Networking

by
Jersha J
Network
• A network is defined as a group of two or
more computer
systems linked
together.
Adv
Increase productivity
Lower the cost etc…
Networking
Networking is the process of
connecting, securing,
maintaining, …etc the
network.
 Computer Network

Computer Network is a collection

of computers and
peripheral devices connected
by communication link.
Network Benefits
• Ease of use
• Work from home
• Sharing Resources
• Sharing Information
• Increase Productivity
• Sharing programs
• Administration
• Security
Hardware
Computer hardware are the physical parts of a computer,
such as the
central processing unit,
monitor,
keyboard,
computer data storage,
graphic card,
sound card and motherboard.
Network Hardware
• Physical components that work together to
create a network.
• Few hardware's are:
• Computer
• Cable
• Connector
• Network Interface Card
Computer
• When computers are linked,
• it work more efficiently.
• Need not be of the same type.
• Connect different computers like IBM_compatible & Macintosh.
Cables
• Wires that connect computers
and resources on a network.
• Different kinds
• Used –size & type
• Type of cable- speed of network.
Connectors
• Device that join two computers or network together.
Network Interface Card
• Joins a cable to a
computer.
• Installed to a computer
• It has a port where
cable plugs in.
Types of Networks

•Personal Area Network (PAN)

•Local Area Network (LAN)
•Campus Area Network (CAN)
•Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
•Wide area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

• Used for communication

among various
electrical devices such as
computer,
phone in a proximity.
• Communication- Internet.
• May use – wireless.
Local Area Network (LAN)
• Located close to one another.
• i.e in one building
• Not more than 100
Ex : office
Campus Area Network (CAN)

• Inter-connection of two r more LAN.

• Larger than LAN
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• Collection of LAN.
• Connect computers located in same geographical area.
• Ex : branches of a local bank in a city.
Wide area Network (WAN)
• Connect LAN & MAN.
• Ex: Internet and ATM
Enterprise Network

•When a single company owns

and controls a wide area
network, it is often called as an
Enterprise network.
Nature of computer network
• Permanent Network
• Use cable to link computers together.
• Stay connected and in place at all times.

• Temporary Network
• Connection established for short period and get disconnected.
• Dial-up connection
Topology
• The art of connecting different computers(or node) in a
network is called as topology.
• Nodes – computer or other devices used for
communication.
• Network topology – the way in which nodes are linked
together in a network.
• Data path – path between two nodes in the network.
• 3 basic topologies
• Star
• Ring
• bus
 Switch
that connects devices together
on a computer network
to receive, process, and forward
data to the destination device.

Also called central system

Hubs can be used instead switch

but switch is preferred because of
its efficiency.

Hub- common connection point in

a network.
Star Topology
• Nodes are connected to central system
called switch
• Switch controls communication
• Adv:
• Minimal line cost
• If one computer affected, remaining
computers stay unaffected.
• Disadv
• System crucially depends on switch. So if switch fails entire system fails.
Ring Topology
• Computers connected in shape called closed ring.
• Nodes connected in close loop so each devices connected to two
other devices one on either side.
• Adv
• No central system
• More reliable compared star
• Disadv
• Complicate to control
• If one node failed, entire system is failed.
Bus Topology
• Nodes are connected to a central cable called bus
• Bus is a single continuous cable
• Transmission from any node can be received by all other nodes present in
both sides in the network.
• Bus has terminator
• absorbs signal and remove from bus.
• Adv
• Easy to set up.
• Failure of one node doesn’t affect other nodes
• Disadv
• Limited flexibility to change
• Signal should be strong to reach the receiver
 Protocol
• Rules to communicate between network devices.
• Types of protocol
• Internet Protocol(IP)
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 Internet Protocol (IP)
IP address
• is a logical numeric address assigned
to computer.
Internet protocol
• Data send from one computer to another on the internet.
• Identify using ip address
• Data – divided in the form of packets.
• Packets – contain ip address of sender’s, receiver’s ip address
and many other fields.
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)
• Place the packets in the right order.
• Internet Protocol(IP)
and
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
together called as

TCP/IP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Set of rules to transfer files
• (text, images, sound etc)
• Transferred on WWW
• Once web browser opened,
user indirectly use HTTP.
• It is an application protocol that runs
on top of TCP/IP Protocols.
  Do You Know
• File server
• It is a computer.
• Distribute application programs and data files to the workstation.
• Network user
• The one who connect his computer to a network.
• Workstation
• It is a computer dedicated to the user.
• Local resources
• A peripheral device, such as a disk, modem or printer, that is directly
connected to a user's computer.
• Network resources
• refer to computer data, information, or hardware devices that can be
easily accessed. Ex: disk storage space, printer, and peripheral devices.