ASSIGNMENT SUBJECT: MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE

ANSWER 1:

Situation 1:

Introduction:

Rosette diamonds is a huge multinational company consisting of five production units. All
the five production units are managed by Shamim, and he is accountable for making working
schedule for all the employees working in the different manufacturing units. These units
comprise every type of employee such as full time, part-time and on contractual basis.
Therefore, an effective decision is to be made that benefits the organization and also
maintains the efficiency of employees, an effective decision refers to select that organization
department that can represent as decision-making unit.

Concept and analysis:

For any decision-making, it is important to consider all the employees and their opinions or
views must be considered. For a good organizational choice, every choice or opinion should
be considered who is a part of the organization. To make decision is an important parameter
to run the operational projects of an organization. There are many daily operations that take
place in an organization for their effective and smooth run of an organization. An operational
manager is required that make ensures all the daily operations are completing on time and
also make ensure all the task are effective. To achieve the required business goals and
objectives, manager should make decisions by carefully analyzing the best alternatives and it
must have a positive impact on the organization functioning. Ineffective operational decisions
can hamper the company’s daily operational activities; thus, such decisions should be made
that supports business strategy. The main challenge is to assign the particular task to the best
fit employer for efficient work flow that involves selection making. Manager needs to
consider every parameter for smooth running of organization and analysis should be done
before reaching to any decision. Whether all the operations are taking place effectively or not
depends upon the logical decisions made by management authorities. Therefore, management
authorities can transfer its employees from one work to other, any compensation plan or
reassigning the work to employees for the benefit of company.
Conclusion:

During decision-making, the concerned authority has to analyze, find better alternatives to
avoid the repercussions and ultimately, that adds value to business of organization. One has to
be very cautious for implementation of any decisions so that organization can be saved from
unnecessary losses and ensure smooth functioning along with growth in business.

Situation 2

Introduction:

As described, Rosette diamonds has to shut down its unit for temporary time due to pandemic
situation. While, the top authorities know the fact that company will be back once the
situation normalizes, but during this time they don’t want to let their employees, therefore,
they have to make some strategic judgements for the current situations. Employees need to
have faith in their organization. Some strategic judgements need to be implemented so that
current resources can be effectively utilized, company growth can be maintained during this
difficult time.

Concept and analysis:

According to current scenarios, since company don’t have projects for all the employees, then
they need to provide some motivation to the employees so that their employees stay in the
organization. Strategic decisions are made by top authorities of organization and mangers that
linked to mission and vision of the organization. Such decisions are for long term and utilize
for the quick benefits of organization. As addressed in this situation, company don’t want to
let their employees go off. Thus, in critical situation like this, company need to take some
decisions that can tackle this complex situation by employing some strategies. The company
needs to utilize the man power available and needs to assign them tasks in the units available.
For a transient period, the nature of work may change for the employee, but it will motivate
him/her to stay in the organization. Focus should be on the other alternatives so that
company get assign some tasks to the employees that help in accomplishing business goals
and objectives. Weekly meeting should happen that welcomes the innovative strategies and
new ideas so that company growth can be achieved during this tough with minimum business
loss. For example, to design new product or design strategies to launch new product in the
market require lot of brainstorming. Thus, such time can be utilized for long term and
consistent progress of the company. In this way, managers can handle such situation in a very
calm way and new ideas will lead to implication of new business strategies benefitting the
organization in such tough times.

Conclusion:

During difficult times, the company’s goal should not be diverted from its mission and vision.
In fact, these times test the capabilities of the manager / team leader. Strategic
decision-making is the best concept that can be applied in this case for the benefit of the
company existence and long-term growth. They allow one to find new future business
possibilities and the direction of company’s growth also. Though strategic decisions are risky
and if not implemented correctly, the company can suffer a huge loss, but risk is a part of
business. Thus, one should be careful while making any strategic decisions for the
organization.

ANSWER 2:

Introduction:

Bhavi automobiles is a company of automobiles. Jimmy and Charmi are working as

marketing managers in Bhavi company. They started their respective job profile in the same
time in the company. Jimmy is responsible to look over the luxury high motor cars while
charmi is looking over SUV car. Since jimmy is involved in high-priced cars, therefore,
Jimmy gets more incentives and more perks in comparison with Charmi. Since such
discrepancy exist between Jimmy and Charmi, therefore, Charmi feel demotivated
sometimes. Moreover, on some day jimmy and charmi meets on lunch, them charmi gets to
know from jimmy that jimmy is not satisfied with his work and will be joining the competitor
enterprises who are providing better perks and incentives for luxury cars rather than bhavi
automobiles. Now, in this scenario the equity of theory can be applied, like Jimmy is getting
better incentives that why he is quitting Bhavi automobile and joining other enterprises. That
means his ratio of efforts invested is not going in balance with the rewards he is receiving,
that’s why he is motivated to join some other firm and is unhappy with the current workplace.
Similarly, his decision can impact the efforts of Charmi also.

Concept and Analysis:

Like as here equity of theory of motivation can be applied, the organization need to give
equal motivation to all of its employees. By the concept of equality, it is meant that equality
is linked with an individual motivation and fairness, whether it is inside or outside a job. The
better and the righteous efforts of the person is tied to, the greater the influence and
appreciative attribute. Suppose, the employees get benefits from its own organization at all
the levels, without any comparison with the other. And make employees realize that
organization is fair, treating all the employees on equal basis without any discrimination.
Further, if the employee does not get the preferred outcomes by putting immense efforts for
some work, then those efforts can be pull out and better alternatives can be considered for the
achievement of outcome. Similarly, for example, employee of organization A compares its
benefits received against the benefits gained by employee of organization B and on
comparison they found out that they are receiving fair treatment from organization maintains
their faith in the organization. Like comparison can be of many things such among
employees, for example, the number of working hours as input and amount of salary as
output or the employee's work responsibilities (as input) and incentives (output) . Now,
comparison can be of four types namely, other-outside, self-inside, other-inside, and
self-outside. Thus, if an organization needs to keep their employees, then they need to give
equal fair treatment to all of its employees. The ratio of efforts and benefits should be in
equal proportion, describes the equity. If there is any disproportion in the efforts and benefits
received, then this can demotivate the employee and may result in dissatisfaction and
demotivation. This may affect the organization performance, negative work atmosphere
among the employees. The employee should be rewarded or appreciated with time to time by
providing incentives, uncommon benefits promotions, recognitions or best performer of the
month like rewards so that employee can realize that their work is being valued, appreciated,
and It's worthful to invest their time and efforts in such organization. This will not only
inspire or influence other employee, but also keeps the organization work atmosphere
healthy. On contrary to this, there are employees who will consider themselves that they are
being mistreated or there is biasedness then it may result into resignation or unhealthy
comparison with other employee and lack of motivation to continue in that firm.
Conclusion

For the existence and continuous growth of an organization, the company needs to maintain
the healthy atmosphere among the employees of an organization. To maintain this steady
state, the company need to motivate their employees so that they can realize that they are
being rewarded and unbiasedness exist in an organization. If an employee observes that other
employee (outside or inside an organization) gets more recognition than it may result into
dissatisfaction and under appreciation affecting the overall organization performance. Thus,
Adam’s theory of equity can be applied that keeps the employee motivated toward their
respective work.

ANSWER 3(A):

Introduction:

Japan lights are unit of electricals brand, namely, Brizz electricals. There are 120 workers
involved in Japan light for assembly purpose. All the assembly work was done using manual
assembling machine, which was replaced by automatic assembly lines. This replacement
decision was not taken positive by 80% of the workers and there was strike to oppose this
automation process. All the workers were not consulted before the implication of any
decision. Progression is always resisted, and adaptation to change is not easy. To enhance
business operations, this change is also necessary

Concept and analysis:

Resistance to change always exist, but with time change should be adapted and embraced for
the betterment of trade operations. For example, shifting of machines runned by manpower to
automation of machines in many industries. This led to strikes, reduction in manpower,
parallelly, advancements in science. The response and adaption to change takes time, and
learning the change is not easy and acceptable. Initially, supervisors and managers have to
pay a heavy price for the change, but gradually it proves advantageous to the business
operations. In the current situation described, here two resistances can be applied:
Rational resistance: When there is a lack of relevant information, then such type of resistance
occurs. When people are not well-informed and well aware about the change to be taking
place, then there is misinformation and this type of resistance takes place. Like in this case,
workers were not well-informed about the automation process, thus resulting into strikes.
However, relevant information should be given to workers prior to automation.
Intellectual Resistance: Since change is unacceptable at the moment, thus there is anxiety,
fear, insecurity of losing skills, or fear of getting upgrade. With all this, intellectual resistance
comes into the scenario. There is hat redness towards management, mental fear, doubt on
self-capabilities, employees has a feeling that they are useless, and they will get replaced by
machines. Proper training programs and education can make them adaptable to change.
Further, it can also bring positivity for the change.

Conclusion:

Every industry is subjected to change sooner or later. Initially, change is resisted and is hard
to accept, but gradually positive outcomes of change can dissolve the negative attitude
towards the change. Resistance can be rational or intellectual that can harm an individual at
person level. Fear, anxiety can make them intolerable for change. The change is for all
whether it is manufacturing unit laborers or office employee or any top authorities. Any new
thing takes time to adapt but once it starts showing its positive outcome with minimum after
effects is accepted with time.

ANSWER 3(B):

Introduction:

To manage resistance, regarding the change following ways can be utilized like facilitation,
good education and proper training, motivation and involvement. Though there is emotional
loss, fear and anxiety but all can be overcome by embracing the change. Like in this problem,
workers can upgrade their skills by making them aware about the new automation process. So
that their fear of being replaced with machines can be overcome.
Concept and analysis:

Good Education and Proper training: Educating people and constructing useful discussion
information advantages the people to overcome resistance. Managers should focus on the
need for the change and proper addressing should be done to the employees. Weekly
meetings, regular communication and programs that emphasize the change should be taken
into practice to make it adaptable to change and overcome resistance.

Motivation: Since people get habitual to the work, they are performing, that is why they
resist new change and are demotivated. Thus, to bring change in current practices, the
manager or team leader should motivate employees and address the benefits of the change so
that they will feel motivated to accept the change rather than resisting it. In fact, new skills
required to be learned should be implemented so that employees get fully motivated to learn
anything new.

Involvement: The suggestion or opinion is very important factor to implement any change.
Manager or top authorities should welcome the valuable suggestions or any perspective from
all the employees before any implementation of the change so that minimum resistance takes
place and benefits the organization growth. The problems coming on the way during
implementation of change should be discussed on daily basis to monitor the change.

Conclusion:
The manager or team leader can play a significant role in bringing acceptance to change and
overcoming the resistance. Change is advantageous for the organization if well implemented
and why it is needed has been well-informed to the employees. Since every trade gets
upgrade with time, change is necessary and its necessity should be addressed by the
concerned authorities. The process of to overcome resistance from change is not easy to
accomplish, but it is not difficult also if it is handled carefully by the managers.