CHANGE OF AXES

CHANGE OF
AXES
CHANGE OF AXES
CHANGE OF AXES
Rotation of axes

If the axes are rotated through an angle  without

changing the position of origin, the transformation is
called “Rotation of Axes”.

Y y X


x' x
O

X' y' Y'

CHANGE OF AXES
Theorem: If the co-ordinates (x,y) of a point ‘P’ are
transformed to (X,Y) when the axes are rotated through an
angle ‘’ about origin then x=Xcos -Ysin  and
y=Xsin +Ycos 
X
Proof Y y


x' x
O

X' y' Y'

Let ‘’ be the angle through which the axes are to be

rotated about the origin.
CHANGE OF AXES

Y y X


x' x
O

X' y' Y'

Let xOx1, yOy1 be the original axes

and (XOX1) and (YOY1) be the new axes

then angle  xOX=  and yOY=  .

CHANGE OF AXES
P(x,y)
(X,Y) Let ‘P’ be a point in the plane
Y y  X
Q N
whose coordinates are (x,y) and
 (X,Y) with reference to original
 and new axes respectively.
x' x
O M L

X' y' Y'

Let M and N be the projections of ‘P’ on Ox and OX.

Let Q and L be the projections of ‘N’ on PM and Ox then

QPN= xOX=
CHANGE OF AXES
P(x,y)
(X,Y)
X OM=x, PM=y, ON=X, PN=Y
Y y 
Q N
 PQ QN
From PQN cos= , sin= ,

PN PN
x' x
O M L

X' y' Y'

OL NL
From OLN cos= , sin=
ON
,
ON
CHANGE OF AXES
P(x,y)
x=OM =OL -ML (X,Y)
Y y  X
Q N
=OL-QN 

=ONcos-PNsin 
x' M L x
O
x=Xcos-Ysin
X' y' Y'
y=PM =PQ +QM
=PQ+NL
=PNcos+ONsin
y=Xsin+Ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
Note
If the co-ordinates (x,y) of a point are transformed to (X,Y)
whenRemembering
the axes areallrotated through an angle ‘’ about the
these four
origin ,then
formulae is difficult
So, we follow transformation
x=Xcos -Ysin table
 X=xcos +ysin 

y=Xsin +Ycos Y=-xsin +ycos

CHANGE OF AXES
The above formulae can be remembered easily by using
the following table called “transformation table”.
 X Y
x cos -sin
y sin cos

From this table

X= xcos -Ysin
x= Xcos +ysin
Y=
y= -xsin+ycos
Xsin +Ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
1. If the coordinates (x,y) are transformed to
(X,Y) through an angle ‘’ about the origin MCQS
then x=

1) Xcos+Ysin

2) Xcos-Ysin

3) Xsin+Ycos

4) Xsin-Ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
2. If the coordinates (x,y) are transformed to (X,Y) through
an angle ‘’ about the origin then X=

1) xcos+ysin

2) xcos-ysin

3) xsin+ycos

4) xsin-ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
CHANGE OF AXES

Note
❖ If f(x,y)=0 be the equation of the curve then its
transformed equation when the axes are rotated
through an angle ‘’ about the origin is
f(Xcos-Ysin, Xsin+Ycos) = 0

since
x=Xcos-Ysin
y= Xsin+Ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
❖ If f(X,Y)=0 be the transformed equation of the curve
then its original equation when the axes are rotated
through an angle ‘’ about the origin is
f(xcos+ysin, -xsin+ycos) = 0

❖ If the rotation is clock wise direction then replace

‘’ by ‘- ’.

since
X = xcos+ysin
Y = -xsin+ycos
CHANGE OF AXES
Theorem: The angle of rotation of axes to eliminate xy
term in the equation ax2+2hxy+by2=0 is
1 2h
a−b if a  b
tan-1
2
π
if a = b
4

Proof Let  be the required angle of rotation

Do you know the
formula
Let (X,Y) for x,y?
be the new co-ordinates of (x,y) then

x=Xcos -Ysin  y=Xsin +Ycos 

 CHANGE OF AXES
 The transformed equation is
a(Xcos-Ysin )2 +2h(Xcos -Ysin )(Xsin +Ycos )
+b(Xsin +Ycos )2 =0
Substitute x,y
 a(X2cos2+Y2sin2-2XYsincos)
Given original in this equation
+2h(X2equation
cossin+XYcos 2
is
ax2+2hxy+by 2=0
- XYsin -Y sincos)
2 2
In this step write
, y2,+Y
+b(Xx22sin 2xy cos +2XYsincos)=0
2 2 2

terms separately..
CHANGE OF AXES
 X2(acos2+2hcossin+bsin2)

+2XY(-acossin+h(cos2-sin2)+bsincos)

This +Y
value is 2-2hsincos+bcos2)=0
2(asin
equal to ‘zero'

To eliminate XY term from the above equation

coefficient of XY=0
CHANGE OF AXES
 -2asincos+2h(cos2-sin2)+2bsincos=0
We know that
 -asin2+2hcos2+bsin2=0
sin2=2sincos
cos2= cos2-sin2
 2hcos2 = sin2(a-b) →(1)
2h
 tan2θ =
a−b
2h
 2θ = tan−𝟏
a−b
1 2h if ab
θ= tan−𝟏
2 a−b
CHANGE OF AXES
If a=b, (1)2hcos2=0
2hcos2= sin2(a-b)→(1)
cos2=0

2=/2

=/4

 The required angle

1 2h if ab
θ = tan−𝟏
2 a−b
𝛑
= if a=b
4
CHANGE OF AXES
Note

➢ If  is an angle of rotation to eliminate xy term in

nπ
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0 then +, nZ is also an
2
angle of rotation to eliminate the xy term
CHANGE OF AXES
Note

➢ By translation of axes or by rotation of axes, length of

the line segment, area, perimeter, position of a point,
angle between the two lines are not changed.

➢ Co-ordinates of the point and equation of the curve are

changed.
CHANGE OF AXES
1. The angle of rotation of axes to eliminate
xy term in the equation ax2+2hxy+by2=0 is MCQS
1 2h
1) tan-1 if ab
2 a−b
1 2h
2) tan-1 if ab
2 a+b
1 h
3) tan-1 if ab
2 a+b
1 h
4) tan-1 if ab
2 a−b
CHANGE OF AXES
2. The angle of rotation of axes to eliminate xy term in
the equation ax2+2hxy+by2=0 is

π
1) if a=b
2
π
2) if a=b
4
π
3) if a=b
3
π
4) if a=b
6
CHANGE OF AXES
CHANGE OF AXES
1) i) IfHere,
the we
axes are
find X,Yrotated through an angle 300, then

find the bycoordinates

using of (1, 2) in the new system.
transformation
Solution Given original coordinates (1,2)
table
Let (X, Y) be the new coordinates of the given point.
The transformation table is
300 X Y
x cos -sin
y sin cos
CHANGE OF AXES
X=xcos+ysin
We know that
Y=-xsin+ycos
x=1, y=2 & =300
3 1 3+2
Now X= 1 +2 =
2 2 2

1 3 −1+2 3
Y= 1 − +2 =
2 2 2
The new coordinates are
3+2 −1+2 3
,
2 2
CHANGE OF AXES
2) ii) When the axes are rotated through an angle of 600
the point P is changed as (3, 4). Find P. 0
60 X=3 Y=4
Solution Given that =600, (X,Y)=(3,4) x cos -sin
y sin cos
3 4 3 3−4 3
x=Xcos60 0-Ysin600
Here, we find = by− =
Given point (3,4)x,y
2 either
is 2 2
Clearly it is
using transformation
original coordinate or
new coordinate
new table 3 3 4
coordinate
y=Xsin600+Ycos600 = 3 3+4
+ =
2 2 2

3−4 3 3 3+4
P= ,
2 2
CHANGE OF AXES
3) Find the angle to which the axes be rotated to remove
the xy term from the equation
x2 + 4xy + y2 – 2x + 2y – 6 =0
Solution Given equation is x2 + 4xy + y2 – 2x + 2y – 6 =0

coefficient of
1 x2 =
−𝟏coefficient
2h of y2.
What = tanformula to
is2the a−b
Compare
remove this with
xy term?
That means a=b
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0
π
If a=b, =
We get the required angle of rotation
4
π
=
4
CHANGE OF AXES
4) Find the transformed equation of x cos + y sin = p if
the axes are rotated through an angle .
SolutionHere, we find x,y value by
using
Let (X, Y) transformation
be the table of (x, y).
new coordinates
and substitute in the given
equation
The transformation table is

 X Y
x cos -sin
y sin cos
CHANGE OF AXES
Now x=Xcos-Ysin , y=Xsin+Ycos  X Y
x cos -sin
The transformed equation is y sin cos
(Xcos-Ysin)cos +(Xsin+Ycos)sin=P

 Xcos2-Ysincos +Xsin2+Ysincos=P

 X(cos2+sin2) =P

 X=P
CHANGE OF AXES
5) Find the transformed equation of 3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 = 9
when the axes are rotated through an angle /4.
Solution Let (X, Y) be the new coordinates of (x, y).
Angle of rotation  = /4.

Here, /4
we findXx,y values
Y by
x cos -sintable
using transformation
and ysubstitute in the
sin cos
given equation
π π X−Y
x=Xcos
Now 4 = 2
−Ysin
4
π π X+Y
y=Xsin +Ycos =
4 4 2
CHANGE OF AXES
The transformed equation is

X−Y 𝟐+10 X−Y X+Y X+Y 𝟐

=3 +3 =9
2 2 2 2
3(X𝟐 +Y𝟐 −2XY) +10(X𝟐 −Y𝟐 ) +3(X𝟐 +Y𝟐 +2XY)
 =9
2
16X𝟐 −4Y𝟐
 =9
2
After simplification of
 8X2-2Y2=9
numerator, we get
CHANGE OF AXES
6) If the transformed equation of a curve is 17X2 – 16XY +
17Y2 = 225 when the axes are rotated through an angle
450, then find the original equation of the curve.
Solution Let (x, y) be the original coordinates of (X, Y).
Angle of rotation  = 450.
π π
X = xcos +ysin 450 X Y
4 4
x+y x cos -sin
= y sin cos
2
π π
Y = ycos −xsin
4 4
y−x
=
2
CHANGE OF AXES

The original equation of the curve is

x+y 𝟐 x+y y−x y−x 𝟐

=17 -16 +17 =225
2 2 2 2

17 2 16 17
= (x +2xy+y2) - 2 (y2-x2) + (x2-2xy+y2) =225
2 2

 25x 2+9y2=225
After simplification,
we get
CHANGE OF AXES
Ex2.2.3) Find the transformed equation of x2+2 3xy-y2=2a2
when the axes are rotated through an angle 300.
Solution
Here, we find x,y values by
Let using
(X, Y)transformation
be the new coordinates
table of (x, y).
Given and
=30substitute
0 in the
given equation
The transformation table is

300 X Y
x cos -sin
y sin cos
CHANGE OF AXES
 x=Xcos300-Ysin300 300 X Y
 y=Xsin300+Ycos300 x cos -sin
3X−Y X+ 3Y y sin cos
 x= , y=
2 2
The transformed equation is
𝟐 𝟐
3X−Y 3X−Y X+ 3Y X+ 3Y
= +2 3 - =2a2
2 2 2 2

 3X2-2 3XY+Y2+2 3( 3X2+3XY-XY- 3Y2) -X2-3Y2-2 3XY=8a2

CHANGE OF AXES
 3X2-2 3XY+Y2+6X2+6 3XY-2 3XY
-6Y2-X2-3Y2-2 3XY=8a2

 8X2-8Y2=8a2

 X2-Y2=a2
CHANGE OF AXES

Thank you…