Economic Sector Pag-Asa Arc (Agrarian Reform Communities)

NIPA-KAIBA: A Conducive Working Environment for an Eco-efficient Agro-Industrial Development in Paombong, Promoting Renewable Energy Source from Nipa
Almoete, Almira C. | Bernardo, Joyce Ann B. | Nogales, Kevin E. BSAR-5D
3. Sectoral Data
Economic Sector
PAG-ASA ARC
(Agrarian Reform Communities)
The Department of Agrarian reform have identified the

ARC of Paombong which is composed of nine (9) barangays. It
is an assistance, support services to strengthen farmer
organizations and farm household involvement in Agrarian
Reform Communities (ARCs). It undertakes development
activities which can provide opportunities and enhance farmers'
incomes for sustainable economic growth.
Nine (9) Agrarian Reform Communities

1. Kapitangan
2. Pinalagdan
3. Sro.Rosario
4. San Isidro I
5. San Isidro II
6. Sto. Nino
7. San Vicente
8. San Jose Fig. 2.9 ARC PAGASA development (2008-2023 CLUP)
9. San Roque Source: Paombong MPDC
Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 83

Agriculture
Agriculture is still the biggest source of livelihood in the Municipality of Paombong. The municipality has a total
land area of four thousand six hundred thirty-four hectares (4634 ha.) and the biggest part of it is dedicated in agriculture
which is mostly agri-fishery than agri-farming. Agricultural area of Paombong includes cropland, fishponds, nipa grass area,
and farms for livestock and poultry production.
Agroforestry Area
Total Land Agricultural Area Protected Area
Municipality/ City (Swamp/Nipa land)
Area (ha) (ha) (ha)
(ha)
PAOMBONG 4,634 3,799.28 282.57 n/a
Table 2.12 Land Area of Agriculture as of 2016
Source: Agriculture Office of Paombong
Agri-fishery is a prospering industry in Paombong, fishponds are concentrated on the two semi-coastal barangays:
San Jose and San Roque; and on the coastal barangays of Binakod, Masukol and Sta. Cruz. According to the Agriculture
Office, salt water intrusion is happening in the land areas for crop production. So some agri-farming lands are converted
into fishponds.
Municipality/ City Number of Number of Major LGU Annual

Farmers1 Fisherfolk2 Sources of Income
Income
PAOMBONG 349 2,484 Internal 106,095,097.17
Revenue
Allotment
Table 2.13 Numbers of farmers and fisher folks, 2016
Major agricultural crops grown by the Municipality:

Municipality / Major Area Planted Area harvested Volume of Yield Number of

Commodity (ha) (ha) Production (mt/ha) Engaged Farmers
(mt)
Rice 150.30 122.40 448.75 3.68 115
Tomato 2.37 2.35 18.35 7.75 35
Ampalaya 1.125 1.125 8.5 7.5 14
Pole Sitao 0.5 0.5 4.20 8.4 45
Okra 0.6 0.55 4.5 8.18 21
Eggplant 0.4 0.4 4.5 11.25 18
Hot Pepper 0.3 0.3 0.9 3.0 8
Turnip 3.0 3.0 45.0 15.0 5
Upo 0.5 0.5 4.1 8.2 21
Squash 0.35 0.35 2.95 8.43 35
Cucumber 0.1 0.1 1.1 11.10 10
Patola 0.4 0.4 3.75 9.38 27
Table 2.14 Municipal Agricultural Profile in crops grown in Paombong, 2016
Major poultry and livestock raised by Municipality:

Municipality / Inventory (head) as of July 01, 2017 Volume of Number of Raisers/
Type of Poultry & Production1 Ranchers
Livestock Backyard Commercial Total (mt meat) Backyard Commercial
Broiler 500000 500,000 1
Carabao 40 40 35
Swine 1,075 198 1,173 975 4
Quail 18000 18,000 3
Native Chicken 3,479 3,479 623
Game fowl 1,534 1,534 754
Chicken
Cattle 14 14 10
Mallard duck 520 520 12
Muscovy duck 2,715 2,715 305
Table 2.15 Municipal Agricultural Profile poultry and livestock raised in Paombong, 2016

Major fishery commodities by Municipality:
Municipality / Volume (mt)

Fishery COMMERCIAL AQUACULTURE MUNICIPAL
Commodities
Bangus 300 - 750 kg/cropping/ha.
(for polyculture)
1.5 – 1.8 MT/cropping/ha. (for
monoculture)
Shrimp 150 kg/ha. /cropping
Tilapia 300 - 500 kg/ha. /cropping
Mudcrab 200 -250 kg/ha. /cropping
Oyster 7.65 mt/ year
Note: No. of croppings/year: 2 - 3 croppings/yr
Table 2.16 Municipal Agricultural Profile fishery commodities in Paombong, 2016
Presence and Profile of Rural Based Organizations

(e.g. Irrigator’s Association, Cooperatives, Farmer’s Organization, etc.)
Organization and cooperatives are available the municipality. Tuba Gatherers of Paombong is one of the two
inactive associations in Paombong, it was established in 2006, and there is only twenty-five (25) members.
Name of Scope of Year Number Type and Status of Registered or If YES,
Organization Operation Organiz of Economic the not indicate
(indicate if ed Member Activity/ies organizati (Yes or No) registering
MUNICIPAL, s on authority (e.g.
PROVINCIAL, CDA, SEC,
REGIONAL) DOLE, etc.)
Sto. Rosario MUNICIPAL 2009 2812 Cooperative Active Yes CDA
ARBA MPC

Paombong MUNICIPAL 2009 590 Cooperative Active Yes CDA

Kilusang Bayan
sa Pananalapi
Cooperative
Kapitangan Credit MUNICIPAL 2010 45 Cooperative Active Yes CDA
Cooperative
Paombong MUNICIPAL 2015 29 Cooperative Active Yes CDA
Farmers
Marketing
Cooperative
Jitney Transport MUNICIPAL 2012 23 Cooperative Active Yes CDA
Cooperative
Kapitangan MUNICIPAL 2013 60 Farmers Active Yes DOLE
Irrigators and Association
Farmers
Association
(KIFA)
Samahan ng MUNICIPAL 2010 30 Farmers Active Yes DOLE
Maggugulay ng Association
Pinalagdan
Bukluran ng MUNICIPAL 2012 27 Fishpond Active Yes DOLE
Maliliit na Operators
Mamalaisdaan ng Association
Paombong
(BUMMAP)
Mangas Fisherfolk MUNICIPAL 2015 34 Fisherfolks Active Yes DOLE
Association Association
Samahan ng MUNICIPAL 2007 103 Fisherfolks Active Yes DOLE
Mangingisda ng Association
San Roque
(SAMSRO)
Kalipunan ng MUNICIPAL 2013 93 Fisherfolks Active Yes SEC
San Isidro II, Inc.
Sitio Bubog -
LAMBAT

Paombong MUNICIPAL 2012 40 Fishpond Active Yes DOLE

Fishfarmers Operators
Association Association
Sta. Cruz
Samahang MUNICIPAL 2013 40 Fisherfolks Inactive Yes DOLE
Binacod
Tuba Gatherers of MUNICIPAL 2006 25 Vinegar Inactive Yes DOLE
Paombong Gatherers
Association
Table 2.17 Organization Profile in Paombong, 2016
One of the proof of the decreasing vinegar industry in Paombong is the inactive association of tuba gatherers in
Paombong as seen on table above that there is only one association in the municipality and its inactive.
Financing
Financial Condition
Cities/Municipalities
Asset Liabilities Equity
1. Angat 230,574 96,737 133,838
2. Balagtas 339,646 85,353 254,288
3. Baliuag 574,633 227,491 347,142
4. Bocaue 348,822 118,403 230,419
5. Bulakan 256,779 104,219 152,561
6. Bustos 125,408 45,181 80.,226
7. Calumpit 323,020 159,916 163,104
8. D.R Trinidad 442,360 125,880 316,480
9. Guiguinto 521,514 249,556 271,958
10. Hagonoy 750,457 279,722 470,735
11. Marilao 988,302 255,114 733,188
12. Norzagaray 963,178 282,747 680,431

13. Obando 110,859 48,177 62,682

14. Pando 337,053 83,310 253,743
15. Paombong 191,426 104,795 86,631
16. Plaridel 617,057 58,215 558,842
17. Pulilan 464,106 141,525 322,581
18. San Ildefonso 890,362 709,863 180,499
19. San Miguel 512,672 323,951 188,721
20. San Rafael 652,636 229,266 423,370
21. Sta. Maria 1,019,891 150,013 869,878
Sub-total 10,660,752 3,879,435 6,681,317
Table 2.18 Financial Profile of Region III (2016) Source: Commission of Audit
Paombong is 3rd to the last in terms of financial capability beside the municipality being a third class municipality.
In 2008, there are two banks serving the municipality. But in the recent 2016 information from Paombong, there is
only one functioning which is the Rural Bank of Sasmuan.
Type of Bank / Name of Bank Location

Rural Banks
Rural Bank of Sasmuan, Inc. Sto.Niño, Paombong, Bulacan
Commercial Banks
N/A
Microfinancing institutions (e.g. CARD bank,

TSPI, TSKI, coop banks, etc.)
M Lhuillier San Isidro I, Paombong, Bulacan
Palawan Pawnshop San Isidro I, Paombong, Bulacan
Villarica Pawnshop San Isidro I, Paombong, Bulacan
Table 2.19 Financing Source: Municipal Agricultural Profile 2016

f. Industry in Paombong
1. Vinegar Production in Paombong
Nipa palm tree grows in coastal areas of Paombong, large

concentration of nipa palm swamps can be found in barangay San
Isidro II, San Roque and San Jose. These barangays are also the
main producers of “Sukang Paombong”, Rajah Botong Vinegar
is the first commercialized vinegar of Paombong produced Fig. 2.10 Nipa palm tree growing in Paombong
through the combined effort of the local government and DTI Photo taken: October 16, 2018
(Department of Trade and Industry) under the program OTOP

(One Town One Product) in the year 2006. Throughout the years
this industry is being affected by the decreasing population of nipa
palm tree due to several factors like pest infestation, and
conversion of nipa palm swamps to fishponds and global warming.
Fig. 2.11 Fermentation of nipa sap in tapayan for vinegar

Photo taken: October 16,2018

Paombong is known as the “Vinegar Capital” of

the Philippines. Vinegar peddling is a long existing local
business, first-ever major industry that gives Paombong
a distinction. Sukang Paombong is from the “tuba” or sap
of nipa/ “sasa”. After the collection of sap, it will be
stored in tapayan or clay pot jars and after a period of
time, the vinegar is ready. It is a naturally fermented
vinegar from nipa palms. In 2006, the first Paombong
Suka Festival was conducted. It’s the way of the
municipality to uplift the declining industry of vinegar.
It’s due to the conversion of nipa lands into fishponds
that’s why the industry is also at its risk stage. In early Fig. 2.12 Nipa palms along the river in San Jose, Paombong
50’s, sixty percent (60%) of coastal swamp land were Photo taken: October 16,2018
covered by nipa lands. According in Paombong CLUP, there are no more than three hundred eighty-four hectares (384 ha.)
of nipa lands and swamps in 2009, now there are only two hundred eighty-two point fifty-seven hectares (282.57 ha.) left
in 2016. Aside from the conversion of nipa lands to fishponds, another major cause that is killing the industry are the
improvement in fish culture technologies and the competition in low-cost vinegar imitation that is sold as fake Sukang
Paombong.
Paombong, Bulacan enacted a municipal ordinance no. 14-s-2002 entitled, An Ordinance Banning the Cutting of
Sasa or Nipa in the Entire Municipality of Paombong and Providing the Penalties for Violations. The ordinance suggests
the preservation of remaining nipa lands and stopping conversion of nipa lands into other uses.

In the registered nipa land owners list according in the Office of the Municipal Assessor, there are nearly three
hundred sixty hectares (360 ha.) registered land use for nipa lands, but according to the government officials in Paombong,
these nipa palm lands are being converted to other uses.
Number of Nipa Palm in Paombong
In 2009 there are a total of two million one hundred sixty-four thousand two hundred sixty (2,164,260) nipa palm
tree in Paombong but on the year 2016 only a total of one million six hundred ninety-five thousand four hundred twenty
(1,695,420) nipa palm trees were left. In a span of nine (9) years, a
Number of Nipa Palm Tree in
decrease of seventy-eight percent (78%) was observed, it is Paombong
equivalent to a total of four hundred sixty-eight thousand eight
hundred forty (468,840) reduction of nipa palm trees. This data is 2,164,260
based on the estimate that a hectare of land in Paombong has a
1,695,420
total of six thousand (6,000) nipa palm trees.
The declining number of nipa palm tree is one of the

factors why the industry of vinegar in the said municipality is
decreasing. (Department of Agriculture-Paombong).
2009 2016
Graph 2.9 Decline in the number of nipa

palm tree from 2009-2016
Source: Author

Barangay Owner Area (hectares)

R. Valencia and C. delos Santos 6.40
San Isidro II A. Gatmaitan 38.32
G. Valencia and F. Borja 2.64
E. Felipe 1.61
L. Clemente and Genoveva Mendoza 2.18
Municipality of Paombong 2.34
San Jose P. Valencia and C. Marcos 6.82
P. Geronimo and P. Valencia 4.49
M. Alonzo and S. Bernardo 3.32
E. Santos 2.04
F. Cruz 12.03
P. Clemente and J. Fajardo 7.07
San Roque F. Salamat 4.02
A. Cabral 15.05
C. Gonzales and S. Dimalawit 4.85
I., F., and C. Fajardo 37.98
Table 2.20 List of owners of biggest nipa palm lands per barangay in Paombong (the full name of the owner is not
included for privacy)
Source: Office of the Municipal Assessor - Paombong
There is two point thirty-four hectares (2.34 ha.) of nipa palm land in San Jose that belongs to the municipality of
Paombong. Most of the nipa palm area are owned by the residents of Paombong, these residents are also the one that produce
“Sukang Paombong”, or local vinegar peddlers. Because of low income from the industry of vinegar making, most of the
nipa palm area owners opted to convert their lands into fishponds (see primary data: interview).

Factors Affecting the Growth/Decline of Vinegar Production
The production of vinegar in Paombong is greatly affected by the situation and number of nipa palm trees in the
Municipality, therefore the condition of the cluster of the said tree is important in the industry of vinegar. The following are
the factors that affect the growth and decline of nipa palm which is related to the growth and decline of vinegar industry.
Soil type
Despite its other name "mangrove palm" and its prevalence in coastal areas, the nipa palm is salt tolerant and
prefers the brackish waters of estuaries.
Season
Nipa palm produces more sap in the rainy season but the sap is less sour than the ones produce in summer.
Nipa palm produces less sap in summer which affects the supply of sap. That is why there is lesser supply of vinegar
during summer compared to rainy season.
Stem Borer (Aksip)

Stem borer infestation is one of the reasons of the decrease in nipa palm trees. According to Mr. Pahati
(primary data: interview) one of the reasons why nipa land owners converted their lands into fishponds is because
of the stem borer infestation that causes the tree to wither and die. Currently, the issue about stem borer is solved
through cutting of the infected parts of the tree and the decrease in the number of pests.

Conversion of nipa palm lands to fish ponds

Because of stem borer infestation and destabilized income in the industry of vinegar, the owners converted
their lands into fishponds, this causes the decline of nipa palm in Paombong.
Licensed Business Owners in Paombong
The following are the list of licensed vinegar and fishpond business in Paombong as of 2014, the table will serve
as a valid proof that the vinegar industry in Paombong is slowly declining.
Fishpond Business Licensed to Operate as of 2014

Location Owner Area (in hectares)
Anita Agustin 4.00
Binakod Raul Agustin 4.00
Eugenio and Petrona Evangelista Realty Inc. 116.81
Afra G. Magalono pd. By Leo Macalino 4.00
Andres Tan 5.77
Rosario Tan 16.71
Lourdes Tan 6.18
Cecilia Tan 286.79
San Jose
Wilhelmina Almario -
Ma. Rhica J. Bagtas 13.00
Rosenthal J. Bagtas 18.00
Rosenthal J. Bagtas 8.00
Virginia Grizel and Anthony Ronidel Tecson 17.00

Ananias Crsostomo et als. Pd BY Edgardo 11.00

Crisostomo
Antonio L. Calayag 2.6871
Eduardo Caparas 3.705
San Roque Rosenthal J. Bagtas 4.00
Philip Tan and Zenaida Tancioco 2.00
San Isidro II Vicente Dalmancio 3.00
Table 2.21 List of Fishpond Business Licensed to Operate in Paombong (2014)

Vinegar Business Licensed to Operate in Paombong (2014)

Name Owner Barangay
Valgan’s Vinegar Product Monica G. Valencia San Roque
Arnold and Lani Vinegar Arnold Lopez Cabigao San Jose
Product
Racel C. Deguzman Racel DC. De guzman Malumot
Table 2.23 Licensed Fishpond Business in Paombong as of 2014
Vinegar Dealer
Source: Municipal Assessors Office-Paombong
Table 2.22 List of Vinegar Business Licensed to Operate as of 2014
The tables show a big gap between the fishpond industry and the vinegar industry. The data shows that there are a
total of nineteen (19) registered fishpond business while the vinegar industry only has three (3) registered business. The
data serves as proof that the vinegar industry in Paombong, Bulacan is declining and being threatened by the fishpond
industry.

2. Pawid- making in Paombong
Pawid-making is another source of income in

Paombong. It’s another product from nipa palm. It is from the
nipa fronds. The leaves are collected, commonly during
trimming of excess fronds to give way for gathering. Pawid is
hand sewn, and according to the municipal profile, a hectare of
sasa can produce ten thousand (10,000) pieces of pawid with
eighty centimeters (80cm) width and one hundred centimeters
(100cm) depth. In 2008, the price of each pawid is two (2)
pesos to three (3) pesos, but today it costs ten (10) pesos.
MEMORIAL CEMETERY /
PARK
Fig. 2.14 Socio-economic map of Paombong (2008-2023 CLUP)

Fig. 2.13 shows bundles of pawid
Source: Paombong MPDC
Photo taken: October 16,2018
(Nipa shingles should be double layered for it to last longer. Single layer shingles last for only 1-2 years)

Limited Economic Base
Paombong is a third class municipality. Based on the

municipal profile, Paombong is highly dependent in agriculture, its
other economic ventures are limited. Also, natural calamities affect
mostly the agriculture sector. Limited economic base will lead to low
job opportunities and the overall economic performance of the
municipality.
Environmental Sector
Fig. 2.15 Fishponds in Paombong
Photo taken: October 16, 2018
Environmentally critical areas
Nipa palm is also identified as mangrove palm. It can

be found along river lines and estuaries with brackish water.
Mangroves is a coastal protection, it serves as a buffer from
damaging storm, strong current, waves, and floods. It also
helps prevent erosion by stabilizing soil through its roots.
Mangroves act as nursery ground for shrimps, mud crabs and
fishes. According to the Municipal profile, coastal
communities in Paombong are used to be forested mangrove
Fig. 2.16 Mangroves in Paombong
area. As the nipa palm lands decreasing over the years, the Photo taken: October 16, 2018
municipality of Paombong make an effort through ordinances, laws and regulations. Still, there are remaining
mangrove areas in barangay Masukol, Binakod, Sta. Cruz, and nipa plantations in San Roque, San Isidro II, and San
Jose.
Water pollution
Water pollution in Paombong are mostly in

the populated areas and inland barangays. Also, it
comes from various sources including residents
wherein disposes sewage in rivers and creeks,
dumpsite wastes and fishpond discharges that flow to
waterways can affect marine life. Water waste can
lead to deterioration of marine and aquatic
ecosystems, declining fish production, health, red tide
and flash floods.
Fig. 2.17 Nipa areas along the wide river in San Jose, Paombong
Photo taken: October 16, 2018

Economic Sector Pag-Asa Arc (Agrarian Reform Communities)

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NIPA-KAIBA: A Conducive Working Environment for an Eco-efficient Agro-Industrial Development in Paombong, Promoting Renewable Energy Source from Nipa

Almoete, Almira C. | Bernardo, Joyce Ann B. | Nogales, Kevin E. BSAR-5D

The Department of Agrarian reform have identified the

Nine (9) Agrarian Reform Communities

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 83

Municipality/ City Number of Number of Major LGU Annual

Major agricultural crops grown by the Municipality:

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 84

Municipality / Major Area Planted Area harvested Volume of Yield Number of

Major poultry and livestock raised by Municipality:

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 85

Major fishery commodities by Municipality:

Municipality / Volume (mt)

Presence and Profile of Rural Based Organizations

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 86

Paombong MUNICIPAL 2009 590 Cooperative Active Yes CDA

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 87

Paombong MUNICIPAL 2012 40 Fishpond Active Yes DOLE

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 88

13. Obando 110,859 48,177 62,682

Type of Bank / Name of Bank Location

Microfinancing institutions (e.g. CARD bank,

Table 2.19 Financing Source: Municipal Agricultural Profile 2016

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 89

1. Vinegar Production in Paombong

Nipa palm tree grows in coastal areas of Paombong, large

(Department of Trade and Industry) under the program OTOP

Fig. 2.11 Fermentation of nipa sap in tapayan for vinegar

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 90

Paombong is known as the “Vinegar Capital” of

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 91

Number of Nipa Palm in Paombong

The declining number of nipa palm tree is one of the

Graph 2.9 Decline in the number of nipa

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 92

Barangay Owner Area (hectares)

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 93

Factors Affecting the Growth/Decline of Vinegar Production

Stem Borer (Aksip)

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 94

Conversion of nipa palm lands to fish ponds

Licensed Business Owners in Paombong

Fishpond Business Licensed to Operate as of 2014

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 95

Ananias Crsostomo et als. Pd BY Edgardo 11.00

Table 2.21 List of Fishpond Business Licensed to Operate in Paombong (2014)

Vinegar Business Licensed to Operate in Paombong (2014)

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 96

2. Pawid- making in Paombong

Pawid-making is another source of income in

Fig. 2.14 Socio-economic map of Paombong (2008-2023 CLUP)

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 97

Limited Economic Base

Paombong is a third class municipality. Based on the

Nipa palm is also identified as mangrove palm. It can

Water pollution in Paombong are mostly in

Chapter 2: Presentation of Data and Case Study 99

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