BBA LLB, 3rd Semester

Computer Applications in Law (BBALLBS301)

BBA LLB 3A
2022-23

Study Material
(Computer Applications in Law, BBALLBS301)
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Table of Contents
Sl No. Topic Name Page No
1 Internet & Introduction to modern business technologies 1-5

Brief Idea and History of the Internet:

The Internet is a global network of connected computers and servers that enables the exchange of information and
resources. It has its origins in the 1960s with the development of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network) by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPANET was
designed to facilitate communication and resource sharing between research institutions and military
organizations. It used packet switching technology, where data is divided into packets for efficient transmission.

The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite, developed by Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn in the
1970s, standardized the communication protocols that form the backbone of the Internet. This suite allowed
different networks to interconnect and communicate effectively, leading to the birth of the modern Internet.

Soumya Roy
Assistant Professor and Computational Science
Brainware University, Kolkata 1
BBA LLB, 3rd Semester
Computer Applications in Law (BBALLBS301)
BBA LLB 3A
2022-23

Network Devices:
• Router: A router is a device that connects different networks and forwards data packets between them. It
determines the best path for data to travel, optimizing network traffic.
• Switch: Switches are used to connect devices within a local network. They manage data traffic between
devices, improving the efficiency of data transmission.
• Modem: Short for "modulator-demodulator," a modem converts digital data from a computer into analog
signals for transmission over telephone lines (for dial-up) or digital signals for broadband connections.

Protocols:
• TCP/IP: The TCP/IP protocol suite comprises a set of rules governing how data is transmitted and received
over the Internet. It includes protocols like HTTP (for web browsing), FTP (for file transfer), and SMTP (for
email).
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used for transferring web pages and resources. It defines how web
browsers request and receive web content.
• SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for sending and receiving emails. It enables email servers to
communicate and deliver messages.

Soumya Roy
Assistant Professor and Computational Science
Brainware University, Kolkata 2
BBA LLB, 3rd Semester
Computer Applications in Law (BBALLBS301)
BBA LLB 3A
2022-23

Web Browser:
A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and interact with websites and web content. It
interprets HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files and displays them as web pages. Examples of web browsers
include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge.

Introduction to Email:
Email (electronic mail) is a method of sending and receiving digital messages between users. It allows asynchronous
communication, where participants don't need to be online simultaneously. Emails can contain text, attachments,
images, and more.

Working Procedure of Email:

1. Compose: The sender creates an email using an email client (e.g., Outlook, Gmail) and specifies the
recipient's address, subject, and content.
2. Send: The email client communicates with the sender's email server using SMTP. The email server routes
the message through the Internet to the recipient's server.
3. Receive: The recipient's email server receives the email and stores it in the recipient's mailbox.
4. Retrieve: The recipient's email client retrieves the email from the server using protocols like IMAP (Internet
Message Access Protocol) or POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3).
5. Read and Respond: The recipient reads the email, composes a response, and the process continues.

Soumya Roy
Assistant Professor and Computational Science
Brainware University, Kolkata 3
BBA LLB, 3rd Semester
Computer Applications in Law (BBALLBS301)
BBA LLB 3A
2022-23

Email Security: Email security involves protecting email communication from unauthorized access and threats.
Measures include:
• Encryption: Encrypting email content to prevent interception and unauthorized reading.
• Authentication: Verifying the sender's identity using digital signatures and authentication mechanisms.
• Anti-malware: Scanning emails for malware and malicious attachments.
• Spam Filtering: Filtering out spam emails to reduce unwanted messages.

Email Gateway: An email gateway is a server or device that acts as an entry or exit point for emails entering or
leaving a network. It scans emails for security threats, spam, and performs routing based on defined rules.

Email Encryption: Email encryption ensures that the contents of an email are only readable by the intended
recipient. Encryption algorithms encode the message content, and decryption keys are required to read the
message.

E-business: E-business refers to using electronic platforms and technology to conduct business processes,
transactions, and interactions. It encompasses online shopping, online payments, online marketing, customer
support, and more. E-business has expanded significantly with the growth of the Internet.

Drive Storage and Online Tools for Business:

• Cloud Storage: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and Microsoft OneDrive offer storage in the cloud. They
allow businesses to store, sync, and share files across devices and users.
• Online Collaboration Tools: Platforms like Slack facilitate team communication and collaboration. Project
management tools like Trello and Asana help manage tasks and projects.

Soumya Roy
Assistant Professor and Computational Science
Brainware University, Kolkata 4
BBA LLB, 3rd Semester
Computer Applications in Law (BBALLBS301)
BBA LLB 3A
2022-23

• Video Conferencing: Tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Skype enable remote meetings and
collaboration through video and audio calls.
• E-commerce Platforms: Platforms like Shopify, WooCommerce, and Magento enable businesses to set up
and manage online stores.
• Document Sharing: Google Workspace (formerly G Suite) offers tools like Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides
for collaborative document creation and sharing.

These tools and technologies have transformed the way businesses operate, communicate, and interact with
customers in the digital age.

Soumya Roy
Assistant Professor and Computational Science
Brainware University, Kolkata 5