REPORT of Medicinal Plants & Bamboo

Carpentary Work

FACULTY OF FORESTRY
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
KANKE, RANCHI

SUBMITTED TO – Dr. Kaushal Kumar

SUBMITTED BY:- Prashant Raj
SEMESTER- 7th
ROLL No.- FO011960
SESSION- 2019-2020
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank our course instructor for Dr. Kaushal kumar Sir who always guided us
and flawlessly supervised the smooth execution of the enlisted Medicinal Plants & Bamboo
Carpentary Work programme. As the completion of this assignment gave me much
pleasure, I will again thank sir for giving me good guidelines for assignment throughout
numerous consultations.
I would also like to expand my gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided
me in preparing this assignment.
THANK YOU SIR
Prashant Raj
 A VISIT TO WINDOW OF JHARKHAND (MEDICINALS PLANTS)

• Germ Plasm Bank of medicinal & aromatic plants of Jharkhand has been established
in Faculty of Forestry named as Window of Jharkhand.
• Multiplication of Aswagandha, (Withania somnifera), Ghrit kumara (Aloe vera),
Safed musali (Chloraophytum borivillianim), Brahmi (Bacopa moneri), Manduck
Parni (Centella asiatica), Japani pudina (Mentha arvensis), Kalmegh (Andrograpis
paniculata), Stevia, Isabgole, Pipali, Bhringraj etc are being done.
• Besides work on development of agro-technologies on medicinal plants viz. Safed
musali, Satawar, Aloe-vera, Ashwagandha, Bramim kali musli, Mandukpame, Japani
pudina (Mentha). Pipli, Bringraj is being done.

List of Some Medicinal Plant Species in the Germplasm Bank

• Achyranthes aspera (chirchiri)
• Adhatoda zeylanica (Vasa)
• Adiantum aleuticum
• Aloe vera
• Asparagus racemosus (satavar)
• Barleria cristata
• Bauhinia purpurea (kachnar)
• Catharanthus roseus (sadabahar)
• Chlorophytum borivilianum (safed musli)
• Cissus quadrangular (asthisamhara)
• Clerodendrum infortunatum
• Curculigo orchioides
• Curculigo orchioides (kali musli)
• Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)
• Elettaria cardamomum (Junglee elaichi)
 • Euphorbia neriifolia
• Ichnocarpus frutescens
• Kalanchoe pinnata (pattharchur)
• Lygodium flexuosum
• Nerium indicum (kaner)
• Oxalis latifolia
• Piper longum
• Plumbago zeylanica (Chitrak)
• Rauvolfia serpentina (sarpgandha)
• Sansevieria roxburghiiana
• Sarcostemma acidum
• Solanum viarum (Banabhatta)
• Terminalia arjuna
• Tinospora cordifolia (giloy)
• Ventilago denticulate (climber)

Medicinal Uses:
• Antisecretory activity
• Antiulcer activity
• Antibacterial activity
• Antiprotozoal activity
• Gastrointestinal effects
• Antihepatotoxic activity
• Immunomodulatory activity
• Antioxidant effects
• Diuretic activity.

Bauhinia purpurea (Kachnar)

• Bauhinia purpurea is a species of flowering plant is used in several
traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases. This plant has been
known to possess antibacterial, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-diarrheal, anticancerous, nephroprotective and thyroid hormone
regulating activity.
Medicinal uses:
• Species of Bauhinia are rich in polyphenolics and are known for its medicinal
properties.B. purpurea known to the Malays as pokok tapak kerbau, has been
traditionally used by people to treat ailment like ulcer, wound, glandular
swelling and stomach tumor.
 • The decoction of the root is used for expelling gases, flatulence and
griping pain from the stomach and bowel, the bark of the plant is used as
an astringent in the treatment of diarrhea.
• The bark or root and flower mixture with boiled rice water is used as
maturant for boils and abscesses. The decoction of flower works as a
laxative. Fresh bark of Kaanchanaara (B. purpurea) mixed with Shunthi (dry
Zingiber offficinale), pounded with sour gruel, was prescribed in enlarge
cervical glands (Vrindamaadhava) as well as in goiter.
Sadabahar:
• Scientific Name: Catharanthus roseus
• Family: Apocynaceae
• Common Name: Bright Eyes, Cape Periwinkle, Graveyard Plant,
Madagascar Periwinkle, Old Maid, Pink Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle.
Achyranthes aspera (chirchiri)
• Family: Amaranthaceae
• Common Name: Apmarga, Chirchiri
• Uses:Fever
Roots are tied around the neck -Ishidor Minjh, Gumla, Jharkhand
AsthmaWhole plant (50-100g) is ground into a fine powder. 5g of this
powder is taken with water till the ailment cures Lohardaga,
JharkhandPoisonous bitesRoots (25g) are ground into a fine paste, and
juice is extracted. The Juice is taken orally and the remaining paste is
applied on the bite site - Jighha Oraon, Gumla, JharkhandAbscessRoot
paste is applied on the abscess -Ravi Oraon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand

Aloe vera
• Scientific Name: Aloe barbadensis
• Family: Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae)
• Common Name: Ghreetkumari
• Uses:
o Healing properties
o Effects on skin exposure to UV and gamma radiation:
o Effects on the immune system
o Antiviral and antitumor activity
o Moisturizing and anti-aging effect
Barleria cristata
• Family: Acanthaceae
• Common Name: Hindi – Raktajhint, Philippine violet
 • Medicinal Use: Tonic, diuretic and blood purifier, gingivitis, stomatitis,
burns, dental caries, edema, wounds, nocturnal ejaculation and
cracking heel.

Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli)

• Family: Asparagaceae
• Uses: Impotency
• The dried roots of asparagus are used in ayurveda as an aphrodisiac. The
regular use of this remedy is valuable in impotency and premature
ejaculation.

Other important musali power (safed musli) benefits are

• General debility due to Diabetes.
• As a remedy in Arthritis & Joints pain.
• Great helpful in Men and Women sexual problems
• Tonic for physical weakness and many other illnesses.
• Powerful sex tonic.
• Natal and post-natal problems.
• Safed Musli is used to cure physical illness and weakness as an
aphrodisiac agent11 and revitalizer.
• As general sex tonic, remedy for diabetes, arthritis and increasing body
immunity, curative for natal and postnatal problems
• For rheumatism and joint pains, increase lactation in feeding mothers.
• Also used in diarrhea, dysentery, gonorrhea, leucorrhea etc.

Cissus quadrangular (asthisamhara)

• Family: Vitacae
• Common Name: Hadjod, Asthisamhara
• Uses:
o Hadjod might help manage Hemorrhoids due to its anti-
inflammatory property. It reduces pain and inflammation in the
veins of the anus and lower rectum.
o Hadjod might help in body building due to the presence of vitamin
C that is essential for collagen formation. It is used in body building
supplements and is found to be effective in strengthening the bones
and joints.
o Hadjod might help manage Diabetes due to its blood glucose
lowering activity. It prevents the damage of pancreatic cells and
enhances insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.
 o Hadjod might help manage the symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Certain
constituents present in Hadjod inhibit the activity of an
inflammatory protein that leads to reduction in joint pain and
inflammation associated with arthritis.

Clerodendrum infortunatum
• Family: Verbenaceae
• Common Name: Bhat or Hill glory bower
• Uses:
o Antibacterial and antifungal activity
o Anthelmintic activity
o Analgesic activity
o Wound healing activity
o Antioxidant activity

Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

• Family: Poaceae
• Common Name : Lemon Grass
• Uses
o The stalks (leaf bases) of the plant are commonly used to flavor
dishes in Southeast Asian cooking. The heart of young shoots may
be cooked and consumed as a vegetable. The tougher leaves are
used to flavor dishes but are typically removed before serving.
Leaves may also be used to make lemon grass tea. The essential oil
extracted from the leaves is commonly used in insect repellents,
perfumes and soaps.

Elettaria c a r d a m o m u m (Junglee e l a i c h i )
• Family: Ginger family (Zingiberaceae).
• Common Name: Junglee elaichi
• Uses:
o Cardamom is used internally for indigestion, nausea, vomiting and
pulmonary disease with copious phlegm.
o It can be used with a laxative to prevent stomach pain, griping, as
well as flatulence.
 o Cardamom seeds are chewed to sweeten the breath and to detoxify
caffeine, in people taking excessive amounts of coffee. They are
also used as a spice in cooking and as a flavouring in other
medicines.
o The oil made from cardamom seeds is very good for digestive system.
It functions as a laxative and soothes colic, wind, dyspepsia, and
nausea. It also works to warm the stomach and helps with heart
burn.
o In South Asia, green cardamom is extensively used to treat
infections in teeth and gums. It is also used to prevent throat
troubles, congestion of the lungs, pulmonary tuberculosis, and
inflammation of eyelids.
Euphorbia neriifolia
• Family: Euphorbiaceae
• Common Name: Hindi name - Sehund, Danda thukar
• Uses:
o The leaf of E. neriifolia is heated and tied over the area affected
with pain and inflammation.
o The fresh juice from the leaf is poured inside the ears to treat
earache, to defrost skin warts, and in arthritis. The milk latex of
Euphorbia neriifolia is applied over warts as part of treatment.
o Oil processed from the leaf of E. neriifolia and sesame oil is used
for external application to treat joint pain.
o The paste of the leaf of E. neriifolia is applied over the skin to treat
skin diseases.
Nerium indicum (Kaner)
• Family: Apocynaceae
• Common Name: Oleander
• Uses:
o Its ethnomedicinal uses include in the treatment of diverse ailments
such as cardiac illnesses, asthma, corns, cancer, and epilepsy.
o A green dye from the flower is used in the treatment of skin diseases
and also possess wound healing and antiinflammatory property. The
plant is used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems.
o Hot water extract of the leaves and seeds are used for upper
respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in Kenya.
o In Calabria, southern Italy, the plant is used for the treatment of
malaria in local folklore medicinal systems.
o The juice prepared from the stem bark of N. indicum is used to cure
ear pain in the traditional therapeutic systems in the Kancheepuram
district of Tamil Nadu, India.
o It is also used as antidiabetic in Morocco.
 o In Iloilo, Philippines, the plant is used as ethnomedicine to treat
fever, headache, and dermatological problems.
Oxalis latifolia
• Family: Oxalidaceae
• Common Name: Changeri, Pullampuruchi, Hulisoppu
• Uses:
o The leaf decoction is used in fever and dysentery.
o Plant sap are used to cure skin diseases, Leaves as cooling agent and
refrigerant in stomach disorders, fever, and acute headache and in
snake bite.
o The leaves have been found to be rich in moisture, total
carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid hence it can be alternative
vegetable during emergency.
o The aqueous extract of four various plants were evaluated for
antifungal activity against various pathogens.
o The herb juice is used as eye drop in conjunctivitis.

Rauvolfia serpentina (sarpgandha)

• Family: Apocynaceae
• Common Name: Indian Snake Root, Sarpgandha.
• Uses:
o In Ayurveda, Sarpagandha is used for the treatment of high blood
pressure, insomnia, asthma, acute stomach ache and painful
delivery and for mental illness such as neuropsychiatric disorders,
psychosis, and schizophrenia.
o Early research shows that taking Indian snakeroot along with two
other herbs might help insomnia.
o Early research shows that Indian snakeroot can reduce anxiety in
some people when used for about 20 days.
o Early research shows that Indian snakeroot reduces high blood
pressure.
o The leaf and root extracts of sarpagandha house powerful plant-
based compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. The crushed
leaves and root powder are both very useful in treating snake bites
when applied directly onto the affected site on the skin.
Sansevieria roxburghiiana
• Family: Asparagaceae
• Common Name: Indian bowstring-hemp, Marul
• Uses:
 o The whole plant of S.roxburghiana traditionally used as a
cardiotonic, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative, tonic, in glandular
enlargement and rheumatism.
o The rhizomes are mucilaginous and used in consumptive complaints,
long lasting chronic persistent coughs, for quick relief of a common cough
and cold, in ear pain, etc.
o The juice of tender shoots is administered to children for clearing viscid
phlegm from throats.
o The roots are used as a febrifuge in snake bite and haemorrhoids.
o In Bangladesh, juice from young leaves applied topically to ear infections.
o plant.

HADJOD CURCILAGO ORCHIODIS SADABAHAR

KACHNAR ADIANTUM KEOKANDA

 SATAVAR SARPGANDHA KANER

Elettariacardamomum Solanum viarum

VASA Dracaena trifasciata Clerodendrom infortunatum

 Oxalis latifolia Euphorbia Lemon Grass

Lygodium flexuosum Achyranthes aspera Sarcostemma acidum

Plumbago zeylanica Barleria cristata Arjuna

Bamboo Carpentry Work

BAMBOO

• Bamboo is one of the most important multipurpose species belonging to the family of
grasses Poaceae subfamily Bambusoideae. Bamboo is a perennial grass with woody
stem and are hardy vigorous and remarkably resilience. Bamboo, is the fastest
growing species due to its unique rhizome dependent system. It is found in diverse
climate from cold mountains to hot tropical regions.
• In bamboo the internodal portion is of the stem is hollow and the vascular bundles in
the cross section are scattered throughout a stem instead of in a cylindrical
arrangement. Due to its hollowness and fibres being aligned in longitudinal section
bamboo is a very efficient material in structural design. The properties such as fast
growth, high extent of flexibility comparatively lower weight and lower cost makes it
the most preferable construction material that ranges from small handicrafts to
furniture, houses, and other architectural works.

DISTRIBUTION OF BAMBOO:

• Bamboos are tall, perennial, arborecent grasses, belonging to Bambusae, a tribe under
Graminae. There are 60 genera and 600-700 species found in the humid tropical and
extra-tropical regions. About 136 species are found in India.

Different species of bamboo which are present in our country are:

 Bambusaarundinacea
 Bambusatulda
 Bambusabalcooaa
 Dendrocalamusgiaganteus
 Dendrocalamusstrictus
 Dendrocalamusharmiltonii
 Melocannabambusoides
PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO:

• Bamboo possess number of physical and mechanical properties that attributes to its
wide scale usages around the globe. The physical propertiesvaries from species and
even to some extent within species. The culms of bamboo are generally long and
straight and have hollow internodes that makes it comparatively light.
• The mechanical properties constitute tensile strength, elasticity, moisture content,
compressiveness and specific gravity. The physical and mechanical properties of
bamboo varies with age of the bamboo and height of the culm. The mechanical
properties of bamboo are often twice to thrice times higher than those of conventional
timber. The specific gravity of the bamboo ranges from 0.4 to 0.8depending mainly
on the anatomical structure.
• The specific gravity and bending properties of bamboo vary with age and height
location as well as horizontal layer. There is also a variation in strength properties
along with the height as well. The compressive strength tends to increase with height.
The strength increase from centre to outer part..The strength and durability are
composite function of physical and mechanical properties of the fibre’s length , width
and specific gravity.
• Bamboo can resist more tensile strength than compression. Moisture content is also a
governing the mechanical property of bamboo It possess high moisture content.
• In chemical properties the main constituents in the bamboo culm are cellulose,
hemicellulose, and lignin other constituents consist of resin, tannin waxes and
inorganic salt. Main percentage of the constituents of bamboo are Cellulose fibre -
40%, parenchyma- 50% and vessel -10%.Thus, from the above given properties of
bamboo attributes it as a preferable construction material.

OTHER FEATURES OF BAMBOO:

• BAMBOO: THE POOR MAN’S TIMBER:

o In our state Jharkhand, bamboo can be cultivated in every house, as we have
plenty of Sal Forest in which bamboo grows as an associate. But the irony is
most of the rural population of our state is not well aware about the use of
bamboo. The single bamboo culm without any value addition costs only Rs.
 70-100 but if we do value addition then it will cost up to Rs.1500-2000, which
can increase the livelihood of the rural people up to a satisfactory level. Thus,
we can say it gives much more output than the input, so it became very famous
in current time.
o Moreover, the state Government has also taken interest in this field and trains
different NGOs to encourage this sector among the rural population.

USES OF BAMBOO: The strength of culms, their straightness, smoothness and lightness,
combined with hardness, the facility with which they can be split, and the range in size make
bamboos suitable for a variety of purposes for which other materials would require much
labours and properties.

 Bamboo is used in day to day life as timber.

 It is used as raw material in paper industry.
 It is a good fuel material.
 The leaves are used as fodder by different animals in absence of pasture and is
relished by elephant.
 Rhizomes, seed and fresh bamboo shoots are used as food.
 It is used to make musical instruments.
 Plantations of bamboo serves as windbreaks and in erosion control.
 It is used for medicinal purposes to treat venereal disease and cancer.
 Due to it high durability it is used in building roads, buildings, and furniture.
BAMBOO CARPENTRY PICTURES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS USED FOR MAKING BAMBOO CRAFTS:

1. Multi-purpose Knife:
It is designed to have blades on edges for multiple functions. Its round handle fits in
the palm providing good grip. It is used for scrapping outer surface of bamboo,
rounding edges of strips and making round sticks.
2. Fine splitting Knife:
This machine is specially designed with a flat handle to provide variable grip for fine
work. It can be used comfortably for extended periods of time. It is used for splitting
bamboo into strips.
3. Mini hack Saw:
It has a thin 6 inches blade to facilitate fin cuts. Its frame and handle are made in one
piece from a bent steel rod. It can be used to make small cuts. It is used for cutting to
size bamboo and cane rods of small diameter and cutting small notches.
4. Driller:
It is a special tool and has a slim elegant handle which facilitates piercing without
splitting. It makes it convenient to drill holes. The up and down motion of hand
rotates the drill and it pierces the surface.
5. Sand paper folding pad:
It has sandpaper on both the sides. This makes the sanding of strips on both sides by
pulling through the pad quite easy. It is used for smooth finishing of bamboo strips.
6. Scrapper:
It is used for scrapping and finishing different contours in bamboo bowls, plates, etc
made with coil technique. It is made of hardened spring stee. It is used for finishing
outside rounded edge of the products.
7. Tweezer:
It is made of spring steel. It is a handy tool to take out splints from the hands. It is
used for removing bamboo splints from finger.
8. Hammer:
It is made with piece of iron and a wooden handle. It is basially used for splitting the
bamboo into thin sticks.

9. Different kinds of Saws:

 Different kinds of Saws like bow hack saw and hand saw, etc are used for cutting the
bamboo which is the initial step of bamboo handicrafts.

10. Blue Lamp Burner:

It is used for charring the bamboo products for giving them variable, unique and

beautiful looks so that they can attract buyers.

FIG-EQUIPMENT USE FOR BAMBOO WORK

METHODS OF PREPARATION:

Our work with bamboo includes several methods & Steps. Each product was gone through
approx all steps described as below:

1. Collection of bamboo,
2. Cutting of bamboo,
3. Clearing of outgrowths,
4. Splitting of bamboo,
5. Slicing of bamboo,
6. Cutting of beat,
7. Cutting of thin slices,
8. Smoothening of the rough surface,
9. Shaping of the product,
10. Charring,
11. Varnishing,
12. Drying in Sunlight,

MAKING HUT

• Bamboo, as a building material, is very versatile. It rivals steel in tensile strength and
is comparable to concrete, brick or wood in compression. It can be used as a structural
 member or for aesthetic purposes. For these reasons and the fact that it grows
abundantly in the region, it’s easy to see why bamboo is such a popular material.

• Below is a step-by-step process of how we helped build bamboo houses out of woven
bamboo.
• Cutting the Bamboo Down to Size: To start off on the house building process,
Bamboo was stockpiled nearby. Then, we started to measure and cut the bamboo
stems, or culms, based on the length, width, and height of the houses. We created
separate piles of bamboo for the long walls, the short walls, and the vertical battens.
More on these later.
• Splitting the Bamboo: The next step was splitting the bamboo down the length of each
stem into individual strips. To do this, a large notch was cut in the end of the bamboo
stem. Once you have it split a little, you can lay it on the ground and use your hands
and feet to help split it the rest of the way. Then you do it again about 4-5 times using
the same stem until you have flat strips (not concave pieces – keep splitting until you
have flat pieces). Getting the splitting started was the hardest part. Once its started,
the rest of the splitting was easy.
• Cleaning the Bamboo: After splitting the bamboo, we then had to “clean” the
individual strips. This meant we had to shave down the strips lengthwise to remove
the residual vascular bundles scattered up and down the bamboo. The bamboo strips
need to be smooth and flat so that they can more easily be woven together without
getting caught on each other. Removing the wooden bundles helps. It also causes a lot
of blisters!

PRECAUTIONS TAKEN DURING BAMBOO CRAFTS MAKING:

 Sound bamboo are selected and felled by trained labour.

 While cutting the blade should kept straight to obtained fine end.
 Before cutting into thin slices charring should done.
 Direct hand charring avoided. It should be held by other holding equipment.
 Sand paper are used to smoothened the shape before provided or gluing.
 Varnishing should be done properly.

CRITICAL OBSERVATION OF THE PROGRAMME

• This was my firsttime work experiences with bamboo. This work provides us the
actual importance and use of bamboo.
• We work in group. Three products are chosen to make.
• Our course instructor gave us the theoretical knowledge and use of bamboo. While the
resource person gave us practical knowledge. He co-ordinate with the students very
well.
• The six days “Hands on training” program of “Carpentry and bamboo crafts” was a
great package of knowledge. We got to know a lot of details about the important non-
timber forest produce and especially bamboo and their uses.
• We learned the carpentry and making of bamboo crafts and the equipments used for
the same. Also we were briefed about how it can be used in economical way to
enhance the livelihood of the people by using as the self-employment option.