MAGNETISM

- Is a phenomenon by which materials exert attractive or repulsive force on

another material.
- A material possessing this ability is called a magnet.
- Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.

 Ferromagnetic Materials
- Strongly attracted by magnets.
- Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Steel

 Paramagnetic Materials
- Weakly attracted by magnets.
- Transition metals and the actinide elements.

 Diamagnetic Materials
- Repelled by magnets.
- Nonmetals, water, organic compounds, and the metals bismuth, copper, gold,
silver and lead.

Compass

- The first magnetic instrument that sailors used to guide them in their journey.

Magnetic Field

- Is produced around a magnet in which a magnetic force exists.

- Can be visualized as lines of force that emerge from the north pole to the south
pole of a magnetic material.
- Always form closed loops.

Magnetic Flux

- The number of lines of force passing through a surface.

- Its unit is the weber (Wb).
- If the magnetic flux is 0, no magnetic lines pass through the area.

Magnetic Field Intensity

- The flux per unit area of a loop of wire perpendicular to the magnetic field.
- The SI unit is the tesla (T).
ELECTROMAGNETISM

- Is the branch of physics that deals with the interaction of electricity and
magnetism.
- The relation between these two were accidentally discovered by Hans Christian
Oersted in 1820.

Electromagnetic Induction

- A process wherein an electric current can produce a magnetic field, then the
reverse is also true, changing magnetic field produced by the motion of a
conductor through a magnetic field or the motion of a magnet through a
conducting coil can produce an electric current.

GENERATORS

- Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

- Also known as alternator.

BASIC PARTS OF A SIMPLE ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) GENERATOR

 Armature
Consists of coils of insulated wire and is attached to a shaft so that is can rotate
between the poles of the magnet.

 Slip Rings
Rotate with the armature and are made of either brass or copper. These are
insulated from one another and from the shaft.

 Brushes
Collect the current and transmit it to the external circuit.

 Electromagnet or Permanent Magnet

Commutator

- With the use of this, an AC generator may also be used to produce DC by

replacing the two slip rings.
- Is simply a ring broken into two halves insulated from each other.
ELECTRIC MOTOR

- Changes electrical energy to mechanical energy.

- There are two types: DC Motor and AC Motor.

Rotor

- In a typical brushed DC motor, the armature, together with the electromagnet,

rotates.

Stator

- The permanent magnets are stationary.

Review Quiz

1. What is the conclusion of Oersted’s experiment involving magnets and

electricity?
Electricity creates temporary magnets.

2. According to Faraday, changing magnetic field induces electricity.

3. It’s the part of the generator that consists of coils of insulated wire and is
attached to the shaft.
Armature

4. What is the main function of brushes in the generator?

To collect the current and transmit it to the external circuit.

5. What is the purpose of rotating the armature of the generator?

To generate current in the armature.

6. It’s the stationary component of an electric motor that produces magnetic field.
Stator

7. What would happen if the brushes will switch contact to the other side of the
commutator ring?
The polarity of the electromagnet in the armature will be reversed.

8. As the current flows in the armature, the armature will become a temporary
magnet with two poles.