Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content

Nonfiction Cause and Effect • Call Outs Forces and Sound

• Captions
• Labels
• Glossary

Scott Foresman Science 1.9

ISBN 0-328-13759-6

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 Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn?
attract instrument
1. How do musical instruments
force musical
make sound?
gravity note
magnet pluck
2. How do you play a wind
pole rhythm
instrument?
repel sound
speed vibration by NatalieHow
Goldstein
3. much
vibrate
air is in a bottle can change
what kind of sound is made
when you blow into it. Write
to explain how this works.
Use words from the book as
you write.

Picture Credits 4. Cause and Effect What

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
things must happen for a piano
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).

4 Park Street/PhotoEdit. to make music?

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.

ISBN: 0-328-13759-6

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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What You Already Know
Force is a push or pull that can move
things. There are different kinds of force.
You push a sled to make it move. Your
push is a force. You use force to throw a
ball. The force of gravity makes the ball
fall to the ground. Gravity pulls things
toward the ground.
You throw a ball with a lot of force. It
moves fast. You throw a ball with less force.
It moves slowly. Speed is how quickly or
slowly something moves.
Things move in different ways. Things
can move up and down. Things can move
right to left. Other things move in
a straight line, a curve, or
a zigzag. Things can be
in different places.
2 3
A magnet makes some metal things move.
A magnet has a north pole and a south pole.
Poles that are different attract each other.
Attract means to pull
toward. Poles that are
the same repel each
other. Repel means
to push away.
When a sound is
made something vibrates.
Vibrate means to move back
and forth very fast. When you hit a drum,
the force makes it vibrate. The vibrating
drum makes sound.
Sounds are all around. People make
sounds. Nature makes sounds. You will
read how musical sounds are made.
Sound and Music
When something vibrates, the air around
it vibrates too. The vibration moves through
the air. You hear sound when the vibration
gets to your ears.
Instruments vibrate to make sounds.
A musical sound is called a note.

Sound vibrations move through the air.

This makes the grains of rice jump.

Blowing air into a recorder makes vibrations.

Tapping piano keys makes vibrations too.
Different musical Hitting a pot makes it vibrate like a drum.
instruments make Different musical instruments make the air
different sounds
that we can hear.
vibrate differently. So different instruments
make different sounds.

4 5
Percussion
Tambourine
Some instruments make sound when
you hit or shake them. These are
percussion instruments.
A xylophone (ZEYE-luh-fohn) has bars.
Tapping the bars with a stick makes the bars
vibrate. Different bars make different sounds.

Drum

Tambourines and drums vibrate when

they are hit. Maracas vibrate when the seeds
inside them move.
Notes start and stop at different times.
This is called a rhythm (RITH-uhm).
Hit a drum. BOOM ba ba BOOM!
The drum plays the rhythm.
Xylophone

Maracas

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Blowing Notes
You blow air into some instruments.
The air vibrates inside the instrument.
The vibrations make sound.
Bottles that have a little water inside also
have lots of air inside. Blowing into them
makes the air vibrate. Low sounds happen.
What kind of sounds happen
when you blow into a bottle
with lots of water?
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Harmonica
Bassoon Oboe
Instruments you blow into
are called wind instruments.
A recorder is a wind instrument.
Blow into a recorder. The air
inside vibrates. A recorder
has small holes on one side.
Covering different holes
changes how the air inside
vibrates. It makes different
musical notes.
Recorder
 Brass instruments are wind
instruments made of metal.
Strings and Things
Trumpet
Many brass instruments Some instruments have strings to pluck,
have curves. The curves or pull. The strings vibrate. This makes the
change the way the air air inside the instrument move. Sound is made.
inside vibrates. This makes A guitar (gi-TAR) may have six strings.
different musical sounds. Thin strings make high notes. Thick strings
Some brass instruments have make low notes.
keys to press. Some have a slide
that moves. Keys and slides help
change notes.

Guitar

Tuba

Trombone

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 Harp
Cello
Violin
A violin (veye-uh-LIN) is a
string instrument. A bow moves
the strings. The air inside the
instrument vibrates.
Fingers press the strings down
as the bow moves. Pressing different
strings makes different notes.
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There are strings Strings
inside a piano.
Keys
A cello (CHEL-oh) is like a big violin.
Because it is bigger, it has more air inside.
A cello makes lower notes than a violin.
There are strings inside a piano. Near
each string is a tiny hammer. Tap a piano
key. One hammer moves. It hits one string.
The string vibrates and makes a note.
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Playing Together
All musical sounds are made by vibrating
air. Vibrations in musical instruments, water
bottles, and singing voices all make sounds.
A little air vibrating makes a different
sound than a lot of air vibrating. Different
instruments vibrate in different ways. This is
why instruments make different musical
sounds. Together, the sounds can make many
kinds of music.

Cymbals

Clarinet French horn

Cello

Violin

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 Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn?
Glossary
attract instrument
1. How do musical instruments
force musical
something make sound?
instrument
gravity notethat makes music
magnet pluck
musical havingrhythm
to do with music 2. How do you play a wind
pole
instrument?
repel sound
note
speed a musical sound
vibration
3. How much
vibrate
pluck to pick or pull air is in a bottle can change
what kind of sound is made
rhythm the way notes start and stop when you blow into it. Write
to explain how this works.
sound what happens when vibrating Use words from the book as
air reaches someone’s ears you write.

vibration
Picture Credits
fast movement back and forth 4. Cause and Effect What
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
things must happen for a piano
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).

4 Park Street/PhotoEdit. to make music?

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.

ISBN: 0-328-13759-6

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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