PrEd 141n

Lesson 1.2

Sociological
Perspectives
SOCIAL DIMENSIONS
of Education
 Structural Functionalism
It is a system of
interconnected
parts each with a
unique function.

Herbert Spencer
 “Functionalism sees
active social change as
undesirable.”
 Purpose of Schooling to
Functionalists
Intellectual purposes
Political Purposes
Economic Purposes
Social Purposes
 Conflict Theory
According to this
theory, there are
always two opposing
sides in a conflict
situation.

Weber Marx Karl Marx

Conflict Theory regard to Education
• Education is not truly a social
benefit or an opportunity.
• Education is a powerful means of
maintaining power structures and
creating a docile work force for
capitalism.
• Education calls for a hidden
curriculum.
Conflict theories note
that unequal groups
usually have conflicting
values, agendas.
 Consensus Theory
It focuses on the social
order being sustained by
the shared norms, values
and beliefs of the people.

Émile Durkheim
• Consensus theorists examine
value integration in society.
• Consensus is a concept of
society in which the absence
of conflict is seen as the
equilibrium state of society.
Interactionist Theory
Symbolic Interactionist Theory

It focuses on how people share

symbols and construct society
as a result of their everyday
interactions.
It examines what
teachers and students
“do” in school.
Tenets of Symbolic Interactionist Theory
1. An individual’s action depends on
meaning.
2. Different people may give
different meanings to the same
thing.
3. Meaning changes as individuals
interact with one another.
 Educational Implications
• Interactions between students
and teachers develop a set of
expectations.
• Asking questions in social-
psychological way on the
frequent and familiar
relationship between school
participants.
 Educational Implications

• Students learn through

interaction how they are
different from others based on
individual differences, social
class, and status.
SCHOOLS and
Social Institutions
 Social Institutions
It is an interrelated system of
social norms and social roles that
are organized and provide patterns
of behaviors that contribute the
basic social needs of society.
 • Defined
Social objectives
• Procedures
Institutions • Customs
• Rules to shape
have shared their citizens
• The provision
features: of basic needs
Five (5) Leading Social
Institutions
• Family
• Education
• Religion
• Economy
• Government
 The Family
It is the primary social
institution and the basic
unit in society.
 The main goals of the family
institutions include:

Protecting Socialize children

children with social skills

Nurture Teaching life

children skills and how to
with love function in society
 Religion
It provides stability and
function, including a unified
system of beliefs, symbols, and
specific rituals that guide the
human behavior of the
community.
Émile Durkheim Max Weber
(1858-1917) (1864-1920)

Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
 Economy
Economic institutions work in
modern society to ensure the
production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and
services.
 Keeping track of...
Economics • The data and
studying
Role in the economic health
of nations.
Society • The structures
that are part of
the society.
Countries and societies
are evaluated on their
countries' wealth and
overall economics.
 Education
It is a system consisting of the
roles and norms that ensures
transmission of knowledge, values,
and patterns of behavior from
generation to the next.
 Government

It directs the behaviors and actions

of its citizens.
Common Forms of Government
Monarchy It is a political system
where a single person
serves as the head of
the state.
It is a government form
Democracy that is characterized by
the rule of the people

It is a government by
the few, which is
Oligarchy usually composed of the
elite group
Common Forms of Government
Authoritarianism
It allows limited people’s participation
in the political process.

Totalitarianism
It is where the state possesses unlimited
power and control over its people.
References
https://www.slideshare.net/AchesJolieto/social-institution-
70995118
https://study.com/learn/lesson/social-institutions-functions-
examples.html
https://filipiknow.net/social-institutions/

Serano, E., Cajigal, R.,& Leus, M., (2020). The Teacher and the
Community, School Culture, and Organizational Leadership.
Adrianan Publishing Co., Inc. Quezon City, Manila. pp.1 -5.

Prieto, N., Arcangel, C., & Corpuz, B. (2019). The Teacher and
the Community, School Culture and Organizational Leadership.
Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila. Pp. 37-41.