Dressmaking

NC II

DRESSMAKING
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF
DESIGN

Self-Directed Learning Material

DRESSMAKING NCII
Self-Directed Learning Material
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Principles and Elements of Design
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: EMERITA B. SAHID
Editors:
Reviewers: Marcelo O. Roco, PhD
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Emma A. Camporedondo, CESO VI
Basilio P. Mana-ay Jr., CESE
Alma C. Cifra, EdD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD
Marcelo O. Roco, PhD

Department of Education – Region XI, Davao City Division

Office Address : DepEd Davao City Division, E. Quirino Ave.,

Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines
Telefax : (082) 224 0100
E-mail Address : info@deped-davaocity.ph
 Dressmaking NC II

DRESSMAKING
NC II
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF
DESIGN
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the DRESSMAKING NC II Self-Directed Learning Material (SDLM) on

PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF DESIGN!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to DRESSMAKING NC II Self-Directed Learning Material (SDLM) on

Principles and Elements of Design!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of dressmaking. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one (1) lesson:

 Lesson 2 – Principles and Elements of Design

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the basic ways which design is applied;
2. explain principles of design;
3. appreciate the importance of design in dressmaking;

What I Know

Multiple Choice Directions: Read and understand the statements carefully.

Write the letter that best describes the statement. Write your answer in your
quiz notebook.

1. A kind of person who prefers clothes of simple yet classical cut with
pastel or light colors.

a. introvert person b. extrovert person c. ramp model

2. A kind of person who prefers clothing that is comfortable, attractive, and

fashionable.
 a. introvert person b. extrovert person c. fashion artist

3. The principle of design which can be achieve by creating a center of

interest in the garment.

a. balance b. rhythm c. proportion

4. is the relationship in size between various parts and the whole.

a. proportion b. rhythm c. balance

5. The use of dye or onk on the surface of the fabric.

a. design by printing b. design by weaving c. plaid design

6. Are permanent because of the color-fast-dyes as the fabric is woven.

a. design by printing b. plaid design c. design by weaving

7. Is the arrangement of a design on a space resulting to phase of

equilibrium.

a. symmetrical balance b. balance c. informal balance

8. Is the equal visual weight of each side of an imaginary central vertical

line.

a. radial balance b. informal balance c. formal balance

9. Is where the design is balanced, but each side is different in some way.

a. formal balance b. informal balance c. radial balance

10. It is achieved when all parts if the designs are at equal distance from a
central point.

a. informal balance b. formal balance c. radial balance

 Lesson
Principles and Elements of
2 Design

What’s In

The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she projects.
Personalities differ depending on the kind of clothing people wear. Most
introvert persons prefer clothes of simple yet classical cut with pastel or
light colors. Extroverts, on the other hand are creative, artistic, expressive
and energetic. Hence, they prefer clothing that is comfortable, attractive and
fashionable. They can wear all kinds of clothing of varied style, colors and
design with confidence.

Notes to the Teacher

 What’s New

Principles and Elements of design

There are two basic ways which design is applied:

a. Design by Printing is the use of dye or ink on the surface of the

fabric. They are called “prints”. They are often attractive because
variety of colors can be combined. When designs are printed all over
the fabric, it is called “all-over print”.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

b. Designs by Weaving are permanent because of the “color-fast dyes” as

the fabric is woven. They maybe in solid or in combination colors woven to
form special designs. Designs such as stripes use more colors of yarn and
will always be straight because they form “grain line” on the fabric. When
horizontal lines cross vertical lines to form rectangles or square, it is called
plaid. When the design is formed by mixing certain colors of nappy yarns to
have speckled effects, it is called “tweeds”.
 Dress with tweed Dress with plaid
Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

Principles of Design

1. Proportion is the relationship in size between various parts and the

whole. Fashion designing is a creative expression. Exact mathematical
proportions are not required as long as what you design is visually pleasing
and in accordance with the size, shape and height of the bearer.According to
the some artists, normal humans are usually 7-8 times the height of their
heads, meaning you can use the height of the head as a unit of
measurement to give the “lay lines” for the parts of your body. Example for
adult figure above labeled for 7.5 heads tall. Try to measure the proportion
of your body.

2. Balance is the arrangement of a design on a space resulting to sense of

equilibrium. It is the equal distribution of weight from a central point or
area.

Three kinds of Visual Balance.

Formal or symmetrical balance is the equal visual weight of each side of

an imaginary central vertical line. It is achieved when each half of an object
is exactly like the other. A jacket with two breast pockets and two hip
pockets is
 Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

B. Informal or asymmetrical balance is when the design is balanced, but

each side is different in some way. It is achieved when the two halves of a
whole are different, but seem to be equal in weight or emphasis. For
example, a jacket with a breast pocket on one side can be balanced by a
pocket on the hip of the opposite side.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

C. Radial balance is achieved when all parts of the design are at equal
distance from a central point. A man wearing a sun design on the front of
his shirt may have this king of design.
 Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

3. Emphasis is achieved by the designer’s ability to create a center of

interest by which the viewer’s eyes are directed to a specific area of a
garment or body part.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

4. Rhythm is the repetition of an accent to create an interesting design.

Repeating an accent on different parts of the dress or one part of the dress
will achieve a design that is harmonious and visually united.
 Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

5. Harmony is the pleasing and congruent arrangement of parts. It is the

blending of all components of design. When the structural lines, decorative
lines, colors and accessories all relate to each other comfortably, harmony
results.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

Elements of Design

1. Line creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet,
space is enclosed and a shape is defined. Lines direct the eyes to a certain
path of vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an undesirable area of the
body. It defines a shape or silhouette and conveys a mood of character.

Two kinds of lines in garment

a. The Directional line such as vertical, horizontal, diagonal, checkered,

broken and curved. These affect the height and size of an individual.
 Lines are serving as clothing designs like the art of printing flowers,
dots and others on fabric.

Images from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics

Vertical Line Horizontal Line Diagonal Line

b. Structural lines are found on necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts, side

seams, sleeves, collars, tucks and pleats of garments.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.
2. Color is a radiant energy loosely termed light that produces sensation in
our eyes. The color of the dress easily attracts the client’s attention and
becomes her basis in choosing her apparel. It is the most powerful element.

3. Space is the area inside an enclosed shape. The use of space can lead to
an interesting design. But the overuse of a space could make the design
confusing while an empty space could be unattractive and boring.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

4. Form or shape refers to the form of a person showing the curves of the
body. This includes the shape of the face, neckline and the full body or
figure. Form – is a volume space enclosed a surface. Shape – is simply a flat
space enclosed by a line

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.
5. Texture is the surface quality of an object, rough, smooth, silky, etc.

Image from: Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics –Dressmaking. p. 4

to 10.

What is It

Concept Map: to accomplish the concept map below by placing words (that
are related to the subject) in the circles.

DESIGN
After finishing the concept map. Do some analysis to understand more the
Principles and Elements of Design. List down the words you have placed in
the circles surrounding the subjects: DESIGN. Beside each listed word, write
sentence containing the reason for its inclusion in the concept map.

1. _________________________ -_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. _________________________ - ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

3. _________________________ -_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4. _________________________ -_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5. _________________________ -_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6. _________________________ -_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
 What’s More

Activity 2.1
Activity title: Dress Critiquing

Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oaqIJGwCOI

Instruction: Check the dresses closely and identify the Principles and
Elements of Design that you have noticed the couturiers have applied on the
dresses.

What I Have Learned

The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she projects.
Personalities differ depending on the kind of clothing people wear. Most
introvert persons prefer clothes of simple yet classical cut with pastel or
light colors. Extroverts, on the other hand are creative, artistic, expressive
and energetic. Hence, they prefer clothing that is comfortable, attractive and
fashionable. They can wear all kinds of clothing of varied style, color, and
design with confidence. Remember that no matter who and what we are, we
must be well-groomed every day to be attractive and to project a pleasing
personality. Designs in our clothes add interest and beauty.
 What I Can Do

Activity 2. 2

Draw your ideal sleeping garment in a short-sized bond paper

applying the principles and elements of design. Explain briefly what
elements and principles of design you applied in your work.

Assessment

Multiple Choice Directions: Read and understand the statements carefully.

Write the letter that best describes the statement. Write your answer in your
quiz notebook.
1. Are permanent because of the color-fast-dyes as the fabric is woven.

a. design by printing b. plaid design c. design by weaving

2. Is the arrangement of a design on a space resulting to phase of

equilibrium.

a. symmetrical balance b. balance c. informal balance

3. Is the equal visual weight of each side of an imaginary central vertical

line.

a. radial balance b. informal balance c. formal balance

4. Is where the design is balanced, but each side is different in some way.

a. formal balance b. informal balance c. radial balance

5. It is achieved when all parts if the designs are at equal distance from a
central point.

a. informal balance b. formal balance c. radial balance

6. It is achieved by the designer’s ability to create a center of interest by

which the viewer’s eyes are directed to a specific area of a garment.

a. rhythm b. harmony c. emphasis

7. It is the repetition of an accent to create an interesting design.

a. harmony b. rhythm c. emphasis

8. Is the pleasing and congruent arrangement of parts.

a. harmony b. rhythm c. emphasis

9. It creates a visual dimension of length and width.

a. line b. vertical c. horizontal

10. These affect the height and size of an individual.

a. directional line b. structural line c. neckline

 Additional Activities

Activity 2.3
Direction: View a video from the internet or television and other sources (magazine,
newspaper) showing different design. Make a scrap book.

Answer Key
Assessment What is it What I know
1. C 1. A
2. B 2. B
3. C 3. A
4. B 4. A
5. C 5. A
6. C
6. C
7. B
8. A
7. B
9. A 8. C
10.A 9. B
10. C
References

Bueza,H. 2014. Principles and Elements of Design. Technology and

Livelihood Education-Grade 9 Home Economics – Dresmaking. p. 4 to
10.

Home Economics: Dressmaking (Produce Sleeping Garments) Learner’s

Material.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph