Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or accomplishing a task in computing.

• Anti-spyware: Software designed to detect and remove spyware, which is malicious software that gathers
information about a person or organization without their knowledge.
• Antivirus: Software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software (viruses, worms, etc.) from
computer systems.
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): A character encoding standard that assigns
numeric values to letters, digits, and symbols, making it possible to represent text in computers.
• Augmented Reality: A technology that overlays computer-generated information, such as images or data, onto
the real-world environment.
• Authenticate: The process of verifying the identity of a user, system, or device.
• Autonomous Programming: Programming that allows a system or device to operate without continuous
human intervention.
• Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in each amount of time, usually
measured in bits per second (bps).
• Binary: The base-2 number system, which uses only (0 and 1). It is fundamental in computing and digital
electronics.
• Bit Flip: The process of changing the value of a bit from 0 to 1 or vice versa.
• Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between devices.
• Brute Force Attack: A method of trying all possible combinations in a password or encryption key until the
correct one is found.
• Client: A device or program that requests services or resources from a server.
• Cyber Attack: Deliberate exploitation of computer systems, networks, or technology
• Data: Information in a form that can be processed by a computer.
• Data Set: A collection of data, usually presented in tabular form.
• Database: An organized collection of data, typically stored and accessed electronically.
• Directory Format: The structure in which data is organized within a file system.
• Ethernet Cable: A common type of wired network connection.
• Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules.
• Flow Chart: A graphical representation of a process, showing the steps involved and their order.
• Hardware: The physical components of a computer system.
• Interface: The point of interaction between software, hardware, or users.
• Interference: Unwanted disruption of communication signals.
• Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.
• Malicious Network: A network intentionally designed to cause harm or exploit vulnerabilities.
• Network Administrator: A professional responsible for managing and maintaining computer networks.
• Online Operating System: An operating system that runs on a server, accessed through a web browser.
• Parallel Transmission: Sending multiple bits of data simultaneously over separate channels.
• Personal Area Network (PAN): A network for connecting devices in the immediate vicinity of an individual.
• Power Surge: A sudden increase in electrical voltage.
• Process: A program in execution, or a series of steps performed by a computer.
• Program: A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a specific task.
• Quarantine: Isolating potentially harmful files or software to prevent them from causing damage.
• Random Access Memory (RAM): A type of computer memory that is used to store data that is actively being
used or processed.
• Serial Transmission: Sending data sequentially, one bit at a time.
• Server: A computer or system that provides services or resources to other computers (clients) in a network.
• Software: Programs and operating information used by a computer.
• Switch: A network device that connects devices within a local area network (LAN) and uses MAC addresses to
forward data to the correct destination.
• Trojan: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
• Unauthorized: Without proper authorization or permission.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that spans a large geographical area, connecting LANs and other
networks.
• Wireless Access: The ability to connect to a network without using physical cables.