EDUC 8

The Teacher and the Community, School

Culture and Organizational Leadership
COURSE CONTENT:
This course focuses on society as a context upon
which the schools have been established.

Educational philosophies that are related to the society

as a foundation of schools and schooling shall be
emphasized.

 Further, principles and theories on school culture, and

organizational leadership shall be included to prepare
prospective teachers to become school leaders and
managers.
The school is an agent of social change that focuses on
the significant literatures and theories in understanding
the significant role of the school in imparting social
transformation.

The development of individuals and societies, source

of knowledge and innovations, contributions to
economic development, and the development of
manpower needs of the society’s skills, values, and
knowledge needed in everyday life.
The system or curriculum is anchored on a philosophy,
mission and vision. A school is a dynamic social
organization that develops every learner various social
roles.
EDUCATION
An institution created by society.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EDUCATION?

Seeks to preserve itself .

Assure its survival, stability and convenience
SOCIALIZATION
Process of learning the roles, statuses and values
necessary for participation in social institutions.
FAMILY
The most important agent of socialization.
SCHOOL
Also an important agent of socialization.
An institution charged by society to impart specific
knowledge and skills necessary for functioning in a
society.
6 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS ON
EDUCATION
JOHN LOCKE – The Empiricist Educator
- Education is not acquisition of
knowledge contained in the Great
Books, but learners do interact
with concrete experiences,
comparing, and reflecting on the
same concrete experience.
- Tabula rasa
HERBERT SPENCER – Utilitarian
Education
- Spencer’s educational theory is called “Social
Darwinism”. His concepts of survival of the fittest, that
human development had gone through an evolutionary
series of stages from:
1. From uniform to more specialized activity
2. Through evolutionary process
3. Curriculum aspect-related to human survival
4. Not inclined to rote learning
5. Schooling be related to life activities needed to earn a
living
6. Individual competition leads to social progress
Social Darwinists believe in “survival of the fittest”—
the idea that certain people become powerful in society
because they are innately better.
JOHN DEWEY
According to him, Schools are for
the people and by the people.

Dewey believed that human beings learn through a

'hands-on' approach. ... From Dewey's educational
point of view, this means that students must interact
with their environment in order to adapt and learn.
Dewey felt the same idea was true for teachers and that
teachers and students must learn together
GEORGE COUNTS: Building a New
Social Order
For any societal change, instruments for these is the
schools and teachers whose tasks for the
implementation for school improvement. Teachers are
called to make choices in area of economics , politics,
and morality to avoid failure. Furthermore, schools are
ought to provide education that afford equal learning
opportunities to all students.
THEODORE BRAMELD: Social
Reconstructionism
Like John Dewey and George Counts,
social reconstructionist are convinced that
education is not a privilege but a right to be
enjoyed by all.
PAULO FREIRE
Believed that school system must be changed:
1. To overcome expression and improve human
conditions
2. Democratic relationship between the teachers and
students
3. That education and literacy a vehicle for social
changes
4. Dialogue is most concerns on critical pedagogy

PEDAGOGY – art of teaching

WHAT IS YOUR PHILOSOPHY IN
EDUCATION?
The Teacher and the Community, School
Culture and Organizational Leadership
WHAT IS THE CONTRIBUTION
OF THE COMMUNITY TO
EDUCATION?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE
TEACHER IN THE
COMMUNITY?
POINT OF REFLECTION
 A teacher cannot separate himself/herself from the community
of which he/she is a part. He/She together with his/her teaching
profession has a social dimension.

Education has meaning and function to the extent that it is

relevant to the society within which it exists.

The teaching profession has function only to the extent that

it is able to fulfill the needs of the society and contribute to
the development of people in the society.
THE SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES
OF EDUCATION
EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
INTERNATIONA
L/GLOBAL

NATIONAL

COMMUNITY

THE SCHOOL
AND ITS
CURRICULUM
THE LEARNER
Education and schooling are found
within the context of society.

Schools exist within social context and

any change within schools in terms of
educational aims, goals, and objectives
including its contents are always in
relation to societal changes.
Society and schools are interdependent and
provide bidirectional influence to each other.
Sociology as a science provides theories,
concepts and principles that help us better
understand theories and principles that help
shape and guide education.
Education on the other hand through its
curriculum trains and educate the people with
the necessary for its continued maintenance,
growth and development.
AS A TEACHER, HOW CAN WE MAINTAIN
OUR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT?
CONSENSUS & CONFLICT
THEORY
CONSENSUS AND CONFLICT
THEORY
describes society as with two faces – consensus
and conflict and that sociological theory should
be divided into two parts – consensus theory
and conflict theory.
 CONSENSUS THEORY
 Consensus is defined as the widespread agreement among all members of
a particular society.
 Consensus Theories view shared norms and values as fundamental to
society. It is the people’ shared norms and values that ensure the order,
peace and stability in the society.
 Consensus theories focus on social order based on tacit or implied
agreements. Any change that happens in a society is slow, gradual, and
orderly.
 In Consensus Theory, the emphasis is on social order, stability or social
regulation. The theory is concerned with the maintenance or continuation
of social order in society in relation to accepted norms, values, rules and
regulations as widely accepted or held collectively by the society.
NOTE: It emerged out of social order, social stability or social regulation.
CONFLICT THEORY
 Conflict is a disagreement or clash between opposing ideas, principles or
people that may be covert or overt.

 Conflict theories emphasize the dominance of some social groups over others.

 Social order is the result of the dominance and manipulation of the strong
groups over the weak. Social change is seen as occurring rapidly and
disorderly as the subordinate group tries to overthrow the dominant group,
(Ritzer in Vega, et al., 2015, p. 2).

 Horton and Hunt (1984 in Vega, et al. 2015,) argued that the focus of the
conflict theory is the heterogeneous nature of society and the disparity,
inequality in the distribution of political and social power. Groups that have
vested interest, and with political, social, and economic power wok for rules
and laws, that serve their own interests, to be passed to the exclusion of others.
A struggle between the two social classes – the
dominant and the dominated; the powerful and the
powerless- occurs.
The theory emerges out of the incompatible aspects of
human society; its conflicts, crisis and social change.
Conflict Theorists are interested in how social
institutions – family, government, religion, education,
economic institutions and the media – may help to
maintain the power and privileges of some groups and
keep others in a subservient or subordinate position.
CONFLICT MODEL
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN
MAINTAINING THE PEACE AND ORDER IN
SOCIETY?
Karl Marx argued that society is
characterized by class conflicts or the
conflict between the bourgeoisie (the rich
owners of production) and the proletariat
(the poor workers or working class).
From this class struggle or class conflict,
interpreters of the theory posit that social
change may emerge from this conflict.
Max Weber argued that schools teach and
maintain particular “status cultures” through
which groups in society with similar
interests and positions in the status hierarchy
are able to maintain their status, their power,
their dominance. Schools are often seen as
rather homogenous in their composition of
students and they teach to those students
thus perpetuating that “status culture”.
STATUS CULTURE
sometimes called as Social Status,
refers to a person social placement
within a culture o society.
TASK: EXAMINE THE PHILIPPINE
SOCIETY
1.) Using the lens of Conflict Theory, identify issues and concerns
resulting from conflicts.
I. What knowledge, skills, values and attitudes must be
integrated in school curriculum or program to
address those issues?

2.) Using the Consensus Theory, identify the shared beliefs and
values of the people that provide stability and order in
society and therefore must be strengthened in schools.

DEADLINE:
SUBMIT: GOOGLE CLASSROOM
 Write your answers in WORD DOCUMENT
Naming convention: Surname,Name_EDUC8
Format

NAME:
Theory: Conflict Theory
Answers:

Theory: Consensus Theory

Answers: