An Overview

Prepared by:
ROY S. QUITO, MSN, RN
DEFINITION OF A COMMUNITY

“What is your
concept of a
Community?”
DEFINITION OF A COMMUNITY?

COMMUNITY
• A social group of
people interacting
with each other,
determined by
geographic
boundaries, living
together to attain
certain and common
goals and sharing the
same interest.
Maglaya, A. (2012) Nursing Practice in the Community, 8th ed.,
Marikina City: Argonauta Corporation
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNITY
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNITY

RURAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNITY

RURAL URBAN
CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMMUNITY

RURAL URBAN SUBURBAN

COMPARISON b/w RURAL and URBAN
COMMUNITY
RURAL
• Scarcely populated
• Limited access to health
care services and resources
• Restricted recreational
facility
• Very close knit families
• People know neighbors’ name
• Sources of income range
from farming, fishing and
mining
SUBURBAN / RURBAN –
mixed rural and urban
URBAN
• Thickly populated
• Better access to health
resources and services
• With greater number of
recreational facilities
• Families are isolated from
one another
• Don’t know who are their
neighbors
• More diverse economic
resources ranging from
business to professionals
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
COMMUNITY
A healthy community be it rural, urban
or suburban has the following
characteristics:
• Awareness that “we are community”
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
COMMUNITY

• Conservation of natural resources

 CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
COMMUNITY

• Participation
in community
programs/
activities
Operasyon Linis
Sa Barangay
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
COMMUNITY

• Preparation
and readiness
to meet crises/
disasters
 CONCEPT OF HEALTH

Health is a state of being well and using every

power the individual possesses to the fullest
extent.
 CONCEPT OF HEALTH

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
(definition endorsed by WHO and Center for Disease Control and
Prevention)
 CONCEPT OF HEALTH
HEALTH PROMOTION VS.
DISEASE PREVENTION

HEALTH PROMOTION
• behavior having an incentive desire to increase
well-being to realize human potential for health.
 CONCEPT OF HEALTH
HEALTH PROMOTION VS.
DISEASE PREVENTION

DISEASE PREVENTION
• behavior having an incentive desire to actively
prevent the occurrence of an illness, discover it
early or keep functioning within the refrainment
of illness.
 NURSING is an act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his
recovery.

- Florence Nightingale
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization
of health and abilities, prevention of illness and
injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering
through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response, and advocacy in the care of individuals,
families, groups, communities, and populations.
-American Nurses Association
 FRAMEWORK FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE

COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
• Philosophy
• Principles Individual
• Processes
- Critical thinking
- Nursing process HEALTH
- Program planning,
implementation &
evaluation Family Population
- Mgt. & supervision
Group
- Research
- QA
- Advocacy & political
action
• Roles and functions Community

HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY SYSTEM
Adopted from
Nursing Practice
in the Community ECONOMIC, SOCIO-CULTURAL, POLITICAL &
4th ed. by A. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Maglaya
Concepts of
DEFINITIONS OF

“Here are some classic

definitions of Community
Health Nursing”
 DEFINITION OF CHN
“Community Health
Nursing is…
a service rendered by a
professional nurse to
communities, groups,
families, individuals at
home, in health centers,
in clinics, in schools, in
places of work for the
promotion of health,
prevention of illness,
RUTH B. FREEMAN, RN, MA, EdD
care of the sick at home
and rehabilitation.”
 DEFINITION OF CHN

Community Health Nursing is…

a specialized field of nursing practice
wherein its basic knowledge and skills
are anchored on nursing theories and
important concepts from the science of
Public Health.

Maglaya, A. (2012) Nursing Practice in the Community, 8th ed., Marikina City:
Argonauta Corporation
PUBLIC HEALTH
Public Health is..
a science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, promoting health and
efficiency through organized community
effort for the:
a. sanitation of environment
b. control of communicable
diseases
c. education of individuals in
personal hygiene
d. organization of medical and
nursing services for the
early diagnosis and preventive
treatment of disease
e. development of the social
machinery to ensure everyone
a standard of living adequate
for the maintenance of
health, so organizing these
benefits as to enable every
citizen to realize his birthright of
health and longevity.
 PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
-a special field of nursing that combines the
skills of nursing, public health and some
phases of social assistance and functions
as part of the total public health program
for the promotion of health, improvement of
the conditions in the social and physical
environment and rehabilitation of illness and
Disability

-WHO Expert Committee Of Nursing

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING vs.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

“Is Community Health

Nursing synonymous
with Public Health
Nursing?”
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING vs.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

According to MJ Jacobson,
author of the book
“Introduction to Community
Health Nursing”, CHN is broader
than PHN because it
encompasses nursing practice
in a wide variety of community
services..
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING vs.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

• The National League of Phil.

Government Nurses came up with
the Standards of PHN in the
Philippines 2005.

• The Standards differentiated CHN

from PHN only in one area, the work
setting as dictated by funding
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING vs.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

If a nurse is working in the

government, national or local health
agencies or public schools, the
position title or designation given to
her by the Civil Service Commission
is Public Health Nurse.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING vs.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING

Public Health Nursing refers to the

practice of nursing in national and
local government health
departments which include Health
Centers, RHU, and public schools.
PHILOSOPHY
OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
“According to
Dr. Margaret
Shetland,
the Philosophy of
Community Health
Nursing is based on
the worth and dignity
of man.”
 BASIC
CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• The primary focus of

Community Health Nursing
practice is on “health
promotion.”
 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• Community Health Nursing

practice is extended to
benefit not only the
individual but the whole
family and community.
 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• Contact with the client

and/or the family may
continue over a long period
of time which include all ages
and all types of health care.
 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• The nature of Community

Health Nursing practice
requires that current
knowledge derived from the
biological and social sciences,
ecology, clinical nursing and
community health organizations
be utilized.
 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

• The dynamic process of assessing,

planning, implementing and
intervening provide periodic
measurements of progress,
evaluation and a continuum of the
cycle until the termination of
nursing is implicit in the practice of
Community Health Nursing.
 GOAL OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
 The goal of Community Health Nursing
is to help communities and families cope
with the discontinuities in health and
threats to maximize their potential and
promote supportive relationship between
people and their physical and social
environment.
OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
 OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

1. To participate in the development of

an overall health plan for the
community and its implementation
and evaluation.
 OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

2. To provide quality nursing services to

individuals, families and
communities utilizing the standards
set for community health nursing
practice.
 OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

3. To coordinate nursing services with

various members of the health team,
community leaders, gov’t and NGOs
in achieving the aims of public health
services.
 OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4. To participate in and conduct

researches relevant to the health of the
community.
 OBJECTIVES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

5. To provide community nursing

personnel with opportunities for
continuing education and professional
growth through staff development.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

1. Community Health Nursing is based

on recognized needs of communities,
families, groups and individuals.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

2. The Community Health Nurse must

understand fully the objectives and
policies of the agency she represents.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

3. In Community Health Nursing, the

family is the unit of service.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

4. Community Health Nursing must be

available to all regardless of race,
creed and socio-economic status.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

5. Health teaching is a primary

responsibility of the Community
Health Nurse.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

6. The Community Health Nurse works

as a member of the health team.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

7. Opportunities for staff education

program for nurses must be provided
by the Community health agency.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

8. The Community Health Nurse makes

use of available community health
resources.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

9. The Community Health Nurse utilize

the already existing active organized
groups in the community.
 PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING

10. There should be accurate recording

and reporting in Community Health
Nursing.