Unit 6 P2 [56 marks]

A mass is attached to one end of a rod and made to rotate with constant speed in
a vertical circle.

1a. The scale diagram shows the weight W of the mass at an instant when [2 marks]
the rod is horizontal.
Draw, on the scale diagram, an arrow to represent the force exerted on the mass
by the rod.
1b. Explain why the magnitude of the force exerted on the mass by the rod [3 marks]
is not constant.

A planet is in a circular orbit around a star. The speed of the planet is constant.

2a. Explain why a centripetal force is needed for the planet to be in a [2 marks]
circular orbit.

2b. State the nature of this centripetal force. [1 mark]

2c. Determine the gravitational field of the planet. [2 marks]
The following data are given:
Mass of planet = 8. 0 × 1024 kg
Radius of the planet = 9. 1 × 106 m.

The Rotor is an amusement park ride that can be modelled as a vertical cylinder
of inner radius R rotating about its axis. When the cylinder rotates sufficiently
fast, the floor drops out and the passengers stay motionless against the inner
surface of the cylinder. The diagram shows a person taking the Rotor ride. The
floor of the Rotor has been lowered away from the person.

3a. Draw and label the free-body diagram for the person. [2 marks]
3b. The person must not slide down the wall. Show that the minimum [2 marks]
angular velocity ω of the cylinder for this situation is

ω = √ μR
g

where μ is the coefficient of static friction between the person and the cylinder.

3c. The coefficient of static friction between the person and the cylinder is [3 marks]
0. 40. The radius of the cylinder is 3. 5 m. The cylinder makes 28
revolutions per minute. Deduce whether the person will slide down the inner
surface of the cylinder.
 A proton is moving in a region of uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is
directed into the plane of the paper. The arrow shows the velocity of the proton at
one instant and the dotted circle gives the path followed by the proton.

4a. Explain why the path of the proton is a circle. [2 marks]

The speed of the proton is 2.0 × 106 m s–1 and the magnetic field strength B is
0.35 T.

4b. Show that the radius of the path is about 6 cm. [2 marks]
4c. Calculate the time for one complete revolution. [2 marks]

4d. Explain why the kinetic energy of the proton is constant. [2 marks]

A proton moves along a circular path in a region of a uniform magnetic field. The
magnetic field is directed into the plane of the page.

5a. Label with arrows on the diagram the magnetic force F on the proton. [1 mark]
5b. Label with arrows on the velocity vector v of the proton. [1 mark]

5c. The speed of the proton is 2.16 × 106 m s-1 and the magnetic field [3 marks]
strength is 0.042 T. For this proton, determine, in m, the radius of the
circular path. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

An electron moves in circular motion in a uniform magnetic field.

The velocity of the electron at point P is 6.8 × 105 m s–1 in the direction shown.
The magnitude of the magnetic field is 8.5 T.

6a. State the direction of the magnetic field. [1 mark]

6b. Calculate, in N, the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the [1 mark]
electron.

6c. Explain why the electron moves at constant speed. [1 mark]

6d. Explain why the electron moves on a circular path. [2 marks]

 A small ball of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle on the inside surface of a
frictionless hemispherical bowl.

The normal reaction force N makes an angle θ to the horizontal.

7a. State the direction of the resultant force on the ball. [1 mark]

7b. On the diagram, construct an arrow of the correct length to represent [2 marks]
the weight of the ball.
7c. Show that the magnitude of the net force F on the ball is given by the [3 marks]
following equation.
mg
F=
tan θ

7d. The radius of the bowl is 8.0 m and θ = 22°. Determine the speed of the [4 marks]
ball.
7e. Outline whether this ball can move on a horizontal circular path of radius [2 marks]
equal to the radius of the bowl.

7f. A second identical ball is placed at the bottom of the bowl and the first [3 marks]
ball is displaced so that its height from the horizontal is equal to 8.0 m.

The first ball is released and eventually strikes the second ball. The two balls
remain in contact. Determine, in m, the maximum height reached by the two
balls.
8a. (i) Define gravitational field strength. [2 marks]
(ii) State the SI unit for gravitational field strength.
 8b. A planet orbits the Sun in a circular orbit with orbital period T and orbital [4 marks]
radius R. The mass of the Sun is M.

= √ 4Gπ MR .
2 3
(i) Show that T

(ii) The Earth’s orbit around the Sun is almost circular with radius 1.5×1011 m.
Estimate the mass of the Sun.

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