Technical Report

A
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
SIWES (STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME)
AT THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND HEADQUARTERS, MIANGO

ROAD, JOS.
BY
KURE JOSHUA MELA (UJ/2018/EN/0249)
SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF

ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF JOS, PLATEAU STATE.
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

B.ENG
DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.
SEPTEMBER 2023
1
DECLARATION
I, Kure Joshua Mela, confirm that I have personally compiled this comprehensive report detailing my
experiences during my SIWES Industrial Training at the Industrial Training Fund Headquarters. I declare
that this report and all its contents have not been previously submitted to any institution of learning for
the purpose of obtaining any degree. All citations and sources of information used in this report have been
clearly acknowledged through proper referencing.
2
APPROVAL
This is to certify that I, KURE JOSHUA MELA with matriculation number UJ/2018/EN/0249, compiled
this report based on my Student's Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) carried out at the
Industrial Training Fund headquarters from July 2022 to September 2022.
DR. M.I Alfa
Departmental Supervisor Signature & Date
Mr. P. Yohanna
Departmental SIWES Coordinator Signature & Date
Dr. M.I Alfa
Head of Department Signature & Date
3
DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to the almighty God who has sustained me throughout the SIWES program. I would
also like to dedicate this report to my parents CDRE & Mrs. S.J Kure, my siblings Joanna and Joel. God
bless you all.
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to God for His grace, provision, sustenance, and protection throughout my SIWES program.
I am also thankful for my loving and supportive parents, CDRE & Mrs. Kure, who have provided me with
everything I need. To my dear siblings Joanna and Joel, thank you for your prayers and encouragement. I
love you all.
I would like to express my gratitude to the management and staff of the estate management unit at the
Industrial Training Fund headquarters, particularly Engr. H.V Ula and Mr. Ibrahim Abdullahi, for their
support, understanding, and assistance.
Furthermore, I acknowledge the Head of the Civil Engineering department, Dr. M.I Alfa, the
departmental SIWES coordinator, Mr. P. Yohanna, and all my lecturers for imparting valuable knowledge
to me.
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration II
Approval III
Dedication IV
Acknowledgement V
Table of Contents VI
Abstract VIII
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1 Brief History about SIWES 9
1.2 Aim of SIWES 9
1.3 Objectives of SIWES 9
1.4 Duration of SIWES 9
1.5 History and Background of Organization 10
1.5.1 Industrial Training Fund Headquarters (ITF) 11
1.5.2 ITF Mandate 11
1.5.3 Organization structure 12
1.5.4 Estate Management Unit 13
CHAPTER TWO:
2.1 Work done during SIWES 14
2.2 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 14
2.2.1 Types of CAD 14
2.3 AutoCAD 15
2.3.1 Understanding AutoCAD User Interface 16
2.3.2 AutoCAD Terminologies and Commands 17
2.3.3 Work done using AutoCAD 18
6
2.4 Building Information Model (BIM) 20
2.4.1 BIM levels 20
2.5 ProtaStructure 21
2.5.1 Understanding ProtaStructure User Interface 22
2.6 Work done using ProtaStructure 23
2.6.1 Details about Concrete Structure 24
2.6.2 Details about Steel Structure 28
CHAPTER THREE:
3.1 Skills Learned 36
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.1 Problems Encountered and Solutions Proffered 37
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.1 Conclusion 38
REFERENCES 39
7
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes the experience during the two-month Student Industrial Work Experience
Scheme
(SIWES) at the headquarters of the Industrial Training Fund on Miango Road in Jos. It explains the
purpose of the SIWES program, the organization worked with, and the technical work completed,
including the processes, analysis, and results. Additionally, it discusses the knowledge and skills gained
during the program, the challenges faced, and the solutions developed to overcome them.
8
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skills training programme designed to
prepare and familiarize students of universities, polytechnics, Colleges of Technology, Colleges of
Agriculture and Colleges of Education to the industrial work environment they are likely to meet after
graduation.
Before the establishment of the programme, there was a growing concern that graduates of higher
institutions lacked adequate practical knowledge and that the theoretical education in higher institutions
was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labour.
In 1973, The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) established the SIWES program. In 1974, it was officially
presented and approved by the Federal government. However, the ITF withdrew from the program due to
financial constraints in 1978. So in 1979, the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National
Board for Technical Education (NBTE) took over the management of the program.
1.2 AIM OF SIWES
The aim of SIWES is to equip students with the necessary practical knowledge and technical skills for
self-employment and effective involvement in Nigeria's industrial growth.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The objectives of SIWES are:
 To provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in actual work situations,
bridging the gap between theory and practice.
 To prepare students for employment after graduation.
 Enlist and strengthen Employers involvement in the entire educational process.
 The programme teaches the students on how to interact effectively with other workers and
supervisors under various conditions in the organization.
1.4 DURATION OF SIWES
The SIWES programme took place from the 10th of July to 8th of September. During this time I received
training in the estate management unit of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) under supervision of Engr.
H.V Ula. I worked from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. every weekday during training.
9
1.5 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF ORGANIZATION
The Industrial Training Fund was established by Decree No. 47 of 8th October, 1971, with the aim of
“promoting and encouraging the acquisition of skills in industry and commerce with a view to generating
a pool of indigenous manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the economy”. The Industrial Training
Fund is a Parastatal with a grade 'A' operating under the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and
Investment. It has been working as a specialist agency for the past 50 years to encourage and promote the
acquisition of industrial and commercial skills necessary for national economic growth. The vision of ITF
is to be the foremost skills training and development organization in Nigeria and one of the best in the
world while the mission is to set and regulate training standards and offer direct training intervention in
industrial and commercial skills training and development using a corps of highly competent professional
staff, modern techniques and technology. The objective for which the Fund was established has been
pursued vigorously and efficaciously.
The organization operates with fourteen (14) departments and two (2) units at the headquarters, forty (40)
area offices, four (4) skills training centres, and a centre for industrial training excellence. It is governed
by a council of thirteen (13) members appointed by the supervising minister of industry, trade and
investment. It comprises of:
 The Chairman
 The Director- General
 One representative each from the following federal ministries
i. Industry
ii. Labour and Employment
iii. Education
iv. Budget and Planning
 One representative of the Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association
 The National Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture
 The Nigerian Labour Congress
 The Manufactures’ Association of Nigeria
 One person with extensive knowledge of and close association with the Industrial Training Fund
 Two persons who shall not come from same State, to represent the States in rotation for two years
at a time.
The Federal Government will appoint a Governing Council consisting of thirteen members from both
the public and private sectors. This decision is based on the cooperative nature of the enterprise and
the importance of collaboration among private employers, organized labor, and training providers and
users. The Council will be responsible for managing the Fund, identifying training needs, and
devising effective training policies and systems.
10
1.5.1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND HEADQUARTERS
The ITF headquarters is located in Miango road, Jos, Plateau state. It comprises of fourteen (14)
departments and two units headed by the Director-General.
 Directorate
 Administration and Human Resource Department (AHRD)
 Corporate Planning Department (CPD)
 Business Training Development Department (BTDD)
 Finance and Accounts Department (FAD)
 Field Services Department (FSD)
 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department
 Internal Audit Department (IAD)
 Legal and Council Affairs Department (LCAD)
 Procurement Department (PD)
 Public Affairs Department (PAD)
 Research and Curriculum Development Department (R&CDD)
 Revenue, Inspectorate and Compliance Department (RI&CD)
 Standardization, Certification and Consultancy Services Department (SC&CSD)
 Technical and Vocational Skills Training Department (TVSTD)
 SERVICOM Unit
 Estate Management Unit
1.5.2 ITF MANDATE
The Fund was specifically charged with the mandate to:
 Provide, promote and encourage the acquisition of Skills in industry and commerce with a view
to generating a pool of indigenous trained manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the private
and public sectors of the economy;
 Provide training for skills in Management for technical and entrepreneurial development in the
public and private sectors of the economy;
 Set training standards in all sectors of the economy and monitor adherence; and
 Evaluate and certify vocational skills acquired by apprentices, craftsmen and technicians in
collaboration with relevant organizations.
11
1.5.3 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Service Delivery
Director-General
SERVICOM Unit Ethics, Compliance
and Integrity Sub-
Unit
Project Monitoring
Estate
Management Unit
Estate Management
services
Administ Research
Business Informati Revenue,
ration Finance Legal and and
Corporate Training Field on and Internal Procurem Public Inspector
and and Council Curriculu
Planning Develop Services Communi Audit ent Affairs ate and
Human Accounts Affairs m
Departme ment Departme cation Departme Departme Departme Complia
Resource Departme Departme Develop
nt Departme nt Technolo nt nt nt nce
Departm nt nt ment
nt gy Departm
ent Departme
(CPD) (FSD) (IAD) (PD) (PAD) ent(RI&
(FAD) (LCAD) nt
(BTDD) (ICT) CD|)
(AHRD) (R&CDD
Standardi
zation,
Technical
Certificati
and
on and
Vocation
Consultan
al Skills
cy
Training
Services
Departme
Departme
nt
nt
(TVSD)
(SC&CS
D)
12
1.5.4 ESTATE MANAGEMENT UNIT
The Estate Management Unit was previously a Division under the Administration and Human
Resource Department. However, following the restructuring in 2020 and coupled with the accelerated
expansion of the Fund’s facilities across the country, the Division was upgraded to a Unit to handle
and monitor the Fund’s projects as well as carry out Estate Management Services for the Fund.
The Unit has the following Sub-Units:
 Project Monitoring Sub-Unit

 Estate Management Services Sub-Unit
Functions of the Unit include:
 Prepare builders’ documents (construction programme, quality management plan, and

health/safety plan) for projects.
 Design architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical details for projects.
 Engage consultants for consultancy services on Projects.
 Prepare bill of quantities for projects.
 Supervise, inspect and monitor projects.
 Prepare payment certificates and valuation for projects.
 Carry out pre and post tenancy activities.
 Maintain and renovate existing structures of the Fund.
13
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 WORK DONE DURING SIWES
During my SIWES training, I had the privilege of gaining experience in utilizing two distinct software
programs; Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) software. They
are:
 AutoCAD
 ProtaStructure
2.2 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
The process of using computers or workstations to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or
optimization of a design is known as Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This software helps to improve the
productivity of the designer, enhance the quality of the design, facilitate communication through
documentation, and create a database for manufacturing. When used in patent applications, CAD-
generated designs help safeguard products and inventions. The output from CAD software is typically in
the form of electronic files that can be used for print, machining, or other manufacturing processes.
Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many
ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question.
CAD systems offer several advantages over manual drafting, such as automated generation of bills of
materials, interference checking, and auto layout in integrated circuits. These capabilities are now
commonly expected from computer systems. CAD also empowered designers to perform engineering
calculations, marking a significant shift in the industry. Although calculations were initially performed by
hand or by individuals who could run computer programs, CAD revolutionized the engineering industry,
leading to the merging of draftsmen, designers, and engineering roles. The use of CAD technology is
widespread in modern design and engineering. It serves as a tool for drafting and creating machinery, as
well as designing all manner of buildings, from small homes to large factories and hospitals. CAD is
particularly useful in the creation of 3D models and 2D drawings of physical components, and is
employed throughout the engineering process, from initial conceptual design to the final manufacturing
methods. It can even be used to design objects such as furniture, jewellery, and appliances. Additionally,
many CAD applications now include advanced rendering and animation features to help engineers better
visualize their designs. For project management, 4D BIM is a form of virtual construction engineering
simulation that incorporates time and schedule-related information.
2.2.1 TYPES OF CAD
The broad classification of CAD includes
 Two-dimensional or 2D CAD
 Three-dimensional or 3D CAD
14
Two-dimensional or 2D CAD: Many of us are well acquainted with the original iteration of CAD,
which involves crafting 2-dimensional sketches on a level surface. These sketches encompass
dimensions, layouts, and other crucial details needed to produce the desired object. The 2D CAD
blueprints consist of a variety of shapes, such as lines, ovals, circles, curves, and slots. CAD software
commonly includes a repository of geometric images, and users can also produce Bezier curves,
polylines, and splines. Moreover, 2D CAD platforms possess the capacity to generate a bill of
materials (BOM).
Three-dimensional or 3D CAD: The purpose of both 2D and 3D models is the same. But what sets
3D models apart is their ability to present more excellent details about the individual component and
assembly by projecting it as a full-scale 3-dimensional object. 3D CAD offers a realistic portrayal of
the CAD model. 3D models can be viewed and rotated in X, Y, or Z axes. It also shows how two
objects can fit and operate, which is impossible with 2D CAD. 3D models can be further classified
into three categories:
 3D Wire-frame Models:
These models resemble an entire object made of just wires, with the background visible through the
skeletal structure.
 Surface Models:
Surface models are the next stage of wireframe models, and they are created by joining the 3D
surfaces together and look like real-life objects.
 Solid Models:
They best represent real physical objects in a virtual environment. Unlike other models, solid models
have weight, volume, and density properties. They are the most used models and serve as prototypes
for engineering projects. The Boundary Representation (BREP) solid modeling links Constructive
Solid Geometry (CSG) images while a hybrid systems mix CSG and BREP to attain the intended
design.
2.3 AUTOCAD
During my SIWES training, I learned about AutoCAD; a software that is commonly used by
engineers, architects, graphic designers, and other professionals. This software is designed to assist
with precise drafting in both 2D and 3D, as well as modelling with solids, surfaces, mesh objects, and
documentation features. Additionally, it offers features to increase productivity, such as automating
tasks, comparing drawings, counting, adding objects, and creating tables. Overall, it is a valuable tool
for those in the design and engineering fields.
15
2.3.1 UNDERSTANDING AUTOCAD INTERFACE
Once you open AutoCAD by double-clicking the AutoCAD icon, you can create a new drawing by
clicking the [START DRAWING] icon on the first page of the AutoCAD application.
Figure 1.0 First page on AutoCAD
Once you click [START DRAWING], you will see this user interface below.
Figure 1.1 AutoCAD user interface
16
2.3.2 AUTOCAD TERMINOLOGIES AND COMMANDS
 Application menu: New, open, save, import, export, print.
 Quick access toolbar: User can save tools that they often use.
 Info Center: Ask a question; find out answers from Autodesk community.
 Ribbon: Main menus – Home, Insert, Annotate, View, Manage.
 Ribbon view: User can minimize and maximize the ribbon.
 File tab: Navigate files and create and open files.
 Drawing area/graphic area: Main drawing space.
 View cube: User can change the view, top, front, 3D, or more.
 Navigation bar: Zoom in and out, pan, zoon to all, and more.
 Command box: Can type commands and see the previous commands.
 Layout tab: Can see model space and print spaces.
 Status bar: Can set grid snaps, scales, and more.
 Selection cursor: This is the cursor that shows up on the AutoCAD screen and it is basically two
perpendicular lines with a small cube at the centre of the intersection of the lines.
 Ortho mode: Restricts the cursor to horizontal or vertical use.
 Extend: Extends a line or arc to meet another object.
 Fillet: Constructs an arc between two lines.
 Grid: Displays a grid of dots that can be used to snap to and design with.
 Layer: Creates drawing layers for colors and line types.
 Line: Draws straight lines of any length.
 Mirror: Creates a symmetrical reflected object from the original selected objects.
 Move: Moves selected objects to another location in the drawing.
 Offset: Creates parallel copies of lines, arcs, and circles.
 Rotate: Rotates selected objects to angle specified.
 Scale: Changes the size of objects to the selected scale factor.
 Trim: Deletes portions of selected objects that cross a selected cutting edge
17
2.3.3 WORKDONE USING AUTOCAD
With these commands, I created objects in AutoCAD. Here's an example:
Figure 1.2 2D Mechanical part created using AutoCAD
COMMANDS USED
 Line
 Circle
 Offset
 Trim
 Mirror
 Erase
 Copy
 Dimension (linear, circle)
 Ortho mode
 Fillet
 Extend
18
Subsequently, I made a floor plan for a one-bedroom apartment on AutoCAD; here it is below.
Figure 1.3 floor plan of a one-bedroom apartment.
COMMANDS USED
 Line
 Offset
 Arc
 Trim
 Scale
 Copy
 Mirror
 Text
 Layer
 Stretch
 Fillet
 Move
 Erase
19
 Extend
2.4 BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING
Building Information Model (BIM) involves creating and managing digital models of a place's physical
and functional characteristics using various tools, technologies, and contracts. BIM software is utilized by
individuals, businesses, and government agencies to plan, design, construct, operate, and maintain various
physical infrastructures including buildings, water, refuse, electricity, gas, communication utilities, roads,
railways, bridges, ports, and tunnels.
2.4.1 BIM LEVELS
Different levels of BIM can be achieved for various types of projects. Each level represents a different set
of criteria that demonstrates a particular level of ‘maturity.’ BIM levels start with 0 and go to 4D, 5D, and
even 6D BIM. The purpose of these levels is to gauge how effectively, or how much information is being
shared and managed throughout the entire process.
Level 0 BIM: Paper-based drawings + zero collaboration
Level 0 BIM refers to not operating collaboratively at all. If you’re using 2D CAD and working with
drawings and/or digital prints, you can safely say you’re at level 0. Today, most of the industry is working
above this level, although not every professional in the industry has sufficient BIM training and some
projects do not include the use of BIM in contract specifications.
Level 1 BIM: 2D construction drawings + some 3D modelling
Using 3D CAD for concept work, but 2D for drafting production information and other documentation,
probably means you're working Level 1 BIM. At this level, CAD standards are managed to the standard
of BS 1192:2007, and electronic sharing of data carried out from a common data environment (CDE)
usually managed by the contractor. Many firms are at Level 1 BIM, which doesn’t involve much
collaboration, and each stakeholder publishes and manages their own data.
Level 2 BIM: Teams work in their own 3D models
Level 2 BIM begins to add in a collaborative environment. At level 2, all team members use 3D CAD
models but sometimes not in the same model. However, the way in which stakeholders exchange
information differentiates it from other levels. Information about the design of a built environment is
shared through a common file format.
Level 3 BIM: Teams work with a shared 3D model
BIM level 3 is even more collaborative. Instead of each team member working in their own 3D model,
Level 3 means that everyone uses a single, shared project model. The model exists in a ‘central’
environment and can be accessed and modified by everyone. This is called Open BIM, meaning that
another layer of protection is added against clashes, adding value to the project at every stage.
20
Levels 4, 5, and 6 BIM: Adding in scheduling, cost, & sustainability information
BIM level 4 brings a new element into the information model: time. This information includes scheduling
data that helps outline how much time each phase of the project will take or sequencing of various
components.
Level 5 BIM adds cost estimations, budget analysis, and budget tracking to the information model. When
working at this level of BIM, project owners can track and determine what costs will be incurred during
the length of the project.
Level 6 BIM information is useful for calculating the energy consumption of a building before it's built.
This ensures that designers take into account more than just the upfront costs of an asset. Level 6 BIM
ensures accurate predictions of energy consumption requirements and empowers stakeholders to build
structures that are energy efficient and sustainable.
2.5 PROTASTRUCTURE
This is the second software program I learned during my SIWES, it is an innovative structural BIM
solution for structural engineers to model, analyse and design buildings quickly and accurately.
ProtaStructure enables its users to model simple or complex concrete and steel buildings with speed and
ease. The software comes with various programmes used in analysing and designing various structures.
They are:
ProtaSteel: ProtaSteel is the all-in-one steel detailing and steel connection design software solution for
engineers, fabricators and drafting professionals to perform automated steel connection design and
produce high quality steel detail drawings.
ProtaDetail: ProtaDetails is a revolutionary system for automatically creating and organizing all your
structural concrete detail drawings in one go. ProtaDetails targets structural engineers and drafting
professionals. It is an essential tool for offices focusing on CAD structural engineering and detailing. You
can benefit from the growing library of design and detailing macros to instantly design and detail
common structural components including retaining walls, stairs, piles, and foundations and save hours in
detailing time.
21
2.5.1 UNDERSTANDING PROTASTRUCTURE USER INTERFACE
Once you open ProtaStructure by double-clicking the ProtaStructure icon, you can create a new project by
clicking the [NEW PROJECT] icon on the first page of the ProtaStructure application
Figure 1.4 first page on ProtaStructure
Once you click [NEW PROJECT], you will see this user interface below.
Figure 1.5 ProtaStructure user interface
22
2.6 WORKDONE USING PROTASTRUCTURE
Using Protastructure, I modelled and analysed a four (4) storey building and a steel structure. Below is a
picture of and analysis of the structure.
Figure 1.6 3D and plan of a concrete structure.
23
2.6.1 DETAILS ABOUT CONCRETE STRUCTURE
The Concrete structure was designed using eurocode standard, it is made up of 40 rectangular columns,
57, beams and 24 slabs. It is constructed using Singapore brick walls.
After designing the building, the building was analysed to see if it satisfactory.
Beam Reinforcement Design

Axis: 3 Storey: 1
Materials: C30/37 / Grade 500 (Type 2) (Links: Grade 500 (Type 2)) Concrete Cover: 35.0 mm
Diagrams
Bending
GB6 L= 5000mm GB5 L= 5000mm GB1 L= 5000mm
Bw / H (mm) 250 / 500 250 / 500 250 / 500
Flange Bf / Hf
(Left) --- --- ---
(Right)
Top Edge
M (kN.m) 27.3 0.0 86.3 63.7 10.6 61.8 83.4 0.0 45.8
d (mm) 451.0 451.0 449.0 449.0 451.0 449.0 449.0 451.0 451.0
K/K' 0.09 0.00 0.28 0.20 0.03 0.20 0.27 0.00 0.15
x (mm) 56.4 56.4 59.7 56.1 56.4 56.1 57.6 56.4 56.4
Asm (mm2) 57.6 56.4 56.4 57.6 56.4 56.4 57.6 56.4 56.4
Asv (mm2) 189.76 191.48 261.71 132.22 90.40 130.00 258.12 187.92 214.82
As (mm2) 146.79 191.48 466.86 343.47 147.51 333.09 450.49 187.92 246.09
As' (mm2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
As,min (mm2) 169.82 169.82 169.07 169.07 169.82 169.07 169.07 169.82 169.82
Bottom Edge
M (kN.m) 25.1 71.0 0.0 0.0 10.1 0.0 0.0 70.1 13.9
d (mm) 449.0 449.0 449.0 451.0 451.0 451.0 449.0 449.0 449.0
K/K' 0.08 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04
x (mm) 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.4 56.4 56.4 56.1 56.1 56.1
Asm (mm2) 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1
Asv (mm2) 189.76 191.48 261.71 132.22 90.40 130.00 258.12 187.92 214.82
As (mm2) 325.32 383.11 261.71 54.06 54.06 54.06 258.12 377.86 289.54
As' (mm2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
As,min (mm2) 169.07 169.07 169.07 169.82 169.82 169.82 169.07 169.07 169.07
24
Shear And Torsion Design
Vd (kN) 66.0 91.0 46.0 45.2 89.8 74.7
v (MPa) 0.59 0.81 0.41 0.40 0.80 0.66
vRdc (MPa) 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.51
vRd,max (MPa) 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75
VRd (kN) 147.2 147.9 147.2
Vnom (kN) 152.4 152.4 152.4
Td (kN.m) 0.0 ≤TMin 0.0 ≤TMin 0.0 ≤TMin
TMin (kN.m) 5.3 5.3 5.3
bsupport (mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Links 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300 1H8-300
Deflection Check
11.14 ≤ 11.09 ≤ 11.14 ≤
L/d
63.24 √ 1563.15 √ 64.49 √
Steel Areas (mm2)

Required
Top Edge 146.79 191.48 466.86 343.47 147.51 333.09 450.49 187.92 246.09
Bottom Edge 325.32 383.11 261.71 54.06 54.06 54.06 258.12 377.86 289.54
Supplied
Top Edge 339.29 339.29 603.19 603.19 226.19 603.19 603.19 339.29 339.29
Bottom Edge 603.19 603.19 603.19 339.29 339.29 339.29 603.19 603.19 603.19
Steel Bars
Top Bars 3H12 2H12 3H12
Top.Sup.Bars 3H16 3H16 3H16 3H16
Top.Sup.Bars
Bottom Bars 3H16 3H12 3H16
Bottom Bars
Bot.Sup.Bars
Side Bars
The table above shows the design and analysis of one of the beams in the structure
Column Reinforcement Design

GC1 (C-1) (500/250)
Materials: C30/37 / Grade 500 (Type 2) (Links: Grade 500 (Type 2))
Section
Critical Loading: 1 - (G+Q)

D
Mi es
n ig
n
8 8
7 7
N - kN
5. 5.
2 2
25
M 1 1
2.
1 7. 7. kN.m
7
1 5 5
M 4 1 5
2 9. 7. 3. kN.m
2 4 5 4
1
N
5
M
3
a
9.
x
7
Concrete Cover = 35.0 mm
Neutral Axis: 240.7 mm / 17.65 O
Shear Rebars
VEd(1/2) = 24.0 / 1.4 kN Slender Column... As (Req): %0.20 (min) 250.00 mm2
vEd = 0.20 / 0.20 N/mm2 λ1/Lim1 = 25.3 ≥ 17.3 As (Sup): %0.54 678.58 mm2
vRdc = 1.02 / 1.14 N/mm2 λ2/Lim2 = 11.1 < 17.3 √
vRd Max = 5.70 / 5.70 N/mm2 MAdd(1)/2) = 4.8 / 0.0 kN.m 6H12
Links = H8-225
Slab Strip Report
LEGEND:
d/h = Slab Effective/Total Depths (d=h-cover)
g/q = Dead/Live Loads (not factored)
L1 = Width of the Slab Along the Strip Direction
L2 = Width of the Slab Perpendicular to the Strip Direction
C = Moment Coefficient M=C p / L^2
M-span = Ultimate Span Moment
M-sup = Ultimate Support Moment
Mc = Balanced Support Moment
As = Steel Area (Required/Supplied)
Slab Strip: X1 -- Storey: 1

---------------------------
Materials: C30/37 / Grade 500 (Type 2)
Type g L1 C-sup C-span As

Slab d/h q L2 M-sup M-span Req/Sup S T E E
L B A R S
(mm) (kN/m2) (mm) (kN.m) (kN.m) (mm2)
Support Mc = 1.6Support As = 250.02/251.33

SupTop: H8-200(T1)
26
GS5 4 6.000 5000.00 0.0470 0.0360 250.02/335.1
166/200 3.000 5000.00 14.1 10.8
StrBot: H8-150(B1)
Support Mc = 14.1Support As = 250.02/251.33

SupTop: H8-200(T1)
Axial Load Comparison Report

TOTAL LOADS (Based On Slabs Loads):
G - Dead Loads:
Storey Column Wall Beam Slab Ribbed Slab Total
4 (+12.00m) 90.0 279.2 245.8 1093.7 0.0 1708.7
3 (+9.00m) 90.0 279.2 1018.8 1093.7 0.0 2481.8
2 (+6.00m) 90.0 279.2 1018.8 1093.7 0.0 2481.8
1 (+3.00m) 90.0 279.2 1018.8 1093.7 0.0 2481.8
Total 9154.1
Q - Live Loads:
4 (+12.00m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 136.7 0.0 136.7
3 (+9.00m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 546.9 0.0 546.9
2 (+6.00m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 546.9 0.0 546.9
1 (+3.00m) 0.0 0.0 0.0 546.9 0.0 546.9
Total 1777.3
TOTAL LOADS (Decomposed to Beams):
G - Dead Loads:
4 (+12.00m) 90.0 391.7 1225.7 0.0 0.0 1707.4
3 (+9.00m) 90.0 391.7 1998.8 0.0 0.0 2480.5
2 (+6.00m) 90.0 391.7 1998.8 0.0 0.0 2480.5
1 (+3.00m) 90.0 391.7 1998.8 0.0 0.0 2480.5
Total 9148.9
Q - Live Loads:
4 (+12.00m) 0.0 14.1 122.7 0.0 0.0 136.7
3 (+9.00m) 0.0 56.3 490.6 0.0 0.0 546.9
2 (+6.00m) 0.0 56.3 490.6 0.0 0.0 546.9
1 (+3.00m) 0.0 56.3 490.6 0.0 0.0 546.9
Total 1777.3
BUILDING ANALYSIS COLUMN AND WALL AXIAL LOADS:
27
Storey G Delta G Q Delta Q
4 (+12.00m) 1707.4 1707.4 136.7 136.7
3 (+9.00m) 4187.9 2480.5 683.6 546.9
2 (+6.00m) 6668.4 2480.5 1230.4 546.9
1 (+3.00m) 9148.0 2479.6 1777.3 546.9
Total 9148.0 1777.3
Total Base Reactions: G = 9148 kN Q = 1777.3 kN
The report above shows all the loads acting on the building, with the dead load greater, the structure I
satisfactory.
2.6.2 DETAILS ABOUT STEEL STRUCTURE

I also designed and analyzed a steel structure using Protastructure.
Figure1.73D and plan of steel structure
28
The steel structure is designed using Singapore (eurocode) template, it is made up of S355 steel beams,
columns, braces, purlins and girts.
Steel Beam Design

Steel Beam 1B2
Section: UB 250x125x25 (S355)
Section Class: Class1
Partial Resistance Factors: γM0 = 1.000 γM1 = 1.000 γM2 = 1.000
Effective Length: Kx = 1.000 Ky = 1.000 Lx = 5000 mm Ly = 1650 mm Lb = 1650 mm kL/r = 59 < 200 √
Combined Forces U. Ratio Cmb. Cl. kyy kyz kzy kzz

0.021 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 6.2.1 (7) 1.000 0.700 0.519 1.031
Ned Nt,Rd
Axial Tension -0.25 1135.62
Med Mc,Rd Mn,Rd Mpl,Rd Mb,Rd Mcr

Bending Major (y-y) 0.021 -2.08 97.98 (LTB) 110.76 110.76 97.98 247.11
Bending Minor (z-z) 0.000 0.00 22.44 (Y) 22.44 22.44
Curve αLT λbar-LT ØLT χLT C1

Lateral Buckling (LTB) b 0.340 0.669 0.714 0.885 1.000
Axial Tension U. Ratio Cmb. Ned Nt,Rd Npl,Rd Nu,Rd

0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q -0.26 1135.62 1135.62 1468.31
Shear U. Ratio Cmb. Ved ρ Vc,Rd λw-bar Vb,Rd

Major (y-y) 0.008 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q -2.30 1.000 283.44 (SB) 0.132 283.44
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 372.19 (SB) 0.006 372.19
Torsion U. Ratio Cmb. Ted MfEd Mf, Rd

0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 0.00 0.00 10.92
Deflection δv (mm) δv Limit (mm)

Deflection Span 5000 mm
Category Floor Beam
G+Q 0.2 < 13.9 (L/360) √
Steel Column Design

Steel Column 2C1
Section: UB 250x250x67 (S355)
29

0.006 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 6.2.1 (7) 1.003 0.707 0.517 1.009
Ned Nc,Rd Npl,Rd

Axial Compression 0.003 10.13 3006.76 (CR) 3006.76
Curve α Ncr λbar Ø χ Nb,Rd

Buckling Major (y-y) b 0.340 5613.59 0.732 0.000 1.000 3006.76
Buckling Minor (z-z) c 0.490 1892.49 1.260 0.000 1.000 3006.76


Lateral Buckling (LTB) b 0.340 0.952 0.934 0.729 1.000
Axial Compression U. Ratio Cmb. Ned Nc,Rd Npl,Rd

0.003 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 10.20 3006.76 (CR) 3006.76

Buckling Major (y-y) b 0.340 5613.59 0.732 0.000 1.000 3006.76

Major (y-y) 0.003 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -1.38 1.000 515.63 (SB) 0.049 515.63
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.09 1.000 1220.33 (SB) 0.005 1220.33

0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 0.00 71.53
Steel Truss Design

Steel Truss 2T1
Member Section kL/r Deflection U. Ratio Status Governing Check
Top Chord TC12 RHS 150x75x3 53 < 200 √ 0.1 < 27.8 (L/360) √ 0.016 < 1.000 Pass √ Combined
TC13 RHS 150x75x3 53 < 200 √ 0.1 < 27.8 (L/360) √ 0.015 < 1.000 Pass √ Combined
Bottom Chord BC14 RHS 150x75x3 315 ≥ 200! 0.4 < 27.8 (L/360) √ 0.075 < 1.000 Pass √ Combined
Diagonal D1 SHS 75x75x3 72 < 200 √ - 0.001 < 1.000 Pass √ Shear (Major)
D3 SHS 75x75x3 67 < 200 √ - 0.007 < 1.000 Pass √ Axial Tension
D7 SHS 75x75x3 72 < 200 √ - 0.001 < 1.000 Pass √ Shear (Major)
Vertical V2 SHS 75x75x3 43 < 200 √ - 0.002 < 1.000 Pass √ Axial Compression
V4 SHS 75x75x3 35 < 200 √ - 0.007 < 1.000 Pass √ Axial Compression
V6 SHS 75x75x3 51 < 200 √ - 0.002 < 1.000 Pass √ Axial Tension
Top Chord TC12

Section: RHS 150x75x3 (S355)
30

0.016 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 6.2.1 (7) 1.000 0.574 0.632 1.004
Ned Nc,Rd Npl,Rd


Buckling Major (y-y) c 0.490 2732.46 0.392 0.000 1.000 419.82


Lateral Buckling (LTB) d 0.760 0.201 0.440 1.000 1.000

0.013 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 5.28 419.82 (CR) 466.47


Major (y-y) 0.002 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -0.42 1.000 179.54 (SB) 0.114 179.54
Minor (z-z) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q -0.12 1.000 89.77 (SB) 0.055 89.77

Category Roof Beam
G+Q 0.1 < 27.8 (L/360) √
Top Chord TC13


0.015 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 6.2.1 (7) 1.000 0.574 0.632 1.004
Ned Nc,Rd Npl,Rd




31
0.013 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 5.29 419.82 (CR) 466.47


Major (y-y) 0.002 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 0.41 1.000 179.54 (SB) 0.114 179.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.04 1.000 89.77 (SB) 0.055 89.77

0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 0.00 639.47

Category Roof Beam
G+Q 0.1 < 27.8 (L/360) √
Bottom Chord BC14

Effective Length: Kx = 1.000 Ky = 1.000 Lx = 1666 mm Ly = 10000 mm Lb = 10000 mm kL/r = 315 ≥ 200!

0.075 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 6.3.3(4)-6.61 1.024 0.661 0.639 1.033
Ned Nc,Rd Npl,Rd

Axial Compression 0.074 1.73 419.82 (FB) 466.47


Bending Major (y-y) 0.002 0.05 19.90 (LTB) 22.19 22.19 19.90 80.98


0.074 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 1.73 419.82 (FB) 466.47


0.011 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -4.91 466.47 466.47 603.13

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 0.13 1.000 179.54 (SB) 0.114 179.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 89.77 (SB) 0.055 89.77

0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 0.00 639.47
32
Category Roof Beam
G+Q 0.4 < 27.8 (L/360) √
Diagonal D1
Section: SHS 75x75x3 (S355)

0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 0.11 306.72 (CR) 306.72


0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -0.09 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Diagonal D3

0.007 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -2.01 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Diagonal D5

0.018 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q -5.47 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Diagonal D7
33
0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 0.11 306.72 (CR) 306.72


0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q -0.09 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Diagonal D9

0.007 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q -2.01 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Diagonal D11

0.018 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q -5.47 306.72 306.72 396.58

Major (y-y) 0.001 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.08 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Minor (z-z) 0.000 < 1.00 √ G-Ny+Q 0.00 1.000 88.54 (SB) 0.055 88.54
Vertical V2

0.002 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 0.73 306.72 (CR) 306.72

Vertical V4
34

0.007 < 1.00 √ G-Nx+Q 2.02 306.72 (CR) 306.72

Vertical V6

0.002 < 1.00 √ G+Ny+Q -0.60 306.72 306.72 396.58
Vertical V8

0.002 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 0.73 306.72 (CR) 306.72

Vertical V10

0.007 < 1.00 √ G+Nx+Q 2.02 306.72 (CR) 306.72

Steel Girt Design

Steel Girt 2G2
Member Section kL/r Deflection U. Ratio Status Governing Check
Girt G1 UPN100 339 ≥ 200! 3.2 < 25.0 (L/200) √ 0.129 < 1.000 Pass √ Deflection
G2 UPN100 339 ≥ 200! 3.2 < 25.0 (L/200) √ 0.129 < 1.000 Pass √ Deflection
35
The Reports above show the results of the design and analysis of the steel members of the structure. It is
satisfactory.
36
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 SKILLS LEARNED
During the course of the SIWES, I have gained valuable knowledge and skills that will help me as I
progress.
 Communication skills: Working in a corporate setting, I have improved my communication skills

by interacting with my fellow SIWES students from different higher institutions and also from
the workers in the organization.
 Research Skills: Using the organization’s resources I have improved my research skills which is
helpful in this profession.
 Teamwork: I have also improved my teamwork skills by interacting and working with different
people to achieve a goal.
 Computer Design Skills: I have learned how to design and analyse in 2D and 3D using a laptop.
37
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION
 Due to the economic situation of the country and the rising cost of fuel, it was not easy going to
and fro from home to the office because I live far from the office.
 There were days I was not able to go to the office because of the strike.
 I did not understand using the software the first few times I used them.
Solution: I read articles and watched YouTube videos on how to use the software.
38
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
I am pleased to provide a comprehensive report on my work experience during the SIWES program at the
Industrial Training Fund headquarters. This program afforded me the opportunity to gain hands-on
experience and a thorough understanding of engineering principles and practices. Through this program, I
have gained invaluable insights into the corporate world and the significant role engineers play in
organizations. I am deeply grateful for this opportunity and the knowledge and skills I have acquired,
which I am confident will prove to be of great value in my future pursuits in this field.
39
REFERENCES
www.siwes.itf.gov.ng
www.itf.gov.ng
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design#Overview
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/list-of-basic-autocad-terminology/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_information_modeling
https://constructible.trimble.com/construction-industry/what-is-bim-building-information-modeling
40

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A

SIWES (STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME)

AT THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND HEADQUARTERS, MIANGO

KURE JOSHUA MELA (UJ/2018/EN/0249)

THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

clearly acknowledged through proper referencing.

Industrial Training Fund headquarters from July 2022 to September 2022.

DR. M.I Alfa

Departmental Supervisor Signature & Date

Departmental SIWES Coordinator Signature & Date

Dr. M.I Alfa

Head of Department Signature & Date

bless you all.

1.1 Brief History about SIWES 9

1.2 Aim of SIWES 9

1.3 Objectives of SIWES 9

1.4 Duration of SIWES 9

1.5 History and Background of Organization 10

1.5.1 Industrial Training Fund Headquarters (ITF) 11

1.5.2 ITF Mandate 11

1.5.3 Organization structure 12

1.5.4 Estate Management Unit 13

2.1 Work done during SIWES 14

2.2 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 14

2.2.1 Types of CAD 14

2.3.1 Understanding AutoCAD User Interface 16

2.3.2 AutoCAD Terminologies and Commands 17

2.3.3 Work done using AutoCAD 18

2.4.1 BIM levels 20

2.5.1 Understanding ProtaStructure User Interface 22

2.6 Work done using ProtaStructure 23

2.6.1 Details about Concrete Structure 24

2.6.2 Details about Steel Structure 28

3.1 Skills Learned 36

4.1 Problems Encountered and Solutions Proffered 37

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

1.2 AIM OF SIWES

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objectives of SIWES are:

1.4 DURATION OF SIWES

1.5.2 ITF MANDATE

The Fund was specifically charged with the mandate to:

The Unit has the following Sub-Units:

 Project Monitoring Sub-Unit

Functions of the Unit include:

 Prepare builders’ documents (construction programme, quality management plan, and

2.1 WORK DONE DURING SIWES

2.2 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN

2.2.1 TYPES OF CAD

The broad classification of CAD includes

Figure 1.0 First page on AutoCAD

Figure 1.1 AutoCAD user interface

 Application menu: New, open, save, import, export, print.

 Ribbon: Main menus – Home, Insert, Annotate, View, Manage.

 Ribbon view: User can minimize and maximize the ribbon.

 File tab: Navigate files and create and open files.

 Drawing area/graphic area: Main drawing space.

 Layout tab: Can see model space and print spaces.

 Status bar: Can set grid snaps, scales, and more.

 Ortho mode: Restricts the cursor to horizontal or vertical use.