Name: activity 2

Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Lab Report Pre-lab

Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following statements is false?

You correctly answered: d. Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

You correctly answered: d. All of these statements are true.

3. A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: b. the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin.

4. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

You correctly answered: c. the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin.

5. Glucagon is a hormone
You correctly answered: b. that opposes the action of insulin.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample
Your answer : b. the optical density of the sample will be measured and the glucose concentration will be extrapolated from the glucose
standard curve.

Stop & Think Questions:

Why does the color in the tubes vary?
You correctly answered: c. The tubes contain different amounts of glucose.

Experiment Data:

Tube Optical Density Glucose (mg/deciliter)

Part 1 1 0.30 30
2 0.50 60
3 0.60 90
4 0.80 120
5 1.00 150
Part 2 1 0.73 105
2 0.79 115
3 0.89 132
4 0.83 122
5 0.96 143

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.

1. A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform
him that
You correctly answered: c. he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by his cells.

2. To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample You
correctly answered: d. heparin is added to prevent blood clots.

3. In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the as the glucose concentration in the sample
increases.
You correctly answered: b. optical density increases

4. A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare provider
will inform her that
You correctly answered: a. she has developed diabetes.

5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

You correctly answered: d. insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise.

6. A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that
You correctly answered: b. the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger.

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 Review Sheet Results
1. What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how you would
measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve?
Your answer:
Dalam praktikum ini perkiraan saya benar, Kurva standar glukosa adalah alat grafis yang membantu untuk mengukur hubungan antara kerapatan
optik dan konsentrasi glukosa dalam berbagai tabung reaksi. Untuk memantau tingkat glukosa darah, kurva standar glukosa memungkinkan
Anda melihat variasi dalam tingkat glukosa. Praktikum ini bertujuan untuk menikur kadar glukosa, plasma puasa dan mendianosis diabetes
melitus.

2. Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these patients
has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not?
Your answer:
Pasien 3 dan 5 yang menjalani tes glukosa tergolong diabetes. Saya tidak dapat menentukan apakah pasien tergolong diabetes tipe 1 atau 2,
Diperlukan informasi tambahan, seperti jumlah hormon insulin dan respons tubuh pasien terhadap insulin, umur, jenis kelamin, latar belakang
penyakit keluarga untuk memastikan dengan pasti apakah pasien ini menderita diabetes tipe 1 atau tipe 2 1.

3. Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay. Your
answer:
Menurut Wolrd Health Organization (WHO) dan International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups(IADPSG) seorang
ibu hamil dapat didiagnosis sebagai DMG apabila memenuhi beberapa kriteria. Ketika 1 atau lebih kriteria terpenuhi dan terccatat
selama pengujian rutin antara 24-28 minggu kehamilan atau pada waktu lain selama kehamilan, yaitu kadar glukosa plasma puasa puasa 5,1–
6,9 mmol/L (92–125 mg/dL),berdasarkan praktikum didapatkan hasil tes glukosa pasien adalah 132 mg/dl, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa
pasien menderita Diabetes melitus gestasional (DMG). DMG adalah gangguan toleransi glukosa yang pertama kali
ditemukan pada wanita yang sedang hamil. DMG merupakan keadaan pada wanita yang sebelumnya belum pernah
didiagnosis diabetes kemudian menunjukkan kadar glukosa tinggi selama kehamilan 2

4. Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

Your answer:
Kadar normal glukosa dapat ditemukan pada pasien pertama

5. What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired
patients?
Your answer:
Modifikasi gaya hidup dapat membantu menjaga kadar glukosa darah normal. Beberapa kebiasaan gaya hidup yang terbukti dapat membantu
mengontrol diabetes:
1. Makan makanan rendah karbohidrat, seimbang, dan makan sebagian besar karbohidrat di pagi hari;
2. Makan protein dan sayuran terlebih dahulu dan makan karbohidrat 30 menit kemudian dapat memoderasi kadar glukosa; dan
3. Mengurangi lonjakan glukosa setelah makan dapat ditumpulkan tan
4. Latihan intensitas tinggi yang singkat
5. Olahraga sebelum makan dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin tetapi juga dapat menyebabkan glukosa pasca aktivitas meningkat. Selain
itu, beberapa orang mungkin mengalami hipoglikemia yang tertunda jika mereka melakukan olahraga dengan intensitas tinggi sebelum makan 3.

Sumber :
Biologi J, Sains dan Teknologi F, Alauddin Makassar U, Pemeriksaan C, Pengobatan dan Cara Pencegahan LESTARI C, Aisyah
Sijid S, et al. Diabetes Melitus: Review Etiologi [Internet]. Available from: http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/psb
Kamali Adli F, Author C, Pendidikan Dokter P, Kedokteran F, Lampung U. DIABETES MELITUS GESTASIONAL: DIAGNOSIS
DAN FAKTOR RISIKO [Internet]. Available from: http://jurnalmedikahutama.com
Chacko E, Signore C. Five Evidence-Based Lifestyle Habits People With Diabetes Can Use. Clin Diabetes. 2020.

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Jul;38(3):273-284.

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