Introduction to Computer

Networking Technology

• What is computer networking?

• Network Types
• Types of LAN
• Network Topology
• Survey of Network Operating System
(NOS)
What is computer Networking?
 What is Stand-alone computing?

• Standalone Computer means a desktop or

laptop computer that is used on its own
without requiring a connection to a local area
network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN)
and is able to function independently of any
other hardware
The stand-alone computer was not enough for the following reasons:

• Their small hard drive capacities were inefficient.

• To print, each computer required a printer
attached locally.
• Sharing documents was cumbersome /
burdensome.
• There was no e-mail. Instead, there was inter
office mail, which was not reliable and frequently
was not delivered in a timely manner.
What is the drawback of Stand-alone
computing?

What is Sneakernet?
A method of transmitting electronic
information by carrying it physically from one
location to another, usually on a Flash disk or
other removable medium
 What is Computer networking
• A computer network is defined as a system that
connects two or more computing devices for
transmitting and sharing information.
• A computer networking is a collection
/connections of two or more computers and
other devices that communicate to share:-
 Data/information
 Hardware
 Software
Internet Connection
 Advantage and disadvantage of
installing computer networks
Advantage of installing computer networks
• Sharing Information (Or Data)-- like, Company Data Base
• Sharing Hardware (Peripheral Devices) Printers,
Faxes,HDD, etc
• Sharing Internet Connection
• Centralizing Administration And Support
• Sharing Programs/Software (Expensive Professional
Software )
 Sharing Programs/Software

• Saves disk space

• Reduces maintenance cost
• Reduce licensing cost of
Expensive professional
software
 Disadvantages of installing Computer
Network
• Expensive to Install.
• Requires Administrative
Time
• File Server May Fail
• Cables May Break
 Terminologies
• Stand-Alone Computer : A computer that is not
connected to a network
• Peers are computers which use and provide network
resources.
• Clients are computers that uses but do not provide
network resources
• Servers are powerful computers that provide network
• Clients are computers that uses but do not provide
network resources
 Terminologies

• Media—the communication channel (bounded or

unbounded) that make the physical connections .
• Network Resources any service or device, such as files,
printers, or other items, made available for use by
members of the network.
• Node: each device in the network
 Computer Network Types

• A computer network can be categorized by their

size. A computer network is mainly of four types:
PAN(Personal Area Network)
LAN(Local Area Network)
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN(Wide Area Network)
 PAN(Personal Area Network)

• Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an

individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.

• Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to

bring the idea of the Personal Area Network.

• Personal computer devices that are used to develop the

personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones,
media player and play stations.
 Types of Persona; Area Networl

• Wireless Personal Area

Network: Wireless Personal Area
Network is developed by simply
using wireless technologies such as
WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a low range
network.

• Wired Personal Area

Network: Wired Personal Area
Network is created by using the
USB.
 LAN(Local Area Network)

• Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to

each other in a small area such as building, office.

• LAN is used for connecting two or more personal

computers through a communication medium such as
twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.

• It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such

as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables.
 LAN(Local Area Network)

• The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in

Local Area Network.

• Local Area Network provides higher security.

 MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

• A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a

larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN
to form a larger network.

• Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens

and private industries.
 MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

• In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other

through a telephone exchange line.

• It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

 Uses Of MAN

• MAN is used in communication between the banks in a

city.
• It can be used in an Airline Reservation.
• It can be used in a college within a city.
• It can also be used for communication in the military.
 WAN(Wide Area Network)

• A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a

large geographical area such as states or countries.
• A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the
LAN.
 WAN(Wide Area Network)

• A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location,

but it spans over a large geographical area through a
telephone line, fibre optic cable or satellite links.
• The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
• A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of
Business, government, and education.
 Advantages Of Wide Area Network:

• Geographical area:
• Get updated files:
• Sharing of software and resources
• Global business:
• High bandwidth:
 Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:

• Security issue:
• Needs Firewall & antivirus software:
• High Setup cost:
• Troubleshooting problems:
The three broad classification of LAN

1. Peer-to-peer LAN/peer-based
LAN/workgroups LAN
2. Client-server LAN/
server-based/domain based LAN
3. Hybrid LAN
 Network Topology

• What is Physical topology?

The arrangement/geometric configuration of
computers, cables, and other components on a
network.