NSTP-FINALS

LESSON I. MONITORING AND EVALUATION  To ensure the inputs, activities and outputs proceed
according to plan
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
 Determine whether the inputs are optimally utilized
 It is a process of looking into the status of the  Ensuring all activities are carried out by the right
implementation to determine areas of weakness and people and in time
strengths.  To provide record of inputs, activities, and outputs
 To warn of deviations from objectives
 It is concerned with how objectives are being
 To assist managers in making decisions
attained, and what necessary adjustments have to be
 Monitoring should take place at and be integrated
done in the course of plan implementation.
into all stages of the project cycle
WHAT IS MONITORING?
EVALUATION
 Looking into the process, going towards the target,
right selection of beneficiaries Judging, appraising, determining the worth, value, or
 Procedures are being followed according to the work quality of a project to make necessary decisions.
plan In terms of:
 Relevance
 Meeting our target or not, activity monitoring  Effectiveness
 Efficiency
 Continuous information collection/analysis/reporting
 Sustainability
for decision making
 Impact
 Program is going in right direction as planned in the
project document FIVE STRATEGIC EVALUATION QUESTIONS
MONITORING
Relevance: The extent to which the objectives
Systematic recording of: of a development intervention are consistent
with beneficiaries’ requirements, and partner’s
Observations and donor’s policies.
Information gathering Effectiveness: Doing the right things
Analysis Efficiency: doing things right
Documentation Sustainability: Meeting needs without
Reflection comprising the ability of future generations to
Action meet their needs (project will continue after
donors’ intervention)
WHAT IS NOT MONITORING? Impact: Positive or negative, direct or indirect
Policing or imposing long-term impact produced by a development
Pointing out intervention.

MONITORING TOOLS EVALUATION PROVIDES INFORMATION

Staff meetings – weekly, monthly, annually
Partners meeting / Learning Forums / Retreat
Participatory Reviews – Stakeholders
Monitoring and Supervision Mission
Progress reports
GOALS OF MONITORING
Strategy: Are the right things being done?
 Rationale or justification
 Impact
Operation: Are things being right?
 Effectiveness in achieving expected outcomes
 Efficiency in optimizing resources
 Client satisfaction
 NSTP-FINALS

Learning: Are there better ways?

 Alternatives
 Lesson learned

FORMS OF EVALUATION

Formative Evaluation
o  Evaluation intended to improve performance,
most often conducted during the design and/or
implementation phases of projects or programs
Summative Evaluation Difference between Monitoring and Evaluation
o A study conducted at the end of an
intervention to determine the extent to which Monitoring Evaluation
anticipated outcomes were produced. Objective To track To validate
changes from what results
TYPES OF EVALUATION baseline were achieved,
conditions to and how and
Participatory evaluation desired why they were
Evaluation in which representatives of agencies outcomes. or were not
and stakeholders work together in designing, achieved
carrying out and interpreting an evaluation. Methodology Tracks and Evaluates
assesses achievement or
Process based evaluation performance outcomes by
An evaluation of the internal dynamics of a through comparing
analysis and indicators
project, its policy instruments, its service delivery
comparison of before and after
mechanisms, its management practices, and the
indicators over the
linkages among these. time intervention.
Involves Value
Outcome-based evaluation Judgement
It facilitates the asking if the organization is Relies on
doing right activities to bring about the expected monitoring data
outcomes and information
from external
Self-evaluation sources
An evaluation by those who are entrusted with Characteristics Continuous and Time-bound,
the design and delivery of a project. systematic by periodic,
Programme/ indepth.
Project Internal or
Goal-based evaluation
Managers and External
Evaluating the extent to which projects are
key partners. evaluators and
meeting predetermined goal/impact. partners
Uses Alert managers Provides
Relationship of monitoring and evaluation about problems managers /
in performance, Donors /
provides stakeholders
options for with strategy
corrective and policy
actions and options,
 NSTP-FINALS

helps provides basis CHAPTER 2: NATIONAL SECURITY INTERESTS

demonstrates for learning and
accountability. demonstrates Public Safety and Order
accountability Territorial Integrity
Economic Solidarity
Moral-Spiritual Consensus
Cultural Cohesiveness
Ecological Balance
External Peace & Harmony

CHAPTER 3: NATIONAL SECURITY VISION

The Government of the Republic of the Philippines

envisions by 2022, a united and secure nation wherein
the people’s core values, welfare and well-being, way of
life; territorial integrity and sovereignty are protected
and enhanced.

KEY USES OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION CHAPTER 4: NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES

Improve performance of on-going projects INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Accountability
Warn of deviations from goals Law & Order and Criminality
Review inputs, activities, and results Illegal Drugs
Performance Reporting Criminality
Decision making Crimes against person
 Improving implementation
Internal Armed Conflicts
Periodic review
Communist insurgency
 Improving planning
Secessionist movement
LESSON II. OUR NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY FOR
Terrorism & Transnational Crimes
CHANGE AND FILIPINOS WELL-BEING
ASG
NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY Transnational crimes

CHAPTER 1: NSP PURPOSE Economic and Social Threats

Poverty
 provides a roadmap for the attainment of the Graft and corruption
country’s security vision and mission; Resource Security (Food, Human Resources, Energy
 outlines national security priorities based on realistic and Water)
analyses of risks and opportunities;
 offers a strategic direction on how to protect and EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
enhance our national interests, and
 introduces actions and measures for its effective Overlapping Territorial and Maritime Claims and other
management and implementation Regional Concerns
 NSTP-FINALS

The West Philippine Sea and elsewhere Proliferation of Ideas and Capabilities
Encroachments into PHL EEZ
Possible Korean Peninsula Conflict  Difficult to tell who has what and how they might use
capabilities in noble ways
Global & Regional Geopolitical Issues
United States Events Unfolding Faster and Radiating Further
Japan  Assessing threats and specific risk must look beyond
ASEAN the proximate
China
Others (South Korea, Australia, Russia and India) Complex Information Environment
 Information, misinformation and wrong information
Global Uncertainty and WMD increasingly available
Arms Race  Importance of Strategic Communications:
Nuclear Proliferation Perceptions as important as reality
 Difficult to prioritize National Security Concerns
OTHER STRATEGIC ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Difficulty in Deciphering Root Causes of the Problem
Technological Advances & Threats of Cyber Attacks  Addressing factors that contribute to the threat will
Technological advances and dependency be more of the norms.
Protection of critical infrastructure
Cyber security threats The security environment is characterized by several
types of uncertainty – of capabilities, of control of
Climate Change and its National Security Risks resources, of the trajectory, pace and origin of threats –
Climate change & global warming difficult choices and trade-offs and, ironically, an
Environmental degradation abundance of information.
Disasters and crises
QUIZ
Institutional Concerns
Deterioration of values in the security sector, political No recordings and inputs about a certain activity is a
system, and bureaucracy part of goals in monitoring
Welfare and safety of OFWs - FALSE
Providing basic services: food, water, housing,
education, health and nutrition, & energy Which of the following provides information to the
evaluation on the client’s satisfaction?
New Source of Threats, Challenges and Opportunities - Impact

Gathering continuous information is part of monitoring.

 Control of resources, territory, labor and influence
not always clear or stable - Selected: True This
 New political, economic, technological and
environment challenges (e.g. law and order problems) Which of the following is the process of looking into the
status of the implementation to determine areas of
More Resources to Deal with a Disparate Threat weakness and strengths?
Spectrum - Monitoring and Evaluation

 A wide-range of actors-including individuals-are

Options should always be considered to have a back-up
increasingly empowered
plan.
 NSTP-FINALS
- Selected: True This
It a systematic recording that shows an idea about
something, especially one that is written down or
expressed.
- Reflection This
The use of evaluation to alert the managers about the
problems in performance of the staff.
- Selected: False This
It means judging, appraising, determining the worth,
value, or quality of a project to make necessary
decisions.
- Evaluation This
Creating basic policies in an organization is not that
important.
- Selected: False This
At what stage of a program should monitoring take
place?
- throughout the program
LESSON III. OUR NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY FOR
CHANGE AND FILIPINOS WELL-BEING
CHAPTER 5: NATIONAL SECURITY GOALS AND
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
NS Goal: PROMOTE PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER
Strategic Objectives:
1. Promote participatory governance through the
synergy of the three branches of Government and
through the devolution and decentralization of the
political power and responsibility of local government
units.
2. Launch a holistic program to combat illegal drugs,
corruption, crime and terrorism.
3. Strengthen the rule of law by instituting reforms to
the five pillars of the criminal justice system.
4. Highlight the culture of conciliation to end all forms
of conflicts
5. Bolster the capability of the Intelligence Community
on strategic foresight and utilize National Intelligence
Estimates for national security decision-making
6. Work towards the passage of peace and national
security legislations that would strengthen security
sector governance and transformation
NS Goal: SAFEGUARD TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY AND
SOVEREIGNTY
Strategic Objectives:
1. Promote external harmonious relationship and
strengthen alliances and strategic partnership with our
neighbors and the world at large
2. Pursue regional and international cooperation in
various areas and identify new cooperative security
arrangements with allies and neighbors
3. Develop defense capability to protect our sovereignty
and strategic maritime interests
4. Provide government funding for studies on strategic
industries and innovative technologies for defense and
security
NS Goal: BOLSTER ECONOMIC STRENGTH AND
SOLIDARITY
Strategic Objectives:
1. Ensure peaceful and conducive environment to
eradicate poverty and achieve the 10-point
socio-economic development agenda
2. Strengthen cyber security and develop strategies to
protect vital and critical infrastructures and that would
prevent new and emerging technologies from becoming
national security threats
3. Harness the knowledge and experienced gained by
Global Pinoys and ensure social protection for the
families they left behind
4. Address smuggling and counterfeiting activities that
destroy the economy
5. Treat food security, health security, energy security,
water security and transport security as important
national security priorities
NS Goal: PROTECT AND PRESERVE ECOLOGICAL
BALANCE
Strategic Objectives:
 NSTP-FINALS

1. Enhance the security sectors capability for
humanitarian assistance and disaster response
2. Protect the country’s forests and marine ecosystems
3. Institutionalize climate change adaptation measures
4. Adhere to international protocol and standards on
global warming and climate change
5. Adopt smart technology such as rainwater collection
and impoundment
4. Strengthen law enforcement cooperative
arrangements
5. Promote “Global Pinoys” as instruments for best
practices and nation building
CHAPTER 6: ORGANIZATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

NS Goal: PROMOTE CULTURAL COHESIVENESS

Strategic Objectives:
1. Strengthen social protection programs
2. Enlarge avenues for greater stakeholders’
participation in governance and nation-building
3. Pursue ethical standards in public and private service
4. Uphold the culture of meritocracy and honor in the CHAPTER 7: RESOURCE GENERATION FOR NATIONAL
promotion in the security sectors SECURITY

NS Goal: PROMOTE MORAL AND SPIRITUAL 1. Human Resource Development

CONSENSUS 2. Legislations and Executive Issuances
3. Funding and Budgetary Resources
Strategic Objectives: 4. Strategic Industries / Flagship Projects
1. Regularly convene the institutions for national
security to unify efforts in decision making STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES (AS PER E.O. 226 –
2. Raise public awareness in promoting Filipino unity, INVESTMENT PRIORITIES PLAN (IPP)
nationalism and teamwork
3. Enhance integrity development at all school levels 1. Agriculture/Agribusiness and Fishery
4. Encourage the ruling elites to promote the common 2. Creative Industries/Knowledge-Based Services
good 3. Shipbuilding
5. Revive programs that would instill love of country 4. Mass Housing
6. Strictly enforce policies that would level political and 5. Iron and Steel
economic playing fields 6. Energy
7. Infrastructure
NS Goal: CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL PEACE AND 8. Research and Development
HARMONY 9. Green Projects
10.Motor Vehicles
Strategic Objectives: 11.Strategic Projects
12.Hospital/Medical Services
1. Ensure an independent foreign policy and pro- 13.Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Recovery
actively venture on opportunities to promote Projects
national interests
2. Promote “rules-based” international order and pro- OTHER STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES
active diplomacy
3. Contribute to UN peacekeeping operations in conflict 1. Education Industry
areas and pursue friendly and constructive relations 2. Bio-Technology
with all nations 3. Banking and Finance
 NSTP-FINALS

4. Constructions and Manufacturing  Win public trust particularly to the security forces in
5. Services order to foster cooperation and ensure safety in the
6. Transportation and Automobile communities.
7. Water  Harness the media outfits, the Internet websites and
8. Strategic Materials satellite/cable television channels, think tanks, and
9. Electronics other platforms as the communication system for
10. Space Industry information sharing, innovation, and feedback to key
11. Tourism security issues with national and international
12. Film Industry significance.
13. Cultural Heritage  Devote resources to better manage the information
14. Land Combat System and effectively communicate its message to the public.
15. Weapons and Ammunitions
16. Aircraft CHAPTER 11: SUMMARY
17. Mass Media The current Administration, through the National
Security Policy, is committed to:
CHAPTER 8: NATIONAL SECURITY PRIORITIES  Achieve the national security vision and mission now
and in the years to come;
Human/Personal Security  Create the conditions conducive for economic and
Cultural Security human development, with emphasis on human security,
Food Security health security, food security, rule of law and respect
Economic Security for human rights;
Environment and Resources Security
Energy Security The current Administration, through the National
Cybersecurity Security Policy, is committed to:
Military and Border Security  Develop a system of national security, which is rules-
Disaster Security based and adequately responsive to security risks and
Information Security opportunities; and
Geostrategic Security  Enhance the process, the scope, and composition of
the national security system that could effectively and
CHAPTER 9: MANAGING CRISES AND NATIONAL efficiently implement the strategic programs in this
EMERGENCIES National Security Policy.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

 It is a process of looking into the status of the
implementation to determine areas of weakness and
strengths.
 It is concerned with how objectives are being
attained, and what necessary adjustments have to be
done in the course of plan implementation.

CHAPTER 10: STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION

PROGRAMS
 Address the need to inform the people of the
concerns and challenges affecting the people’s well-
being, their lives, their livelihood, and their future.
 NSTP-FINALS

• Monitoring and Supervision Mission

What is monitoring?
 Looking into the process, going towards the target,
right selection of beneficiaries
 Procedures are being followed according to the work
plan
 Meeting our target or not, activity monitoring
 Continuous information collection/analysis/reporting
for decision making
 Program is going in right direction as planned in the
project document monitoring
Systematic recording of:
• Progress reports Goals of monitoring
• To ensure the inputs, activities and outputs proceed
according to plan
• Determine whether the inputs are optimally utilized
• Ensuring all activities are carried out by the right
people and in time
• To provide record of inputs, activities, and outputs
• To warn of deviations from objectives
• To assist managers in making decisions
• Monitoring should take place at and be integrated
into all stages of the project cycle
EVALUATION
Judging, appraising, determining the worth, value, or
quality of a project to make necessary decisions.
In terms of: Five strategic evaluation questions
◾ Relevance: The extent to which the objectives of a
development intervention are consistent with
beneficiaries requirements, and partner’s and donor’s
policies.

◾ Observations ◾ Effectiveness: doing the right things

◾ Information gathering ◾ Efficiency: doing things right

◾ Analysis ◾ Sustainability: Meeting needs without comprising the

◾ Documentation
ability of future generations tomeet their needs (project
will continue after donors intervention)

◾ Impact: Positive or negative, direct or indirect long-

◾ Reflection

◾ Action
term impact produced by adevelopment intervention.

Evaluation provides information

Strategy: Are the right things being done?
What is not monitoring?

◾ Policing or imposing
- Rationale or justification
- Impact

◾ Pointing out
Operation: Are things being right?
- Effectiveness in achieving expected outcomes
- Efficiency in optimizing resources
- Client satisfaction Learning: Are there better
Monitoring tools
ways?
• Staff meetings – weekly, monthly, annually
- Alternatives
• Partners meeting / Learning Forums / Retreat
- Lesson learned
• Participatory Reviews – Stakeholders
 NSTP-FINALS

Forms of evaluation Monitoring Evaluation

 Formative Evaluation Objective To track To validate what
o Evaluation intended to improve performance, changes from results were
most often conducted during the design and/or baseline achieved, and how
implementation phases of projects or programs conditions to and why they were
 Summative Evaluation desired or were not
outcomes. achieved
o A study conducted at the end of an intervention
Methodology Tracks and Evaluates
to determine the extent to which anticipated
assess achievement or
outcomes were produced. performance outcomes by
through comparing
Types of evaluation analysis and indicators before
 Participatory evaluation comparison and after the
o Evaluation in which representatives of agencies of indicators intervention.
and stakeholders work together in designing, over time Involves Value
carrying out and interpreting an evaluation. Judgement Relies
 Process based evaluation on monitoring data
o An evaluation of the internal dynamics of a and information
project, its policy instruments, its service from external
sources
delivery mechanisms, its management
Characteristic Continuous Time-bound,
practices, and the linkages among these.
s and periodic, in-depth.
 Outcome-based evaluation
systematic by Internal or External
o It facilitates the asking if the organization is Programmed evaluators and
doing right activities to bring about the / Project partners
expected outcomes Managers
 Self evaluation and key
o An evaluation by those who are entrusted with partners.
the design and delivery of a project. Uses Alert Provides managers /
 Goal-based evaluation managers Donors/stakeholder
o Evaluating the extent to which projects are about s with strategy and
meeting predetermined goal / impact. problems in policy options,
performance, provides the basis
provides for learning, and
options for demonstrates
corrective accountability.
actions and
helps
demonstrate
s
accountabilit
y

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MONITORING AND

EVALUATION
 NSTP-FINALS

There are five main reasons for states to have an

integrated and detailed
NSP:
 to ensure that the government addresses all
threats in a comprehensive manner
 to increase the effectiveness of the security
sector by Optimizing contributions from all
security actors
 to guide the implementation of policy
 to build domestic consensus
 to enhance regional and international
confidence and cooperation
NATIONAL SECURITY GOALS AND STRATEGIC
Key Uses of monitoring and evaluation OBJECTIVE
 Improve performance of on- 1. Promote Security and Order
going projects 2. Safeguard Territorial Integrity and Sovereignty
 Accountability 3. Bolster Economic Strength and Solidarity
 Warn of deviations from goals 4. Protect and Preserve Ecological Balance
5. Promote Cultural Cohesiveness
 Review inputs, activities, and
6. Promote Moral and Spiritual Consensus
results
7. Contribute Global Peace and Harmony
 Performance Reporting
 Decision making
 Improving implementation
 Periodic review
 Improving planning
What to monitor?
 Focus on key needs of
management and different
stakeholders
 Maintaining minimum
accountability and transparency
standard
 Key outputs of the project and
program
Key outputs of the project and program
 There should be:
 No activities without records
 No records without analysis
 No analysis without learning
 No learning without action

NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

- It is a framework for describing how a country
provides security for the state and its citizens, and is
often presented as an integrated document.