Mod 6 Physics Past HSC Qu

HSC 2014 - Q.
25
Question 25 (5 marks)
(a) Outline an investigation that can be used to demonstrate the principle of an 2

AC induction motor.
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(b) Explain how the motor effect is used in an AC motor. 3

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Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line.
7471310351
HSC 2018 - Q. 22
(a) A drill spins a magnet above a non-magnetic metal disc which is free to rotate. 3
N S
Explain the effect of the rotating magnet on the disc.

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Question 22 continues on page 21
– 20 –
4873310354
Question 22 (continued)
(b) The diagram shows a magnet attached to an electric drill so that it can be rotated 3
between two coils connected to a voltmeter.
Drill
S
N
Magnet
The drill starts from rest and gradually speeds up, reaching its full speed after
three revolutions.
Sketch a graph showing the induced emf across the coils during the time that it
takes the magnet to reach its full speed.
Induced
emf
Time
End of Question 22
– 21 –
7471310351
HSC 2002 - Q. 22
2002 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION
Physics
Centre Number
Section I – Part B (continued)
Student Number
Marks
Two types of generator are shown in the diagram.
B B
To To
external external
circuit circuit
Generator P Generator Q
(a) What is the function of the brush in a generator? 1

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(b) Which of these generators is a DC generator? Justify your choice. 3

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(c) Outline why AC generators are used in large-scale electrical power production. 2
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436 – 21 –
HSC 2001 - Q. 21
Physics Centre Number

Student Number
Marks
A fan that ventilates an underground mine is run by a very large d.c. electric motor. 3
This motor is connected in series with a variable resistor to protect the windings in the
coil.
When the motor is starting up, the variable resistor is adjusted to have a large
resistance. The resistance is then lowered slowly as the motor increases to its
operating speed.
Explain why no resistance is required when the motor is running at high speed, but a
substantial resistance is needed when the motor is starting up.
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436 – 17 –
HSC 2009 - Q. 19
An electron is emitted from a mineral sample, and travels through aperture A into a
spectrometer at an angle of 60° with a speed of 6.0 × 106 m s–1 .
−100 V
NOT
10 cm TO
e–
SCALE
0V
A D
aperture detector
60°
sample
(a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the force experienced by the electron 3
inside the spectrometer.
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(b) The electron experiences constant acceleration and eventually strikes the 3
detector, D.
What is the time taken for the electron to travel from A to D?
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– 12 –
© Board of Studies NSW 2009
HSC 2007 - Q. 24
Marks
(a) A negatively charged cylinder is fixed in position near a positively charged plate 1
as shown in the cross-section.
Sketch the electric field lines between the cylinder and the plate on the cross-
section diagram.
(b) A tiny particle of mass 10–30 kg and charge +6 × 10–12 C is released at point Y 2
as shown on the diagram. The particle initially accelerates at 7.0 × 1021 m s–2.
Calculate the electric field intensity at Y.
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– 22 –
HSC 2002 - Q. 25
Marks
A pair of parallel metal plates, placed in a vacuum, are separated by a distance

of 5.00 × 10−3 m and have a potential difference of 1000 V applied to them.
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength between the plates. 1
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(b) Calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force acting on an electron between 1
the plates.
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(c) A beam of electrons is fired with a velocity of 3.00 × 106 m s−1 between the 4
plates as shown. A magnetic field is applied between the plates, sufficient to
cancel the force on the electron beam due to the electric field.
Beam of electrons +
1000 V
−
Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field required between
the plates to stop the deflection of the electron beam.
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– 24 –
HSC 2003 - Q. 27
Marks
In a particle accelerator called a synchrotron, magnetic fields are used to control the 4
motion of an electron so that it follows a circular path of fixed radius.
Describe the changes required in the magnetic field to accelerate an electron to near
the speed of light. Support your answer with appropriate mathematical relationships.
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– 28 –
HSC 2005 - Q. 26
Marks
The diagram shows two parallel horizontal metal plates connected to a DC source of
electricity. Suspended between the plates is a charged particle of mass 9.6 × 10−6 kg.
− − − − − −
Two metal plates

Charged particle 49 V
separated by 2.0 cm
+ + + + + +
(a) Using conventional symbols, draw the electric field between the metal plates on 1
the diagram above.
(b) Determine the magnitude of the electric field between the plates. 1
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(c) Determine the sign and magnitude of the charge on the particle if it is suspended 3
motionless between the plates.
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– 24 –
HSC 2005 - Q. 27
Bubble chambers are used in conjunction with particle accelerators to photographically record
the tracks of fast-moving charged particles. An intense magnetic field is applied at right angles
to the path of the particles to deflect them according to their charge and momentum.
The diagram shows a beam of protons travelling horizontally at 6.0 × 107 m s−1 and entering a
liquid hydrogen bubble chamber in a vertical magnetic field of 1.82 T.
Powerful
Camera N magnet
Proton beam
Liquid hydrogen
bubble chamber
Examination of the photograph taken by the camera, as sketched below, shows that the protons
were deflected along a circular path of radius 0.350 metres.
Proton beam
Proton tracks in bubble chamber
– 26 –
Marks
(a) Derive an expression for the momentum of a proton from the forces it 2
experiences in this experiment.
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(b) Calculate the mass of a proton in the bubble chamber. 2

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(c) Calculate the rest mass of a proton found from this experiment. 2
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End of Question 27
– 27 –
HSC 2008 - Q. 23
Marks
Two parallel metal plates in a magnetic field are separated by a distance d, as shown.
An electron enters the space between the plates.
e v
d
B
(a) On the diagram indicate with an arrow the direction of the force on the electron 1
due to the magnetic field.
(b) The strength of the magnetic field is B = 0.001 T and the electron’s velocity 2
is v = 2 × 106 m s–1. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic force on the
electron.
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(c) If d = 10 mm, calculate the voltage required for the electron to continue on a 2
straight path parallel to the plates.
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(d) How was this experimental set-up used by Thomson to determine the 2
charge/mass ratio of an electron?
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– 16 –
HSC 2009 - Q. 25
Physics
Centre Number
Student Number
In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the particle beams are steered using magnetic
fields, as shown.
Superconducting
electromagnet
Particle path
(a) Two particles with the same mass and speed are travelling through the LHC in 2
opposite directions.
What can be deduced about the charge on the particles?
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(b) During a test run, a proton travels with a speed of 1.0 × 107 m s–1 around the 3
LHC. The radius of curvature of its path is 4.2 m.
Calculate the magnetic field strength.

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436b – 19 –
HSC 2012 - Q. 30
The diagram shows the paths taken by two moving charged particles when they enter
a region of uniform magnetic field.
B = 1.0 T Path P
Path Q
(a) Why do the paths curve in different directions? 1

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(b) Why are the paths circular? 2

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(c) How do the properties of a particle affect the radius of curvature of its path in a 2
uniform magnetic field?
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– 28 –
HSC 2013 - Q. 26
Centre Number
Student Number
(5 marks)
An electric field is produced between two charged parallel plates, M and N.
M
N
(a) The plates, M and N, are 1.0 cm apart and have an electric field of 15 V m–1.
Calculate the potential difference between the plates.
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(b) The potential difference is now changed and a magnetic field of 0.5 T is placed
perpendicular to the plates, as shown in the diagram below.
M
Electron
Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field required to allow the
electron to travel through undeflected, if the electron is moving at 1 × 104 m s–1.
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2713 – 19 –
HSC 2015 - Q. 24
Question 24
5000 V
Heating
filament e–
−
e
e−
e−
2 cm
Cathode Anode Deflection plates
9964310350
(b) Calculate the force on an electron due to the electric field between the cathode 2
and the anode.
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(c) Calculate the velocity of an electron as it reaches the anode. 2

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End of Question 24
– 19 –
5638310354
HSC 2016 - Q. 23
(a) Explain the role of the deflection plates in displaying voltage changes applied to 3
the input of a cathode ray oscilloscope.
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(b) The diagram shows electrons travelling in a vacuum at 5.2 × 104 m s–1 entering 3
an electric field of 10 V m–1.

Electric field
Electrons
A magnetic field is applied so that the electrons continue undeflected.
What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field?
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– 18 –
9964310350
HSC 2017 - Q. 30
In a thought experiment, a proton is travelling at a constant velocity in a vacuum with 4

no field present. An electric field and a magnetic field are then turned on at the same
time.
The fields are uniform in magnitude and direction and can be considered to extend
infinitely. The velocity of the proton at the instant the fields were turned on is
perpendicular to the fields.
v KEY
Electric field
Proton
Magnetic field
Analyse the motion of the proton after the fields have been turned on.

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– 28 – © 2017 NSW Education Standards Authority
9410310299
HSC 2019 - Q. 33
A proton and an alpha particle are fired into a uniform magnetic field with the same 4
speed from opposite sides as shown. Their trajectories are initially perpendicular to
the field.
Alpha
Proton particle
Explain ONE similarity and ONE difference in their trajectories as they move in the
magnetic field.
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– 31 –
4074310368
HSC 2004 - Q. 21
Marks
(a) The diagram shows a two-pole DC motor as constructed by a student. 3
Coils of
copper wire
(50 turns) Pin
N
Copper split-ring Bar magnet

commutator
N
Pin
Copper brushes
touching the
commutator
Identify THREE mistakes in the construction of this DC motor as shown in the

diagram.
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– 18 –
Marks
(b) An ammeter was used to measure the current through a small DC motor. While 3
it was running freely, a current of 2.09 A was recorded. While the motor was
running, the axle of the motor was held firmly, preventing it from rotating, and
the current was then recorded as 2.54 A.
Explain this observation.

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End of Question 21
– 19 –
HSC 2008 - Q. 18

Physics
Centre Number
Section I (continued)
Student Number
Marks
The diagram shows a coil in a magnetic field. The coil can rotate freely.
N P S
X Y
The coil is connected to a power supply and, at the instant shown, terminal X is
positive.
(a) In which direction will side PQ initially move? 1
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(b) When the coil starts rotating, the potential difference experienced by the 3
electrons in the wire is less than that supplied by the power supply.
Describe the origin of this effect.

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435a – 11 –
HSC 2013 - Q. 29
(5 marks)
A 0.05 kg mass is lifted at a constant speed by a DC motor. The motor has a coil of
100 turns in a 0.1 T magnetic field. The area of the coil is 0.0012 m2. The motor shaft
has a radius of 0.004 m.
Motor
Motor shaft
Table
String
Mass
(a) Determine the force needed to lift the mass.

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(b) Calculate the minimum current required in the coil to lift the mass.
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– 24 –
©
HSC 2015 - Q. 22
Question 22
ABCD
N
1.0 A A B
Power Axis of rotation

supply
D C
S
AB BC 3
4873310354
HSC 2018 - Q. 26
Outline the similarities and differences between the effects of electric fields and 4
gravitational fields on matter. In your answer, refer to the definitions of these fields.
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– 25 –
6157310351
HSC 2012 - Q. 26
A transmission line is to be used to supply 100 MW of power from a power station to

a substation 100 km away. Three possible designs are shown below.
Design A – Low voltage
Power station Substation

120 MW 100 MW input
output 33 kV input
100 km
Design B – High voltage

40 W total
Power station line resistance
Substation
with step-up
100 MW input
transformer,
500 kV input
508 kV output
100 km
Design C – Superconducting
Superconducting
transmission line
Power Substation
station 100 MW input
100 km
The cooling requirements for the

superconducting transmission line
consume 30 kW per km of line
– 20 –
Using physics principles and appropriate calculations, evaluate each design to determine 6
the best way of transmitting power from the power station to the substation.
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End of Question 26
– 21 –
HSC 2013 - Q. 27
(7 marks)
(a) A generator starts at the position shown and is rotated by one revolution in the
first second. It is then rotated by two revolutions in the next second.
N motion
Sketch a graph on the axes showing the electromotive force (emf) produced by
this generator for these two seconds.
emf
0 time (s)
1 2
– 20 –
(b) An electric motor can be used to propel a vehicle. The electric motor can be
made to operate as a generator when the vehicle is moving. This will have a
braking effect on the vehicle.
Explain the physics principles involved in the propelling and braking of this
vehicle.
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– 21 –
HSC 2002 - Q. 23
Marks
(a) State Lenz’s law. 1
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(b) When the metal rod is moved upwards through the magnetic field as shown in
the diagram, an emf is induced between the two ends.
Direction of motion
S N End Y
S N
End X
(i) Which end of the rod is negative? 1
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(ii) Explain how the emf is produced in the rod. 3
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(c) Explain how the principle of induction can be used to heat a conductor. 2
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– 22 –
HSC 2003 - Q. 20
Marks
Two solenoids (coils) with hollow cores are suspended using string so that they are 4
hanging in the positions shown below. The solenoids are free to move in a pendulum
motion.
Support Support
Copper wire
A B A B
N S N S
Figure 1 – First investigation Figure 2 – Second investigation
In the first investigation shown in Figure 1, a strong bar magnet is moved towards the
solenoid until the north end of the magnet enters the solenoid and then the motion of
the magnet is stopped.
In the second investigation, shown in Figure 2, a thick copper wire is connected

between the two terminals, A and B, at the ends of the solenoid. The motion of the
magnet is repeated exactly in this second investigation.
Explain the effect of the motion of the magnet on the solenoid in the two investigations.
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– 19 –
HSC 2008 - Q. 26

Physics
Centre Number
Section I (continued)
Student Number
Marks
An induction coil is a type of transformer that allows a small voltage to be stepped up

to a higher voltage. An induction coil consists of a primary coil wound around an iron
core and a secondary coil. The secondary coil can be moved sideways so that different
lengths of the iron core are within the secondary coil.
The photographs show an induction coil with the secondary coil in two different
arrangements with the power supply turned off. At sufficiently high voltages a spark
can be produced between the secondary coil electrodes.
electrodes Arrangement A Arrangement B electrodes
secondary coil primary coil secondary coil
(a) Which arrangement would produce a spark when the power supply is turned on? 1
Justify your choice.
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(b) Explain how different voltages are induced when the secondary coil is moved to 2
different positions.
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437 – 19 –
HSC 2010 - Q. 26
A bar magnet is dropped through the centre of a solenoid connected to a data logger
as shown.
S
N
Voltage Data
Solenoid sensor logger
The data are recorded in the graph as shown.
1.0
0.8
0.6
X
Potential difference (V)
0.4
0.2
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
Y
−0.8
−1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Time (s)
(a) Why is the magnitude of the potential difference at Y greater than at X? 2

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– 18 –
(b) The magnet is dropped again with two changes being made. 3
1. It is dropped from a greater height.

2. The south pole of the magnet is pointing down.
Sketch a graph that represents the most likely outcome of this new experiment.
1.0
0.8
0.6
Potential difference (V)
0.4
0.2
0
−0.2
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Time (s)
End of Question 26
– 19 –
HSC 2012 - Q. 22
A bar magnet is placed on a sensitive electronic balance as shown in the diagram. A

hollow solenoid is held stationary, such that the magnet is partly within the solenoid.
Copper wire
Solenoid
short circuit
N
Bar magnet
S
Electronic balance
42.42 g
The solenoid is then lifted straight up without touching the magnet. The reading on
the balance is observed to change briefly.
(a) Why does a current flow in the solenoid? 2

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(b) Explain the reason for changes in the reading on the electronic balance as the 4
solenoid is removed.
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– 14 –
HSC 2013 - Q. 27
(7 marks)
(a) A generator starts at the position shown and is rotated by one revolution in the
first second. It is then rotated by two revolutions in the next second.
N motion
Sketch a graph on the axes showing the electromotive force (emf) produced by
this generator for these two seconds.
emf
0 time (s)
1 2
– 20 –
(b) An electric motor can be used to propel a vehicle. The electric motor can be
made to operate as a generator when the vehicle is moving. This will have a
braking effect on the vehicle.
Explain the physics principles involved in the propelling and braking of this
vehicle.
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– 21 –
HSC 2015 - Q. 28
Question 28
5
v
Support
Strong magnet
Copper plate
v
Trolley
A B C D
A D
Velocity
of
trolley
0
A B C D
Position of the front of the trolley
7927310357
HSC 2016 - Q. 22
(a) When an alternating current is passed through coil A, a voltage is observed on 2

the oscilloscope connected to coil B.
Coil A Coil B
Oscilloscope
How could a bar magnet be used, instead of coil A, to produce a similar pattern
on the oscilloscope?
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– 16 –
4873310354
(b) A strong magnet is at rest a few centimetres above a solid metal disc made of a 4
non-magnetic metal. The magnet is then dropped.
Strong magnet
Solid non-magnetic, metal disc
The velocity of the magnet is shown in this graph.
Time (s)
0
Velocity
(m s–1)
Gradient = –9.8
Account for the shape of the graph.
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End of Question 22
– 17 –
7471310351
HSC 2016 - Q. 30
The following makeshift device was made to provide lighting for a stranded astronaut
on Mars.
The mass of Mars is 6.39 × 1023 kg.
Light bulb
Switch
DC +
generator –
Rope
2 kg
The 2 kg mass falls, turning the DC generator, which supplies energy to the light bulb.
The mass falls from a point that is 3 376 204 m from the centre of Mars.

(a) Calculate the maximum possible energy released by the light bulb as the mass 3
falls through a distance of one metre.
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Explain the difference in the behaviour of the falling mass when the switch is 3
open.
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– 26 –
8246310352
HSC 2017 - Q. 27
The diagram shows an electric circuit in a magnetic field directed into the page. The
graph shows how the flux through the conductive loop changes over a period of
12 seconds.
Flux
(Wb)
0.6
Q
V 0.60 m 0.3
P
0
Conductor 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)

(a) Calculate the maximum magnetic field strength within the stationary loop 2
during the 12-second interval.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the maximum voltage generated in the circuit by the changing flux. In 3
your answer, indicate the polarity of the terminals P and Q when this occurs.
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– 24 –
7407310293
HSC 2011 - Q. 25
Physics
Centre Number
Student Number
Identical magnets A and B are suspended above vertical copper tubes as shown in the 4
diagram.
Magnet A Magnet B
N N
S S
Copper tube Slotted

copper tube
The magnets are dropped at the same time. Each magnet falls straight through its tube
without touching the tube walls.
Which magnet leaves its tube first and why?

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3433 – 15 –
HSC 2015 - Q. 22
Question 22
ABCD
N
1.0 A A B
Power Axis of rotation

supply
D C
S
AB BC 3
4873310354
HSC 2013 - Q. 25
(4 marks)
P, Q and R are straight current-carrying conductors.
Conductors P and R are fixed and unable to move. Conductor Q is free to move.
P Q R
1m 6A 2A 2A
5 mm 2.5 mm
(a) In which direction will the conductor Q move as a result of the current flow in P
and R?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by Q as a result of the currents
through P and R.
...............................................................................................................................
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– 18 –
©
HSC 2001 - Q. 22
Marks
Two parallel wires are separated by a distance of 0.75 m. Wire X is 3.0 m long and
carries a current of 2.0 A. Wire Y can be considered to be infinitely long and carries a
current of 5.0 A. Both currents flow in the same direction along the wires.
3.0 m
Wire X
2.0 A
0.75 m
Wire Y
5.0 A
(a) What is the direction of the force that exists between the two wires? 1
...............................................................................................................................
(b) On the axes, sketch a graph that shows how the force between the two wires 2
would vary if the length of Wire X was increased.
Force
Length of Wire X
(c) In your Physics course you have performed a first-hand investigation to 4

demonstrate the motor effect. Explain how your results demonstrated that effect.
...............................................................................................................................
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– 18 –
HSC 2003 - Q. 19
Marks
Two straight copper wires are suspended so that their lower ends dip into a conducting 3
salt solution in a beaker as shown. The length of the straight section of each wire
above the conducting salt solution is 35 cm and they are placed 1.5 cm apart. The ends
of the wire do not touch the bottom of the beaker. The two wires are connected to a
DC power supply.
1.5 cm
NOT TO
35 cm SCALE
Conducting
salt solution
A current of 2 amperes flows from the battery. Calculate the magnitude and direction
of the initial force on each wire.
.........................................................................................................................................
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– 18 –
HSC 2004 - Q. 26
The diagram shows part of an experiment designed to measure the force between two parallel
current-carrying conductors.
1
cm
A
= 1.0
I1
I2
cm
20
The experimental results are tabulated below.
I2 (A) Force (× 10−6 N)

0 0
2.0 7
3.0 11
4.0 14
5.0 18
– 24 –
Marks
(a) Plot the data and draw the line of best fit. 3
20
18
16
14
12
F (×10−6 N)
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
I2 (A)
(b) Calculate the gradient of the line of best fit from the graph. 1
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(c) Write an expression for the magnetic force constant k in terms of the gradient and 2
other variables.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(d) Use this expression and the gradient calculated in part (b) to determine the value 1
of the magnetic force constant k.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
End of Question 26
– 25 –
HSC 2005 - Q. 21
Marks
Two thin metal tubes one metre long were supported in a vertical wooden rack as
shown in the diagram.
tre
1 me
10 cm
− +
The two ends were connected together, then the other two ends were connected briefly
to a car battery as shown in the diagram. It was observed that one of the tubes jumped
upward as the connection was made.
(a) Explain why only one tube jumped upward. 2
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Each tube has a mass of 1 × 10−2 kg, and the tubes lie on the rack 10 cm apart. 3
What minimum current flows when one tube jumps?

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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(c) What is the implication of this result for power distribution networks? 1
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
– 18 –
HSC 2006 - Q. 20
Marks
A balance was used to investigate the relationship between current and force. The
balance was set up with one copper rod fixed to it and a second rod fixed above it, as
shown in the diagram. Each rod was connected to a source of current. The diagram is
not to scale.
Copper rod
Copper rod
Electronic balance
1.3 m
2.6
The copper rods were rigid, each was 2.6 m long, and they were parallel. The current
in the upper rod was kept constant at 50 A. Different currents were passed through the
lower rod and the balance reading recorded for each current. The readings are given
in the table below.
Current in lower rod Balance reading

(A) (kg)
2.8 0.5485
8.0 0.5480
12.2 0.5474
16.8 0.5470
20.0 0.5465
(a) Identify the relative directions of the currents in both rods, and justify your 2
answer.
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– 20 –
Marks
(b) Plot the data from the table onto the graph, using the scales and axes as 2
indicated, and add the line of best fit (trend line).
0.5495
0.5490
Balance reading (kg)
0.5485
0.5480
0.5475
0.5470
0.5465
0.5460
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Current in lower rod (A)
(c) Find the mass of the copper rod on the balance. 1

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(d) Calculate the distance between the two copper rods. 3

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End of Question 20
– 21 –
HSC 2009 - Q. 23
Two identical wires, W1 and W2, each 2.5 m in length, are positioned as shown. They
carry identical currents in the direction indicated.
W1 W2
NOT
TO
SCALE
5 cm
(a) Identify the direction of the force which W2 experiences as a result of the current 1
in W1.
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the current in each wire, given that the two wires experience a force 2
of 6.9 × 10–4 N.
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(c) A third wire, W3 , carrying a smaller current, is now placed as shown. 3
W1 W2 W3
NOT
TO
SCALE
5 cm 8 cm
Explain qualitatively the forces on W2 as a result of the currents in W1 and W3.

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– 16 –
HSC 2010 - Q. 28
Physics
Centre Number
Student Number
A copper rod is placed on a wooden frame, which is placed on an electronic balance. 4

A length of 0.2 m of the rod passes at right angles to a horizontal magnetic field.
magnetic field
0.2 m
0.3 A insulating frame
Electronic balance
When a current of 0.3 A is passed through the rod, the reading on the balance
increases by 7.5 × 10−4 kg.
What is the strength and direction of the magnetic field?
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3434 – 21 –
HSC 2014 - Q. 23
A square current-carrying wire loop is placed near a straight current-carrying conductor, 3

as shown in the diagram.
B C
!
A D
Explain how the current in the wire loop affects the straight conductor.
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!
– 15 –
1159310358
HSC 2019 - Q. 28
A metal loop, WXYZ is connected to a battery and placed in a uniform magnetic field. 3
A current flows through the loop in the direction shown.
N
W X
I
P Q
Battery
Z Y
S
The loop is then allowed to rotate by 90° about the axis PQ.
Compare the forces acting on WX and XY before and after this rotation.
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– 25 –
0136310363
HSC 1999 - Q. 24
24 Two conducting parallel rails are situated in a region of a permanent magnetic field and
connected to a battery via a switch. A narrow conducting slider is laid across the rails at
the midpoint of the rails as shown in the diagram.
0·80 m
Switch
0·10 m Magnetic field

into the page
Midpoint of rails
The strength of the magnetic field is 0·50 T and the slider is initially at rest. When the
switch is closed a current of 20 A flows through the slider.
(a) Calculate the magnetic force acting on the slider. Give the magnitude and direction.
(b) The mass of the slider is 0·040 kg and the force of friction from the rails is 0·36 N.
Calculate the velocity of the slider as it comes off the rails.
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.........................................................................................................................................
HSC 2007 - Q. 25
Marks
A student claims that a DC generator is an ‘electric motor in reverse’. 4
Analyse this claim with reference to the structure and function of a simple DC
generator and an electric motor.
Include diagrams in your answer.
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– 23 –
HSC 2007 - Q. 21
Marks
A simple motor consists of a flat rectangular coil with n turns in a magnetic field B
as shown.
B = 0.1 T
1A
X Y 0.01 m2
The coil has an area of 0.01 m2 and carries a current of 1 A. The motor drives a pulley
of diameter 20 cm, and weights can be hung from either side of the pulley at point X
or point Y.
(a) In order to prevent rotation, should a weight be hung at point X or at point Y? 1

Justify your answer.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) What is the magnitude of the torque provided by a mass of 0.2 kg suspended 2
from either point X or point Y?
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(c) If the motor is just stopped by a mass of 0.2 kg, how many turns does the coil 2
have?
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– 18 –
HSC 2009 - Q. 21
A rectangular wire loop is connected to a DC power supply. Side X of the loop is

placed next to a magnet. The loop is free to rotate about a pivot.
30 cm 30 cm NOT
th
Nor Y TO
m
X 20 c SCALE
− + pivot
When the power is switched on, a current of 20 A is supplied to the loop. To prevent
rotation, a mass of 40 g can be attached to either side X or side Y of the loop.
(a) On which side of the loop should the mass be attached to prevent rotation? 1
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the torque provided by the 40 g mass. 2
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
(c) Calculate the magnetic field strength around side X. 3
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– 14 –
HSC 2011 - Q. 27
Physics
Centre Number
Student Number
A single turn coil is positioned in a region of uniform magnetic field with a strength
of 0.2 T. The plane of the coil is at 45° to the magnetic field. The coil is a square with
5 cm sides, and carries a current of 10.0 A.
45° D
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the force on side AB. 2
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
(b) Explain why the net force produced by the magnetic field on the coil is zero. 2
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3434 – 19 –
HSC 2017 - Q. 22
(a) A torque is applied to a nut, using a wrench, as shown. 2
Nut
Force
Suggest TWO ways that the applied torque could be increased.

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) A coil consisting of 15 turns is placed in a uniform 0.2 T magnetic field between 3
two magnets. A current of 7.0 amperes flows in the direction shown.
Coil
A B
S I 0.08 m N
D C
0.06 m
Calculate the magnitude and direction of the torque produced by the side BC of
the 15-turn coil.
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– 19 –
8668310293
HSC 2018 - Q. 30
The diagram shows a model of a system used to distribute energy from a power station 6
through transmission lines and transformers to houses.
Power T1 T2 Houses
station
During the evening peak period there is an increase in the number of electrical
appliances being turned on in houses.
Explain the effects of this increased demand on the components of the system, with
reference to voltage, current and energy.

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– 30 –
8246310352
HSC Marks
2003 - Q. 21
(a) Explain the relationship between the current in the primary coil and the current 3
in the secondary coil of an ideal step-down transformer in relation to the
conservation of energy.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) Explain why a transformer will work in an AC circuit but not in a DC circuit. 2
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436 – 21 –
HSC 2006 - Q. 24
Physics
Centre Number
Student Number
Marks
Discuss the origins of unwanted heat production in transformers and ways in which 3
these can be overcome.
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Please turn over
436b – 25 –
HSC 2014 - Q. 24
The primary winding of a transformer contains 2000 turns. The primary AC voltage
is 23 000 volts and the output voltage is 660 000 volts.
(a) Calculate the number of turns on the secondary winding. 2
...............................................................................................................................
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!
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(b) If the current in the primary winding of the transformer is 100 A, and the 3
secondary winding has a resistance of 2000 Ω, what is the power loss in the
secondary winding, assuming there is no power loss in the primary winding?
(Show calculations.)
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– 16 –
4873310354
HSC 2015 - Q. 25
Question 25
Input: 240 V AC 5.0 A

Output: 2 kV AC 1.0 A
9657310359
HSC 2017 - Q. 28
Contrast the design of transformers and magnetic braking systems in terms of the 6
effects that eddy currents have in these devices.
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– 25 –
4957310290
HSC 2019 - Q. 24
A step-up transformer is constructed using a solid iron core. The coils are made using
copper wires of different thicknesses as shown.
Solid iron core
AC supply Resistor
The table shows electrical data for this transformer.
Vs Is Vp Ip
50 V 9A 500 J s–1

(a) Explain how the operation of this transformer remains consistent with the law 3
of conservation of energy. Include a relevant calculation in your answer.
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(b) Explain how TWO modifications to this transformer would improve its 4
efficiency.
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– 20 –
5486310366

Mod 6 Physics Past HSC Qu

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HSC 2014 - Q.

(a) Outline an investigation that can be used to demonstrate the principle of an 2

(b) Explain how the motor effect is used in an AC motor. 3

Explain the effect of the rotating magnet on the disc.

Do NOT write in this area.

Question 22 continues on page 21

2002 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

Two types of generator are shown in the diagram.

(a) What is the function of the brush in a generator? 1

(b) Which of these generators is a DC generator? Justify your choice. 3

2001 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

Physics Centre Number

What is the time taken for the electron to travel from A to D?

Calculate the electric field intensity at Y.

A pair of parallel metal plates, placed in a vacuum, are separated by a distance

Two metal plates

Proton tracks in bubble chamber

Question 27 continues on page 27

(b) Calculate the mass of a proton in the bubble chamber. 2

2009 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

What can be deduced about the charge on the particles?

Calculate the magnetic field strength.

(a) Why do the paths curve in different directions? 1

(b) Why are the paths circular? 2

Cathode Anode Deflection plates

Question 24 continues on page 19

(c) Calculate the velocity of an electron as it reaches the anode. 2

Do NOT write in this area.

A magnetic field is applied so that the electrons continue undeflected.

What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field?

In a thought experiment, a proton is travelling at a constant velocity in a vacuum with 4

Do NOT write in this area.

– 28 – © 2017 NSW Education Standards Authority

(a) The diagram shows a two-pole DC motor as constructed by a student. 3

Copper split-ring Bar magnet

Identify THREE mistakes in the construction of this DC motor as shown in the

Question 21 continues on page 19

Explain this observation.

2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

(a) In which direction will side PQ initially move? 1

Describe the origin of this effect.

(a) Determine the force needed to lift the mass.

Power Axis of rotation

Please turn over

A transmission line is to be used to supply 100 MW of power from a power station to

Design A – Low voltage

Power station Substation

Design B – High voltage

The cooling requirements for the

Question 26 continues on page 21

(a) State Lenz’s law. 1

(i) Which end of the rod is negative? 1

(ii) Explain how the emf is produced in the rod. 3

Figure 1 – First investigation Figure 2 – Second investigation

In the second investigation, shown in Figure 2, a thick copper wire is connected

2008 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFIC ATE EXAMINATION

An induction coil is a type of transformer that allows a small voltage to be stepped up

electrodes Arrangement A Arrangement B electrodes

secondary coil primary coil secondary coil

The data are recorded in the graph as shown.

(a) Why is the magnitude of the potential difference at Y greater than at X? 2

Question 26 continues on page 19

1. It is dropped from a greater height.