solar Power Generation (2020)

13,715 GWh
8% MIDDLE EAST
12% ASIA - PACIFIC
19% AFRICA
25% NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
EUROPE 36%
World Concentrated Solar Power Generation Growth (2005-2020)

13,118 GWh
2005-2010 -1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
2015-2021 ASIA - PACIFIC
AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
RENEWABLES 203
The World Top 5(*)

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Spain 761 5,593 5,579 5,883 4,867 5,683 4,992 5,175 3.7% 19.0%
United States 596 879 3,544 3,701 3,587 3,940 3,535 3,427 3,191 -6.9% 12.4%
China 2 29 29 42 380 1,095 1,684 1,658 -1.5% 84.2%
South Africa 190 498 687 1,029 1,554 1,428 1,652 15.7%
Morocco 4 400 414 794 1,186 1,130 1,354 19.8%

The World Top 5 596 1,642 9,360 10,207 10,613 11,010 13,053 12,661 13,030 2.9% 20.7%

Rest of the World 1 3 247 265 259 236 813 1,054 29.6% 79.7%

World 597 1,645 9,607 10,472 10,872 11,246 13,866 13,715 -1.1% 23.6%
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(*)
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 761 5,593 5,579 5,883 4,867 5,683 4,992 -12.2% 20.7%
Spain 761 5,593 5,579 5,883 4,867 5,683 4,992 5,175 3.7% 19.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Middle East 243 261 257 233 810 1,050 29.6%
Israel 505 638 839 31.5%

Kuwait 75 160 113.3%
United Arab Emirates 243 261 257 233 230 252 9.6%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Africa 194 898 1,101 1,823 2,740 2,558 -6.6%
Morocco 4 400 414 794 1,186 1,130 1,354 19.8%

South Africa 190 498 687 1,029 1,554 1,428 1,652 15.7%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Asia - Pacific 1 5 33 33 44 383 1,098 1,687 53.6% 79.0%
Australia 1 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 33.3% 2.6%

China 2 29 29 42 380 1,095 1,684 1,658 -1.5% 84.2%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Americas 596 879 3,544 3,701 3,587 3,940 3,535 3,427 -3.1% 14.6%
United States 596 879 3,544 3,701 3,587 3,940 3,535 3,427 3,191 -6.9% 12.4%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 205
Wind Resources Map (Average Wind Speed at 80 m height)(*)

(m/s)
Global annual average

wind speed
at 80 m height
0 m/s
1.88
3.75
5.63
7.50
9.38
11.25
13.13
2,000 Km
15.00
Wind Power Capacity Wind Power Generation

(GW) (TWh)
900 1,800
750 1,500
600 1,200
450 900
300 600
150 300
0 0
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Capacity Factor Share of Wind on Total Power Generation

(hours per year - world average)
7.5%
2,350
6.0%
2,200
4.5%
2,050
3.0%
1,900 1.5%
1,750 0.0%
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
(*)
IRENA: Global Atlas, Map data: VAISALA, 2022.
Wind Power Capacity

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 40,705 86,240 147,513 161,514 177,141 188,748 203,717 216,669 231,367 6.8% 9.4%
Russia and Central Asia 13 15 93 148 163 263 476 1,522 3,217 111.3% 63.3%
Middle East 45 104 286 423 504 609 775 923 1,029 11.4% 23.2%
Africa 240 865 3,320 3,826 4,579 5,472 5,529 6,485 7,334 13.1% 21.5%
Asia - Pacific 7,810 48,537 166,653 189,153 210,456 235,156 264,409 341,158 394,049 15.5% 21.0%
Americas 9,594 45,106 98,303 111,802 121,353 134,069 146,177 164,866 186,488 13.1% 13.8%
- North America 9,383 43,102 83,787 93,259 99,847 107,332 117,465 132,359 147,041 11.1% 11.8%
- Central South America 211 2,004 14,516 18,543 21,506 26,737 28,712 32,507 39,447 21.3% 31.1%

World 58,407 180,866 416,169 466,866 514,196 564,316 621,083 731,623 823,484 12.6% 14.8%

European Union 27 38,760 78,937 127,169 138,011 148,920 157,167 167,161 176,985 187,522 6.0% 8.2%

MENA 268 933 2,088 2,325 2,532 3,219 3,387 3,963 4,359 10.0% 15.0%

OECD 52,260 133,994 239,019 264,206 287,421 308,927 334,701 366,099 397,597 8.6% 10.4%
NON OECD 6,147 46,872 177,150 202,660 226,776 255,389 286,382 365,524 425,887 16.5% 22.2%

OPEC 37 95 239 275 356 378 402 405 407 0.5% 14.1%
NON OPEC 58,370 180,771 415,930 466,591 513,841 563,938 620,681 731,218 823,077 12.6% 14.8%
(*)
RENEWABLES 207
Wind Power Capacity
World Wind Power Capacity (2021)

823,484 MW
1% AFRICA
18% NORTH AMERICA
28% EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC 48%
World Wind Power Capacity Growth (2005-2021)

765,077 MW
2005-2010 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000
AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC
Wind Power Capacity
The World Top 10(*)

(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
China 1,060 29,633 131,048 148,517 164,374 184,665 209,582 282,113 328,973 16.6% 24.5%
United States 8,706 39,135 72,573 81,286 87,597 94,516 104,052 118,732 132,738 11.8% 11.7%
Germany 18,248 26,903 44,580 49,435 55,580 58,721 60,742 62,188 63,865 2.7% 8.2%
India 4,434 13,184 25,088 28,700 32,848 35,288 37,505 38,559 40,067 3.9% 10.6%
Spain 9,918 20,693 22,943 22,990 23,124 23,405 25,590 26,819 27,497 2.5% 2.6%
United Kingdom 1,565 5,421 14,306 16,126 19,585 21,605 23,882 24,485 25,730 5.1% 15.2%
Brazil 29 927 7,633 10,129 12,304 14,843 15,438 17,198 21,161 23.0% 32.9%
France 690 5,912 10,298 11,567 13,499 14,900 16,457 17,484 18,676 6.8% 11.0%
Canada 677 3,967 11,214 11,973 12,250 12,816 13,413 13,627 14,304 5.0% 12.4%
Sweden 522 2,017 5,819 6,435 6,611 7,300 8,681 9,976 12,080 21.1% 17.7%

The World Top 10 45,849 147,792 345,502 387,158 427,774 468,060 515,343 611,180 685,091 12.1% 15.0%

Rest of the World 12,558 33,074 70,667 79,708 86,422 96,256 105,741 120,443 138,393 14.9% 13.9%

World 58,407 180,866 416,169 466,866 514,196 564,316 621,083 731,623 823,484 12.6% 14.8%

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Share of World
Fra
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3.1% 3.3% 4.9% 7.8% 16.1% 39.9%

1.5% 1.7% 2.3% 2.6%
(*)
RENEWABLES 209
Wind Power Capacity
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Europe 40,705 86,240 147,513 161,514 177,141 188,748 203,717 216,669 231,367 6.8% 9.4%
Austria 825 1,016 2,489 2,730 2,887 3,133 3,224 3,226 3,524 9.2% 12.0%
Belarus 1 2 22 62 84 92 112 112 112 -0.3% 44.8%
Belgium 167 912 2,176 2,370 2,788 3,268 3,863 4,681 4,780 2.1% 16.3%
Bosnia Herzegovina 0 0 0 51 87 87 135 55.2%
Bulgaria 8 488 699 699 698 699 703 703 705 0.3% 3.4%
Croatia 6 79 418 483 576 586 646 801 988 23.3% 25.8%
Cyprus 0 82 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 0.0% 6.1%
Czech Republic 22 213 281 282 308 316 339 339 339 0.0% 4.3%
Denmark 3,128 3,802 5,077 5,245 5,489 6,115 6,103 6,259 7,014 12.0% 5.7%
Estonia 31 108 300 310 312 310 316 317 317 0.0% 10.3%
Finland 82 197 1,005 1,565 2,044 2,041 2,284 2,586 3,257 25.9% 29.1%
France 690 5,912 10,298 11,567 13,499 14,900 16,457 17,484 18,676 6.8% 11.0%
Germany 18,248 26,903 44,580 49,435 55,580 58,721 60,742 62,188 63,865 2.7% 8.2%
Greece 491 1,298 2,091 2,370 2,624 2,877 3,589 4,119 4,457 8.2% 11.9%
Hungary 17 293 329 329 329 329 323 321 321 0.0% 0.8%
Iceland 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 0.0%
Ireland 493 1,390 2,451 2,802 3,319 3,674 4,126 4,307 4,332 0.6% 10.9%
Italy 1,635 5,794 9,137 9,384 9,737 10,230 10,679 10,871 11,276 3.7% 6.2%
Kosovo 1 1 1 34 34 34 34 139 311.1% 56.6%
Latvia 26 30 68 70 77 78 78 78 81 3.9% 9.4%
Lithuania 1 133 436 509 518 533 534 540 671 24.3% 15.9%
Luxembourg 35 44 64 120 120 123 136 153 157 2.6% 12.3%
Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Moldova 1 2 9 33 35 41 51 24.1%
Montenegro 72 72 118 118 118 0.0%
Netherlands 1,224 2,237 3,391 4,257 4,202 4,393 4,484 6,619 7,801 17.9% 12.0%
North Macedonia 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 0.0%
Norway 265 425 867 883 1,207 1,710 2,914 4,030 4,650 15.4% 24.3%
Poland 121 1,108 4,886 5,747 5,759 5,766 5,837 6,298 6,958 10.5% 18.2%
Portugal 1,064 3,796 4,937 5,124 5,124 5,172 5,223 5,122 5,248 2.5% 3.0%
Romania 1 389 3,130 3,025 3,030 3,032 3,038 3,013 3,013 0.0% 20.5%
Serbia 10 17 25 227 398 398 398 0.0%
Slovakia 5 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 0.0% 2.6%
Slovenia 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -0.5%
Spain 9,918 20,693 22,943 22,990 23,124 23,405 25,590 26,819 27,497 2.5% 2.6%
Sweden 522 2,017 5,819 6,435 6,611 7,300 8,681 9,976 12,080 21.1% 17.7%
Switzerland 12 42 60 75 75 75 75 87 87 0.0% 6.9%
Türkiye 21 1,320 4,503 5,751 6,516 7,005 7,591 8,832 10,607 20.1% 20.9%
Ukraine 77 88 514 526 553 621 1,258 1,402 1,761 25.6% 31.3%
United Kingdom 1,565 5,421 14,306 16,126 19,585 21,605 23,882 24,485 25,730 5.1% 15.2%
Others Europe 4 4 20 20 20 16 13 19 19 -0.8% 14.9%
(*)
Wind Power Capacity
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Russia and Central Asia 13 15 93 148 163 263 476 1,522 3,217 111.3% 63.3%
Russia 10 10 11 11 11 52 102 945 1,955 106.8% 61.5%

Armenia 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% 0.9%
Azerbaijan 2 8 16 16 66 66 66 67 1.7% 37.6%
Georgia 20 20 20 21 21 21 0.0%
Kazakhstan 72 98 112 121 284 486 1,170 140.6%
Uzbekistan 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Middle East 45 104 286 423 504 609 775 923 1,029 11.4% 23.2%
Bahrain 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%

Iran 37 95 153 191 259 282 305 308 310 0.7% 11.4%
Israel 6 6 6 27 27 27 27 27 27 0.0% 14.7%
Jordan 1 1 118 198 198 280 373 518 622 20.0% 74.0%
Kuwait 2 2 12 12 12 12 12 0.0%
Lebanon 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0%
Oman 50 50 50 0.0%
Saudi Arabia 3 3 3 3 3 0.0%
Syria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
Others Middle East 2
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Africa 240 865 3,320 3,826 4,579 5,472 5,529 6,485 7,334 13.1% 21.5%
Algeria 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0.0%
Chad 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
Egypt 150 555 755 755 755 1,130 1,132 1,380 1,640 18.8% 10.4%
Ethiopia 324 324 324 324 324 324 324 0.0%
Ghana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Kenya 0 6 26 26 26 336 336 336 436 29.8% 48.5%
Madagascar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% 0.3%
Mauritania 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 0.0%
Morocco 54 221 797 897 1,023 1,225 1,225 1,405 1,435 2.1% 18.5%
Namibia 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 0.0% 33.4%
Senegal 55 159 159 0.0%
Somalia 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 0.0%
South Africa 3 10 1,079 1,473 2,094 2,094 2,094 2,516 2,956 17.5% 67.5%
Tanzania 2 2 0.0%
Tunisia 19 54 240 240 240 245 245 245 245 0.0% 14.8%
Others Africa 13 19 51 62 62 63 63 63 83 31.8% 14.4%
(*)
RENEWABLES 211
Wind Power Capacity
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Asia - Pacific 7,810 48,537 166,653 189,153 210,456 235,156 264,409 341,158 394,049 15.5% 21.0%
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Australia 740 1,864 4,181 4,324 4,812 5,442 6,279 8,603 8,951 4.0% 15.3%
Bangladesh 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% 3.9%
China 1,060 29,633 131,048 148,517 164,374 184,665 209,582 282,113 328,973 16.6% 24.5%
Hong Kong 1 1 1 1 1 0.0%
India 4,434 13,184 25,088 28,700 32,848 35,288 37,505 38,559 40,067 3.9% 10.6%
Indonesia 0 1 1 1 144 154 154 154 0.0% 74.4%
Japan 1,227 2,294 2,808 3,247 3,483 3,498 3,954 4,367 4,467 2.3% 6.2%
Mongolia 0 1 51 51 101 156 156 156 156 0.0% 64.1%
Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Nepal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
New Zealand 167 539 688 689 689 689 689 689 822 19.3% 3.9%
North Korea 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 10.5%
Pakistan 6 308 591 789 1,186 1,236 1,236 1,335 8.0% 63.5%
Philippines 33 33 427 427 427 427 443 443 443 0.0% 26.6%
Singapore 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
South Korea 99 382 847 1,067 1,215 1,420 1,494 1,636 1,708 4.4% 14.6%
Sri Lanka 3 34 131 131 131 128 128 179 253 41.1% 20.0%
Taiwan 24 476 647 682 692 713 845 937 1,033 10.3% 7.3%
Thailand 6 234 507 628 1,103 1,507 1,507 1,507 0.0% 66.3%
Vietnam 31 136 160 205 237 375 518 4,118 695.0% 56.0%
(*)
Wind Power Capacity
Countries(*)
(MW)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Americas 9,594 45,106 98,303 111,802 121,353 134,069 146,177 164,866 186,488 13.1% 13.8%
Argentina 28 28 187 187 227 750 1,609 2,624 3,292 25.5% 54.3%
Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Belize 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% 0.0%
Bolivia 0 3 27 27 27 27 27 128 373.3% 91.6%
Brazil 29 927 7,633 10,129 12,304 14,843 15,438 17,198 21,161 23.0% 32.9%
Canada 677 3,967 11,214 11,973 12,250 12,816 13,413 13,627 14,304 5.0% 12.4%
Chile 2 163 910 1,039 1,305 1,524 1,620 2,149 3,137 46.0% 30.8%
Colombia 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 0.0% 0.0%
Costa Rica 69 116 272 365 378 408 411 394 394 0.0% 11.8%
Cuba 2 7 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 0.0% 4.5%
Curacao 12 8 30 30 47 47 47 47 47 0.0% 17.4%
Dominican Republic 85 135 135 183 370 370 370 0.0%
Ecuador 2 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 0.0% 21.9%
El Salvador 36 36 0.0%
Guatemala 76 76 76 107 107 107 107 0.0%
Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% 20.8%
Haiti 0 0 0 0 0.0%
Honduras 152 175 225 225 241 241 241 0.0%
Jamaica 21 39 39 99 99 99 99 99 99 0.0% 8.9%
Mexico 18 519 3,271 4,051 4,180 5,887 6,073 6,504 7,692 18.3% 27.8%
Nicaragua 63 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 0.0% 10.4%
Panama 253 270 270 270 270 270 270 0.0%
Peru 1 1 240 240 240 372 372 409 409 0.0% 78.4%
Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0%
United States 8,706 39,135 72,573 81,286 87,597 94,516 104,052 118,732 132,738 11.8% 11.7%
Uruguay 0 41 857 1,211 1,511 1,511 1,514 1,514 1,514 0.0% 39.0%
Venezuela 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 0.0%
Others Americas 20 72 199 199 175 175 204 209 241 15.4% 11.6%
(*)
RENEWABLES 213
Wind Power Generation

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 71,602 154,013 319,000 322,890 384,193 403,305 462,273 512,954 11.0% 12.8%
Russia and Central Asia 7 12 288 457 592 862 1,231 2,459 99.8% 70.3%
Middle East 85 174 362 660 967 1,452 1,667 2,188 31.3% 28.8%
Africa 819 2,372 8,563 10,462 11,558 15,280 18,525 17,633 -4.8% 22.2%
Asia - Pacific 11,748 77,064 245,699 312,612 382,522 467,893 518,850 580,622 11.9% 22.4%
Americas 20,044 108,570 260,090 315,947 355,051 387,548 426,320 482,224 13.1% 16.1%
- North America 19,448 103,872 219,956 260,401 288,760 308,976 330,948 377,456 419,795 11.2% 13.5%
- Central South America 596 4,698 40,134 55,546 66,291 78,572 95,372 104,768 9.9% 36.4%

World 104,305 342,205 834,002 963,028 1,134,883 1,276,340 1,428,866 1,598,080 11.8% 16.7%

European Union 27 68,093 139,842 263,204 266,813 312,311 320,613 367,177 397,418 385,666 -3.0% 9.7%

MENA 885 2,470 5,406 6,363 6,793 8,797 11,133 11,486 3.2% 16.6%

OECD 94,462 269,814 559,878 608,142 698,778 745,121 831,839 935,091 971,250 3.9% 12.3%
NON OECD 9,843 72,391 274,124 354,886 436,105 531,219 597,027 662,989 11.0% 24.8%

OPEC 71 163 335 373 428 655 694 695 0.1% 15.6%
NON OPEC 104,234 342,042 833,667 962,655 1,134,455 1,275,685 1,428,172 1,597,385 11.8% 16.7%
(*)
(**)
World Wind Power Generation (2020)

1,598,080 GWh
1% AFRICA
24% NORTH AMERICA
32% EUROPE
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC 36%
World Wind Power Generation Growth (2005-2020)

1,493,775 GWh
2005-2010 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000
AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA - PACIFIC
RENEWABLES 215
The World Top 10(*)

(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
China 2,028 44,622 185,766 237,070 297,230 365,971 406,032 466,474 617,395 32.4% 27.0%
United States 17,881 95,148 192,992 229,471 257,249 275,834 298,200 341,818 384,237 12.4% 13.5%
Germany 27,774 38,547 80,624 79,924 105,693 109,951 125,894 132,102 113,848 -13.8% 10.3%
India 6,211 19,657 35,075 48,281 54,994 65,710 70,949 67,418 75,744 12.3% 13.0%
Brazil 93 2,177 21,626 33,488 42,373 48,475 55,986 57,051 72,286 26.7% 37.5%
United Kingdom 2,904 10,286 40,275 37,159 49,641 56,908 63,795 75,369 64,460 -14.5% 18.2%
Spain 21,176 44,271 49,325 48,905 49,127 50,896 55,647 56,444 62,229 10.2% 3.1%
France 962 9,945 21,421 21,381 24,609 28,599 34,787 39,792 37,015 -7.0% 12.7%
Canada 1,567 8,724 26,964 30,930 31,511 33,142 32,748 35,638 35,558 -0.2% 13.6%
Türkiye 59 2,916 11,652 15,517 17,904 19,949 21,731 24,828 31,137 25.4% 24.0%

The World Top 10 80,655 276,293 665,720 782,126 930,331 1,055,435 1,165,769 1,296,934 1,493,909 15.2% 16.6%

Rest of the World 23,650 65,912 168,282 180,902 204,552 220,905 263,097 301,146 14.5% 16.4%
World 104,305 342,205 834,002 963,028 1,134,883 1,276,340 1,428,866 1,598,080 11.8% 16.7%

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384.237 nite
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617.395 hin
az
GWh
Fra
Ind
Ge
Ca
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Sp
Tü
Br
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31.137
35.558
37.015
62.229
64.460
72.288
75.774
113.848
(*)
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Europe 71,602 154,013 319,000 322,890 384,193 403,305 462,273 512,954 11.0% 12.8%
Austria 1,331 2,064 4,840 5,235 6,572 6,030 7,450 6,792 6,740 -0.8% 11.4%
Belarus 1 1 26 75 97 99 178 194 9.0% 69.3%
Belgium 227 1,292 5,574 5,417 6,518 7,571 9,750 12,764 11,942 -6.4% 22.4%
Bosnia Herzegovina 103 254 262 383 46.2%
Bulgaria 5 681 1,452 1,425 1,504 1,318 1,317 1,477 1,434 -2.9% 7.0%
Croatia 10 139 796 1,014 1,204 1,335 1,467 1,721 2,062 19.8% 27.8%
Cyprus 32 222 227 211 221 239 240 247 2.9% 20.4%
Czech Republic 21 335 573 497 591 609 700 699 602 -13.9% 5.5%
Denmark 6,614 7,809 14,133 12,782 14,780 13,902 16,150 16,330 16,054 -1.7% 6.8%
Estonia 54 277 715 594 723 636 687 844 731 -13.4% 9.2%
Finland 170 294 2,327 3,068 4,795 5,839 6,025 7,938 8,133 2.5% 35.2%
France 962 9,945 21,421 21,381 24,609 28,599 34,787 39,792 37,015 -7.0% 12.7%
Germany 27,774 38,547 80,624 79,924 105,693 109,951 125,894 132,102 113,848 -13.8% 10.3%
Greece 1,266 2,714 4,621 5,146 5,537 6,300 7,266 9,310 10,483 12.6% 13.1%
Hungary 10 534 693 684 758 607 729 655 661 0.9% 2.0%
Iceland 11 9 8 4 7 7 6 -14.3%
Ireland 1,112 2,815 6,573 6,147 7,444 8,640 10,019 11,549 9,668 -16.3% 11.9%
Italy 2,344 9,126 14,844 17,689 17,742 17,716 20,202 18,762 20,789 10.8% 7.8%
Kosovo 1 30 91 90 90 0.0% 50.5%
Latvia 47 49 147 128 150 122 154 177 141 -20.3% 10.1%
Lithuania 2 224 810 1,136 1,364 1,144 1,499 1,552 1,362 -12.2% 17.8%
Luxembourg 52 55 102 101 235 255 281 351 331 -5.7% 17.7%
Moldova 2 3 7 23 43 51 78 52.9%
Montenegro 97 143 295 315 6.8%
Netherlands 2,067 3,994 7,550 8,170 10,569 10,549 11,508 15,339 17,980 17.2% 14.7%
North Macedonia 121 109 110 97 102 117 103 -12.0%
Norway 499 879 2,515 2,116 2,854 3,876 5,536 9,911 11,769 18.7% 26.6%
Poland 135 1,664 10,858 12,588 14,909 12,799 15,107 15,800 16,247 2.8% 23.0%
Portugal 1,773 9,182 11,607 12,474 12,248 12,617 13,667 12,299 13,273 7.9% 3.4%
Romania 306 7,063 6,590 7,407 6,322 6,773 6,945 6,576 -5.3% 32.2%
Serbia 26 48 150 898 976 1,085 11.2%
Slovakia 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 0.0% -3.6%
Slovenia 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0%
Spain 21,176 44,271 49,325 48,905 49,127 50,896 55,647 56,444 62,229 10.2% 3.1%
Sweden 935 3,487 16,322 15,479 17,609 16,623 19,847 27,526 27,108 -1.5% 20.5%
Switzerland 8 37 110 109 133 122 146 145 146 0.7% 13.3%
Türkiye 59 2,916 11,652 15,517 17,904 19,949 21,731 24,828 31,137 25.4% 24.0%
Ukraine 38 51 1,084 954 983 1,188 2,020 3,271 2,833 -13.4% 44.1%
United Kingdom 2,904 10,286 40,275 37,159 49,641 56,908 63,795 75,369 64,460 -14.5% 18.2%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 217
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Russia and Central Asia 7 12 288 457 592 862 1,231 2,459 99.8% 70.3%
Russia 7 4 148 148 140 232 331 1,241 3,893 213.7% 86.9%
Armenia 7 3 2 2 2 3 2 1 -50.0% -16.2%
Azerbaijan 1 5 23 22 83 105 96 91 -5.2% 50.7%
Georgia 9 88 84 85 91 83 -8.8%
Kazakhstan 132 275 340 461 707 1,029 45.5%
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Middle East 85 174 362 660 967 1,452 1,667 2,188 31.3% 28.8%
Iran 71 163 221 250 307 518 560 566 1.1% 13.3%
Israel 11 8 7 7 180 183 190 204 194 -4.9% 33.6%
Jordan 3 3 121 391 449 707 875 1,379 57.6% 84.6%
Kuwait 6 6 25 38 36 33 -8.3%
Lebanon 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0%
United Arab Emirates 1
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Africa 819 2,372 8,563 10,462 11,558 15,280 18,525 17,633 -4.8% 22.2%
Algeria 19 29 8 11 10 8 -20.0%
Egypt 552 1,498 2,058 2,200 2,334 3,018 4,233 4,233 0.0% 10.9%
Ethiopia 759 782 533 847 609 608 -0.2%
Kenya 17 60 56 61 375 1,563 1,331 -14.8% 54.7%
Morocco 206 659 2,519 3,000 3,035 3,863 4,723 4,592 5,107 11.2% 20.5%
Namibia 1 1 1 1 5 18 18 18 0.0% 33.5%
Senegal 23 217 843.5%
South Africa 12 34 2,500 3,700 4,924 6,467 6,624 5,937 8,356 40.7% 64.9%
Tunisia 42 139 448 474 449 453 500 465 -7.0% 12.8%
Others Africa 6 24 199 220 209 228 222 224 0.9% 25.0%
(*)
(**)
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Asia - Pacific 11,748 77,064 245,699 312,612 382,522 467,893 518,850 580,622 11.9% 22.4%
Australia 885 5,052 11,467 12,199 12,597 15,164 17,712 20,396 24,535 20.3% 15.4%
Bangladesh 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0%
China 2,028 44,622 185,766 237,070 297,230 365,971 406,032 466,474 617,395 32.4% 27.0%
Hong Kong 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0%
India 6,211 19,657 35,075 48,281 54,994 65,710 70,949 67,418 75,744 12.3% 13.0%
Indonesia 4 4 6 6 190 484 475 437 -8.0% 53.2%
Japan 1,751 4,016 5,580 6,166 6,490 7,481 7,617 8,970 9,874 10.1% 8.5%
Mongolia 1 154 154 136 301 476 476 0.0% 85.3%
Nepal 6 6 6 6 7 7 0.0%
New Zealand 614 1,637 2,364 2,341 2,091 2,068 2,255 2,305 2,642 14.6% 4.4%
Pakistan 786 1,326 2,101 3,161 2,882 2,882 0.0%
Philippines 17 62 748 975 1,094 1,153 1,042 1,026 -1.5% 32.4%
South Korea 130 817 1,342 1,683 2,169 2,465 2,681 3,151 3,167 0.5% 13.1%
Sri Lanka 2 53 343 345 365 325 348 342 -1.7% 20.5%
Taiwan 91 1,026 1,526 1,458 1,722 1,707 1,892 2,421 28.0% 9.0%
Thailand 329 345 1,110 1,641 3,670 3,220 4,301 33.6%
Vietnam 50 124 201 350 487 724 982 35.6% 34.7%
Others Asia - Pacific 18 66 78 57 55 55 71 71 0.0% 0.7%
(*)
(**)
RENEWABLES 219
Countries(*)
(GWh)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020)** (2021-2010)**
Americas 20,044 108,570 260,090 315,947 355,051 387,548 426,320 482,224 13.1% 16.1%
Argentina 72 25 593 548 612 1,413 4,997 9,412 12,940 37.5% 76.5%
Bolivia 12 35 60 59 70 64 126 96.9%
Brazil 93 2,177 21,626 33,488 42,373 48,475 55,986 57,051 72,286 26.7% 37.5%
Canada 1,567 8,724 26,964 30,930 31,511 33,142 32,748 35,638 35,558 -0.2% 13.6%
Chile 7 332 2,115 2,449 3,521 3,588 4,897 5,602 7,222 28.9% 32.3%
Colombia 49 39 68 51 3 43 63 10 60 500.0% 4.0%
Costa Rica 204 359 1,080 1,147 1,288 1,799 1,796 1,459 1,573 7.8% 14.4%
Cuba 2 12 21 21 23 19 19 19 0.0% 4.7%
Curacao 71 63 124 130 169 234 208 191 -8.2% 11.7%
Dominican Republic 290 323 390 497 789 1,139 44.4%
Ecuador 3 99 84 73 80 86 77 62 -19.5% 31.7%
Guatemala 107 215 218 320 331 313 324 3.5%
Honduras 665 583 578 929 818 707 -13.6%
Jamaica 50 53 125 207 289 302 272 280 2.9% 18.1%
Mexico 19 1,239 8,745 10,378 10,442 12,877 16,880 19,702 20,896 6.1% 29.3%
Nicaragua 163 865 729 635 801 730 550 -24.7% 12.9%
Panama 419 625 491 588 725 584 -19.4%
Peru 1 1 595 1,063 1,073 1,502 1,654 1,813 1,811 -0.1% 97.8%
United States 17,881 95,148 192,992 229,471 257,249 275,834 298,200 341,818 384,237 12.4% 13.5%
Uruguay 70 2,065 2,994 3,774 4,732 4,752 5,476 4,989 -8.9% 47.4%
Venezuela 88 88 88 88 88 88 0.0%
Others Americas 28 162 432 388 191 226 211 231 9.5% 3.6%
(*)
(**)
Biofuels Production
Total Biofuels (*) 3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2021
681 1,904 2,320 2,627 2,740
Biogasoline (*) 3,000
(thousand barrels/day) 2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2021
603 1,531 1,754 1,778 1,808
Biodiesel (*) 3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2021
62 351 546 822 907
(*)
Data source: IEA (2022) Extended Balances and EIA DOE. All rights reserved.
Total Biofuels include biogasoline (also ethanol used pure in Brazil “Hydrous”), biodiesel and other liquid biofuels.
RENEWABLES 221
Biofuels Production
Total Biofuels (*) 1.4% NETHERLANDS

World: 2,740 thousand barrels/day
1.6% SPAIN
1.8% FRANCE
1.8% THAILAND
1.9% ARGENTINA
REST OF THE WORLD 13.0% 2.8% GERMANY
UNITED STATES 42.8% 3.6% CHINA
BRAZIL 23.5% 5.8% INDONESIA
Biogasoline (*) 0.6% HUNGARY

World: 1,808 thousand barrels/day
0.7% GERMANY
0.8% ARGENTINA
1.0% FRANCE
1.4% THAILAND
REST OF THE WORLD 12.4% 1.8% CANADA
UNITED STATES 51.1% 1.9% INDIA
BRAZIL 24.3% 3.9% CHINA
Biodiesel (*) 3.0% THAILAND

World: 907 thousand barrels/day
3.2% FRANCE
3.4% MALAYSIA
3.7% ARGENTINA
3.9% SPAIN
REST OF THE WORLD 20.5% 4.3% NETHERLANDS
UNITED STATES 20.8% 7.0% GERMANY
INDONESIA 17.4% 12.9% BRAZIL
(*)
Data source: IEA (2022) Extended Balances and EIA DOE. All rights reserved.
Total Biofuels include biogasoline (also ethanol used pure in Brazil “Hydrous”), biodiesel and other liquid biofuels.
Critical Minerals
COBALT
RESERVES
Countries
The World Top 10
World Cobalt Reserves
PRODUCTION
Countries
The World Top 10
World Cobalt Production
COPPER
NICKEL
RESERVES
Countries RESERVES
The World Top 10 Countries
World Copper Reserves The World Top 8
World Nickel Reserves
PRODUCTION PRODUCTION
Countries Countries
The World Top 10 The World Top 9
World Copper Production World Nickel Production
LITHIUM RARE EARTHS

RESERVES RESERVES
Countries Countries
World Lithium Reserves World Rare Earths Reserves
PRODUCTION PRODUCTION
Countries Countries
World Lithium Production World Rare Earths Production
Cobalt - Reserves
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 0.0% 0.0%
Brazil 35,000 89,000 78,000
Canada 130,000 150,000 240,000 270,000 250,000 250,000 230,000 220,000 220,000 0.0% 3.5%
China 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 0.0% 0.0%
Cuba 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 0.0% 0.0%
Dem. Rep. Congo 3,400,000 3,400,000 3,400,000 3,400,000 3,500,000 3,400,000 3,600,000 3,600,000 3,500,000 -2.8% 0.3%
Indonesia
600,000
Madagascar 130,000 130,000 150,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 100,000 0.0%
Morocco 20,000 20,000 17,000 18,000 14,000 13,000 -7.1% -3.8%
New Caledonia 230,000 370,000 200,000 64,000
Papua New Guinea 51000 56000 56000 51000 47,000 -7.8%
Philippines 250,000 290,000 280,000 280,000 260,000 260,000 260,000 0.0%
Russia 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 0.0% 0.0%
South Africa 31,000 29,000 29,000 24,000 50,000 40,000
United States 33,000 23,000 21,000 23,000 38,000 55,000 53,000 69,000 30.2% 6.9%
Zambia 270,000 270,000 270,000 270,000 270,000
Others 200,000 740,000 690,000 690,000 560,000 640,000 570,000 560,000 610,000 8.9% -1.7%

World (rounded) 7,000,000 7,300,000 7,100,000 7,000,000 7,100,000 6,900,000 7,000,000 7,100,000 7,600,000 7.0% 0.4%
0.9% UNITED STATES
1.0% CHINA
1.3% MADAGASCAR
2.9% CANADA
3.3% RUSSIA
3.4% PHILIPPINES
REST OF THE WORLD 8.8% 6.5% CUBA
DEM. REP. CONGO 45.8% 7.8% INDONESIA
AUSTRALIA 18.3%
(*)
Data source: U.S. Geological Survey.
CRITICAL MINERALS 225
Cobalt - Reserves
World Cobalt Reserves

(tons)
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Cobalt - Production
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 6,000 3,850 6,000 5,500 5,030 4,880 5,740 5,630 5,600 -0.5% 3.5%
Brazil 1,200 1,600
Canada 5,500 4,600 6,900 4,250 3,870 3,520 3,340 3,690 4,300 16.5% -0.6%
China 1,300 6,500 7,700 3,100 2,000 2,500 2,200 2,200 0.0% -9.4%
Cuba 3,600 3,600 4,300 4,200 5,000 3,500 3,800 3,800 3,900 2.6% 0.7%
Dem. Rep. Congo 22,000 47,400 63,000 64,000 73,000 104,000 100,000 98,000 120,000 22.4% 8.8%
Indonesia 1,100 2,100 90.9%
Madagascar 3,700 3,800 3,500 3,300 3,400 850 2,500 194.1%
Morocco 1,600 2,200 2,200 2,100 2,300 2,300 2,300 0.0% 0.4%
New Caledonia 1,200 1,000 3,680 3,390 2,100
Papua New Guinea 2,190 3,310 3,280 2,910 2,940 3,000 2.0%
Philippines 4,300 4,100 4,600 4,600 5,100 4,500 4,500 0.0%
Russia 5,000 6,200 6,200 5,500 5,900 6,100 6,300 9,000 7,600 -15.6% 1.9%
South Africa 3,000 2,300 2,300 2,300 2,100
United States 760 690 640 490 500 600 700 16.7%
Zambia 9,300 5,700 4,600 3,000
Others 1,200 6,800 11,600 7,600 7,650 5,540 6,320 7,640 6,600 -13.6% -0.3%
World (rounded) 57,900 89,500 126,000 111,000 120,000 148,000 144,000 142,000 170,000 19.7% 6.0%
1.3% CHINA
1.4% MOROCCO
1.5% MADAGASCAR
1.8% PAPUA NEW GUINEA
REST OF THE WORLD 5.7% 2.4% CUBA
DEM. REP. CONGO 72.6% 2.6% CANADA
2.7% PHILIPPINES
3.4% AUSTRALIA
4.6% RUSSIA
(*)
Cobalt - Production
World Cobalt Production

(tons)
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Copper - Reserves
Countries(*)
(thousand tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 24,000 80,000 88,000 89,000 88,000 88,000 87,000 88,000 93,000 5.7% 1.4%
Canada 7,000 8,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 9,000 9,800 8.9% 1.9%
Chile 140,000 150,000 210,000 210,000 170,000 170,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 0.0% 2.6%
China 26,000 30,000 30,000 28,000 27,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 26,000 0.0% -1.3%
Dem. Rep. Congo 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 19,000 19,000 31,000 63.2%
Germany 2,000
Indonesia 35,000 30,000 26,000 51,000 28,000 24,000 -2.0%
Kazakhstan 14,000 18,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0.0% 1.0%
Mexico 27,000 38,000 46,000 46,000 46,000 50,000 53,000 53,000 53,000 0.0% 3.1%
Peru 30,000 90,000 82,000 81,000 81,000 83,000 87,000 92,000 77,000 -16.3% -1.4%
Poland 30,000 26,000
32,000 31,000 -3.1% 1.6%
Russia 20,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 61,000 61,000 61,000 62,000 1.6% 6.8%
United States 35,000 35,000 33,000 35,000 45,000 48,000 51,000 48,000 48,000 0.0% 2.9%
Zambia 19,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 19,000 19,000 21,000 21,000 0.0% 0.4%
Others 60,000 80,000 150,000 150,000 260,000 210,000 220,000 200,000 180,000 -10.0% 7.7%
World (rounded) 470,000 630,000 720,000 720,000 790,000 830,000 870,000 870,000 880,000 1.1% 3.1%
2.7% INDONESIA
3.0% CHINA
3.5% DEM. REP. CONGO
3.5% POLAND
REST OF THE WORLD 26.4% 5.5% UNITED STATES
CHILE 22.8% 6.1% MEXICO
AUSTRALIA 10.6% 7.1% RUSSIA
8.8% PERU
(*)
Copper - Reserves
World Copper Reserves

(thousand
1,000,000tons)
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Copper - Production
Countries(*)
(thousand tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 927 870 971 948 860 920 934 885 900 1.7% 0.3%
Canada 567 525 697 708 573 585 590 0.9% 1.1%
Chile 5,320 5,420 5,760 5,550 5,500 5,830 5,790 5,730 5,600 -2.3% 0.3%
China 755 1,190 1,710 1,900 1,710 1,590 1,680 1,720 1,800 4.7% 3.8%
Dem. Rep. Congo 343 1,020 846 1,090 1,230 1,290 1,600 1,800 12.5% 16.3%
Indonesia 1,070 872 727 622 651 505 810 60.4% -0.7%
Kazakhstan 402 380 603 562 552 520 -5.8% 2.9%
Mexico 429 260 594 752 742 751 715 733 720 -1.8% 9.7%
Peru 1,010 1,250 1,700 2,350 2,450 2,400 2,460 2,150 2,200 2.3% 5.3%
Poland 523 425 399 393 390 -0.8% -0.8%
Russia 700 703 732 705 751 801 810 820 1.2% 1.4%
United States 1,140 1,110 1,380 1,430 1,260 1,220 1,260 1,200 1,200 0.0% 0.7%
Zambia 436 690 712 763 794 854 797 853 820 -3.9% 1.6%
Others 1,720 1,900 3,800 4,160 4,250 3,540 3,100 2,840 2,800 -1.4% 3.6%

World (rounded) 15,000 15,900 19,100 20,100 20,000 20,400 20,400 20,600 21,000 1.9% 2.6%
3.4% MEXICO
3.9% INDONESIA
3.9% RUSSIA
4.0% ZAMBIA
4.3% AUSTRALIA
5.7% UNITED STATES

REST OF THE WORLD 20.5%
8.6% CHINA
CHILE 26.7%
8.6% DEM. REP. CONGO
PERU 10.5%
(*)
Copper - Production
World Copper Production

(thousand tons)
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Lithium - Reserves
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Argentina 850,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,700,000 1,900,000 2,200,000 15.8% 9.0%
Australia 160,000 580,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 2,700,000 2,700,000 2,800,000 4,700,000 5,700,000 21.3% 23.1%
Brazil 190,000 64,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 54,000 95,000 95,000 95,000 0.0% 3.7%
Canada 180,000
370,000 530,000 -100.0%
Chile 3,000,000 7,500,000 7,500,000 7,500,000 7,500,000 8,000,000 8,600,000 9,200,000 9,200,000 0.0% 1.9%
China 540,000 3,500,000 3,200,000 3,200,000 3,200,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 0.0% -7.4%
Portugal 10,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 0.0% 17.7%
United States 38,000 38,000 38,000 38,000 35,000 35,000 630,000 750,000 750,000 0.0% 31.1%
Zimbabwe 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 70,000 230,000 220,000 220,000 0.0% 22.8%
Others
1,100,000 2,100,000 2,700,000 28.6%
World (rounded) 4,100,000 13,000,000 14,000,000 14,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 17,000,000 21,000,000 22,000,000 4.8% 4.9%
0.3% PORTUGAL
0.4% BRAZIL
1.0% ZIMBABWE
3.3% UNITED STATES
6.7% CHINA
9.8% ARGENTINA
25.4% AUSTRALIA
REST OF THE WORLD 12..0%
CHILE 41.0%
(*)
Lithium - Reserves
World Lithium Reserves

(tons)
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Lithium - Production
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Argentina 1,980 2,950 3,600 5,800 5,700 6,400 6,300 5,900 6,200 5.1% 7.0%
Australia 3,770 9,260 14,100 14,000 40,000 58,800 45,000 39,700 55,000 38.5% 17.6%
Brazil 242 160 200 200 200 300 2,400 1,420 1,500 5.6% 22.6%
Canada 707
2,400 200
Chile 8,270 10,510 10,500 14,300 14,200 17,000 19,300 21,500 26,000 20.9% 8.6%
China 2,820 3,950 2,000 2,300 6,800 7,100 10,800 13,300 14,000 5.3% 12.2%
Namibia 500
Portugal 320 800 200 400 800 800 900 348 900 158.6% 1.1%
Russia 2,200
Zimbabwe 260 470 900 1,000 800 1,600 1,200 417 1,200 187.8% 8.9%
World (rounded) 20,600 28,100 31,500 38,000 69,000 95,000 86,000 82,500 100,000 21.2% 12.2%
0.9% PORTUGAL
1.1% ZIMBABWE
1.4% BRAZIL
5.9% ARGENTINA
13.4% CHINA
AUSTRALIA 52.5%
CHILE 24.8%
(*)
Lithium - Production
World Lithium Production

(tons)
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Nickel - Reserves
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 22,000,000 24,000,000 19,000,000 19,000,000 19,000,000 19,000,000 20,000,000 20,000,000 21,000,000 5.0% -1.2%
Botswana 490,000 490,000
Brazil 4,500,000 8,700,000 10,000,00010,000,00012,000,000 11,000,00011,000,000 16,000,000 16,000,000 0.0% 5.7%
Canada 4,900,000 3,800,000 2,900,000 2,900,000 2,700,000 2,700,000 2,600,000 2,800,000 2,000,000 -28.6% -5.7%
China 1,100,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,900,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 2,800,000 0.0% -0.6%
Colombia 830,000 1,600,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 440,000
Cuba 5,600,000 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000
Dominican Republic 720,000 960,000
Greece 490,000
Guatemala 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000
Indonesia 3,200,000 3,900,000 4,500,000 4,500,000 4,500,000 21,000,00021,000,000 21,000,000 21,000,000 16.5%
Madagascar 1,300,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000 1,600,000
New Caledonia 4,400,000 7,100,000 8,400,000 6,700,000
Philippines 940,000 3,100,000 4,800,000 4,800,000 4,800,000 4,800,000 4,800,000 4,800,000 0.0%
Russia 6,600,000 6,000,000 7,900,000 7,600,000 7,600,000 7,600,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 7,500,000 8.7% 2.0%
South Africa 3,700,000 3,700,000 3,700,000 3,700,000 3,700,000 3,700,000
United States 160,000 160,000 130,000 110,000 110,000 100,000 340,000 240.0%
Venezuela 560,000 490,000
Zimbabwe 15,000
Others 2,100,000 4,500,000 6,500,000 6,500,000 6,500,000 6,500,00014,000,000 14,000,000 20,000,000 42.9% 14.5%

World (rounded) 62,000,000 76,000,000 79,000,000 78,000,000 74,000,000 89,000,000 89,000,000 94,000,000 95,000,000 1.1% 2.0%

0.4% UNITED STATES
2.1% CANADA
2.9% CHINA
5.0% PHILIPPINES
7.9% RUSSIA
16.8% BRAZIL
REST OF THE WORLD 21.0%
INDONESIA 22.0%
AUSTRALIA 22.0%
(*)
Nickel - Reserves
World Nickel Reserves

(tons)
100,000,000
90,000,000
80,000,000
70,000,000
60,000,000
50,000,000
40,000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
10,000,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Nickel - Production
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 189,000 170,000 222,000 204,000 179,000 170,000 159,000 169,000 160,000 -5.3% -0.5%
Botswana 28,000 28,000
Brazil 52,000 59,100 160,000 160,000 78,600 74,400 60,600 77,100 100,000 29.7% 4.9%
Canada 198,000 158,000 235,000 236,000 214,000 176,000 181,000 167,000 130,000 -22.2% -1.8%
China 77,000 79,000 92,900 98,000 103,000 110,000 120,000 120,000 120,000 0.0% 3.9%
Colombia 89,000 72,000 40,400 41,600 45,500
Cuba 72,000 70,000 56,400 51,600 52,800 51,000 49,200
Dominican Republic 46,000
56,900
Finland
34,600
Greece 23,200
Guatemala
52,400 54,000 53,700
Indonesia 160,000 232,000 130,000 199,000 345,000 606,000 853,000 771,000 1,000,000 29.7% 14.2%
Madagascar 15,000 45,000 49,000 41,700
New Caledonia 112,000 130,000 186,000 207,000 215,000 216,000 208,000 200,000 190,000 -5.0% 3.5%
Philippines 26,600 173,000 554,000 347,000 366,000 345,000 323,000 334,000 370,000 10.8% 7.2%
Russia 315,000 269,000 269,000 222,000 214,000 272,000 279,000 283,000 250,000 -11.7% -0.7%
South Africa 42,500 40,000 56,700 49,000 48,400
Spain
United States 27,200 24,100 22,100 17,800 13,500 16,700 18,000 7.8%
Venezuela 20,000
Zimbabwe 9,500
Others 25,000 99,000 157,000 150,000 146,000 366,000 310,000 373,000 410,000 9.9% 13.8%

World (rounded) 1,490,000 1,590,000 2,280,000 2,090,000 2,160,000 2,400,000 2,610,000 2,510,000 2,700,000 7.6% 4.9%

0.7% UNITED STATES
3.6% BRAZIL
4.4% CHINA
4.7% CANADA
5.8% AUSTRALIA
REST OF THE WORLD 14.9% 6.9% NEW CALEDONIA
INDONESIA 36.4% 9.1% RUSSIA
PHILIPPINES 13.5%
(*)
Nickel - Production
World Nickel Production

(tons)
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rare Earths - Reserves
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 5,200,000 1,600,000 3,200,000 3,400,000 3,400,000 3,400,000 3,300,000 4,100,000 4,000,000 -2.4% 8.7%
Brazil 48,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 21,000,000 21,000,000 0.0% 73.8%
Canada 830,000 830,000 830,000 830,000 830,000 0.0%
China 27,000,000 55,000,000 55,000,000 44,000,000 44,000,000 44,000,000 44,000,000 44,000,000 44,000,000 0.0% -2.0%
Commonwealth
19,000,000 19,000,000
of Indipendent States**
Greenland
1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 0.0%
India 1,100,000 3,100,000 3,100,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 6,900,000 0.0% 7.5%
Malawi
136,000 140,000
Malaysia 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
Russia 18,000,000 18,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 12,000,000 21,000,000 75.0%
South Africa 860,000 860,000 790,000 790,000 790,000 0.0%
Tanzania 890,000
United States 13,000,000 13,000,000 1,800,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 1,800,000 20.0% -16.5%
Vietnam 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 22,000,000 0.0%
Others 22,000,000 22,000,000 41,000,000 4,400,000 310,000 310,000 280,000 -9.7% -32.7%
World (rounded) 88,000,000 110,000,000 130,000,000 120,000,000 120,000,000 120,000,000 120,000,000 120,000,000 120,000,000 0.0% 0.8%
0.7% CANADA
0.7% TANZANIA
1.2% GREENLAND
1.4% UNITED STATES
3.2% AUSTRALIA
REST OF THE WORLD 0.8% 5.5% INDIA
CHINA 35.2% 16.8% BRAZIL
VIETNAM 17.6% 16.8% RUSSIA
(*) Data source: U.S. Geological Survey.

(**) The aggregate includes the following States according to international definitions: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazaktstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. However, some of these countries may not produce rare earths.
Rare Earths - Reserves
World Rare Earths Reserves

(tons)
140,000,000
120,000,000
100,000,000
80,000,000
60,000,000
40,000,000
20,000,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rare Earths - Production
Countries(*)
(tons)
∆ y/y CAGR
2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 (2021-2020) (2021-2010)
Australia 12,000 15,000 19,000 21,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 4.8%

Brazil 550 880 2,200 1,700 1,100 710 600 500 -16.7% -0.9%
Burundi 630 200 300 100 -66.7%
China 119,000 130,000 105,000 105,000 105,000 120,000 132,000 140,000 168,000 20.0% 2.4%
India 2,700 2,800 1,700 1,500 1,800 2,900 2,900 2,900 2,900 0.0% 0.3%
Madagascar 2,000 4,000 2,800 3,200 14.3%
Malaysia 750 30 500 300 180
Myanmar
19,000 25,000 31,000 26,000 -16.1%
Russia 2,800 2,800 2,600 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 0.0%
Thailand 760 1,600 1,300 1,000 1,900 3,600 8,000 122.2%
United States 5,900
18,000 28,000 39,000 43,000 10.3%
Vietnam 250 220 200 920 1,300 700 400 -42.9%
Others 400 60 66 100 300 200.0%
World (rounded) 123,000 133,000 130,000 129,000 132,000 190,000 220,000 240,000 280,000 16.7% 7.0%
0.1% VIETNAM
0.2% BRAZIL
1.0% RUSSIA
1.0% INDIA
REST OF THE WORLD 0.1% 1.2% MADAGASCAR
CHINA 60.6% 2.9% THAILAND
7.9% AUSTRALIA
9.4% MYANMAR
15.5% UNITED STATES
(*)
Rare Earths - Production
World Rare Earths Production

(tons)
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
05
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
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Wo r l d

Introduction Oil - Supply and Demand Oil - Production Quality

Oil - Trade and Prices 95 ASIA - PACIFIC

Natural Gas - Renewables Critical Minerals

175 NATURAL GAS BALANCE - ITALY

176 NATURAL GAS PRICES

NOTES AND METHODS

WORLD ENERGY MIX

Europe Middle East Asia - Pacific North America

Notes and Methods

Supply and Demand - Trade and Prices

Quality levels - API gravity and sulphur content

Conversion type Conversion type

Natural Gas - Renewables

World Energy Mix

World Energy Mix 2021(*)

World Power Generation Mix 2021(*)

3% OIL AND OTHER

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

Areas and Aggregates(*)

World Oil Reserves (2021)

8% RUSSIA and C. ASIA

12% NORTH AMERICA

19% CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

MIDDLE EAST 50%

World Oil Reserves Growth (2005-2021)

2005-2010 -50,000 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

RUSSIA and C. ASIA

CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

The World Top 10 Reserves Holders(*)

The World Top 10 (2021)

Areas and Aggregates(*)

World Oil Production (2021)

MIDDLE EAST 31% 4% EUROPE

NORTH AMERICA 25% 8% AFRICA

RUSSIA and C. ASIA 15% 8% ASIA - PACIFIC

9% CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

World Oil Production Growth (2005-2021)

-4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA

RUSSIA and C. ASIA

The World Top 10 Producers(*)

The World Top 10 (2021)

Albania 7 13 23 19 17 16 18 17 16 -6.8% 2.0%

The World Top 10 Natural Gas Liquids Producers(*)

The World Top 10 (2021)

3.3% 6.1% 7.1% 7.3% 13.3% 39.1%

Areas and Aggregates(*)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

OPEC 73 96 90 88 88 88 97 111 108

Reserves/Production Ratio (2021)

CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA 117 EUROPE 11

MIDDLE EAST 85 ASIA - PACIFIC 17

RUSSIA AND C. ASIA 29

The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio(*)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Iran 89 98 121 98 90 94 174 196 168

The World Top 10 (2021)

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Russia and Central Asia 28 29 28 28 28 28 28 30 29

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

ICE Brent Price 1 Month() WTI vs Brent 1 Month Differential()