Forces on Curved Surfaces

Problem 26:
Consider the gate shown below to be a quarter circle of radius 80 cm with the hinge 8 m below the water surface. If the gate is
1mwide, what force P is needed to hold the gate.

Solution:

4𝑟 4(80)
𝑦= = = 33.95𝑐𝑚
3𝜋 3𝜋

ℎ 𝐹𝑉 ℎ = 8 − 0.8 + 0.3395 = 7.55𝑚

P
𝑦 9810𝑁
𝐹𝐻 = ∗ 7.55𝑚 ∗ 1𝑥0.8 = 59,252.4𝑁
𝐹𝐻 𝑚3

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 → + ; 𝐹𝐻 = 𝑃 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟐𝟓𝟐. 𝟒𝑵
FLUID MECHANICS

Accelerating Containers

ENGR. JERUSA V. ORBON

INSTRUCTOR
Uniform Linear Acceleration

𝑎𝑥
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑔 + 𝑎𝑧

𝑎𝑥
𝐺= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑔 + 𝑎𝑧
Problem 27:
A drag racer rests her coffee mug on a horizontal tray while she accelerates at 7 m/s2 . The mug is 10 cm deep and 6 cm in diameter
and contains coffee 7 cm deep at rest. (a) Assuming rigid body acceleration of the coffee, determine whether it will spill out of the
mug. (b) Calculate the gage pressure in the corner at point A if the density of coffee is 1010 kg/m3 .

Solution:
𝑎𝑥
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑔 + 𝑎𝑧

7𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 0+𝑎
9.81 𝑧

𝜃 = 35.51°

For a).
∆𝑧
𝑡𝑎𝑛35.51° =
3
∆𝑧 = 2.14 𝑐𝑚
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆
𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟑𝒄𝒎 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕,
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒏𝒐 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 𝒔𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒖𝒕
For b).
Before acceleration
1010𝑘𝑔 9.81𝑚 7 𝟐
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒 𝑔ℎ = ∗ ∗ = 𝟔𝟗𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝑵/𝒎
𝑚3 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 100

After acceleration
1010𝑘𝑔 9.81𝑚 7 + 2.14
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑒 𝑔ℎ = 3 ∗ 2 ∗ = 𝟗𝟎𝟓. 𝟔𝟎𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑐 100
 Problem 28:

The tank of water below is 12 cm wide into the paper. If the tank is accelerated to the right in rigid body motion at 6m/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 . Compute
a). The water depth at AB and b). The water force on Panel AB.

Solution:

𝑦 −1
𝑎𝑥
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑔 + 𝑎𝑧
6𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
9.81𝑚
( 2 ) + 𝑎𝑧 0
𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝜃 = 31.45°

For a).
𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛31.45° =
12
𝑦 = 7.339𝑐𝑚
ℎ𝐴𝐵 = 7.339 + 9 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟒𝒄𝒎
For b).
Before acceleration
9810𝑁 9 𝟐
𝑃 = 𝑦ℎ = ∗ = 𝟖𝟖𝟐. 𝟗𝟎𝑵/𝒎
𝑚3 100

After acceleration
9810𝑁 16.34
𝑃 = 𝑦ℎ𝐴𝐵 = 3
∗ = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑚 100
Problem 29:

A 120-cm-long tank contains 80 cm of water and 20 cm of air maintained at 60 kPa above the water. The 60-cm-wide tank is
accelerated at 10 m/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 . After equilibrium is established, find the force acting on the bottom of the tank.

Solution:

𝑦 𝑎𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = = 0
𝑥 𝑔 + 𝑎𝑧

𝑦 10𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
=
𝑥 9.81𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2

𝑦 = 1.019𝑥

This is a close tank therefore no liquid that 𝐴. 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝐴. 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟

spilled out. Area of the Air before is the same
as Area of the Air after acceleration. 1
120𝑥20 = 𝑥𝑦 ; 𝑦 = 1.019𝑥
2
𝑥 = 68.63 𝑐𝑚 𝑦 = 69.93 𝑐𝑚
𝑷𝑨 − 𝑷𝟏 = −𝝆𝒂𝒙 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 − 𝝆𝒈 𝒂𝒛 + 𝒈 𝒛𝟐 − 𝒛𝟏 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂
0
𝑃𝐴 − 60,000 = − 1000 10 0.6863 − 1.20 − 𝜌𝑔 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑔 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 + 9810 1 = 74,947𝑁/𝑚2
𝑃𝐴 − 60,000 = 9810 1 − 0.6994 = 62,949𝑁/𝑚2

74,947 + 62,949
𝐹𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = = 𝟔𝟖, 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝐍/𝒎𝟐
2
Rigid Body Rotation
Problem 30:

The coffee cup in problem 27 is removed from the drag racer, placed on a turntable, and rotated about its central axis until a rigid-
body mode occurs. Find (a) the angular velocity which will cause the coffee to just reach the lip of the cup and (b) the gage pressure at
point A for this condition. Density 1010 kg/m3
Solution:
Solution:
For a)

ℎ Ω2 𝑅 2 Ω2 (0.03)2
= 3𝑐𝑚 ; = 3𝑐𝑚 ; = 0.03
2 4𝑔 4(9.81)
𝑟𝑎𝑑 1𝑟𝑒𝑣 60𝑠𝑒𝑐
ℎ/2 Ω 𝑜𝑟 𝜔 = 36.2 ∗ ∗ = 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝜋𝑟𝑎𝑑 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑧
𝑧
For b)
𝑧𝑠 𝜔2
𝑧𝑠 = ℎ𝑜 − 4𝑔 𝑅2 − 2𝑟 2 but no liquid spilled since the tip of the parabola
is at the tip of the container therefore, radial distance “r” = radius of the
container R: 𝜔2 𝑅2 (36.2)2 (0.03)2
𝑧= = = 0.03𝑚
4𝑔 4(9.81)
𝑧𝑠 = 0.07 − 0.03𝑚 = 0.04𝑐𝑚
Coordinates of point A (x,z) ; (0.03, −0.04)

0
9810𝑁 1 1010𝑘𝑔
𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝑜 − 3
∗ −0.04𝑚 + ( 3
)(0.03𝑚)2 ∗ (36.2𝑟𝑎𝑑/sec)2
𝑚 2 𝑚
396𝑁 594𝑁
𝑃𝐴 = 2 + 2 = 𝟗𝟗𝟎𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑚 𝑚

𝑃𝑜