School of Energy and Petroleum Industry

Assignment 4
1. Describe Phase behavior of
a) Dry Gases:

No fluid is produced at surface or in the reservoir. Gas oil ratios are reached more than 100,000
SCF/STB.
The dry-gas phase diagram indicates that because of this composition, dry gases do not undergo
phase changes following a pressure reduction and therefore no liquids are formed either in the
reservoir or production facilities because the path of depletion is completely outside the phase
envelope.

b) Wet Gases:
 As the pressure in the reservoir is reduced due to production, the reservoir never enters the two-
phase region of the gas and no hydrocarbon liquids drop out in the reservoir. That is, as pressure
is reduced, the hydrocarbon fluid in the reservoir remains in its gaseous state. However, as the
produced gas travels up the well and to the surface, at some point in the production system it
enters the two-phase region of the phase envelope and liquid hydrocarbons develop in the well or
surface facilities.

c) Gas condensate:

Reservoir temperature lies between the critical temperature and the cricondentherm, the
maximum temperature at which two phases can coexist in equilibrium. Initially, reservoir
pressure is at a point that is above the dew-point curve, so the reservoir is in the gaseous state
only. During production, the pressure declines isothermally from the reservoir boundary to the
well.

70,000 < GOR < 100,000 SCF/STB

— Density greater than 60° API
— Light in color
d) Volatile oil
 The reservoir temperature is near the critical temperature; hence, volatile oils are referred to as
near- critical oils. Iso-volume lines are tighter and closer near the bubble point curve. A small
reduction of pressure below the bubble point vaporizes a significant fraction of the oil.

e) Black oil

The quality lines are broadly spaced at reservoir conditions with separator conditions lying on relatively
high-quality lines. Black oils, or ordinary oils, are the most common type of oil reserves.