TEST CODE 02220020

FORM TP 2018208 MAY/JUNE 2018

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION®

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

AGRICULTURE, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

UNIT 2 – Paper 02

2 hours 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in THREE sections. Answer ALL

questions.

2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

3. Do NOT write in the margins.

4. You may use a silent, non-programmable, scientific calculator to answer

questions.

5. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do
so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided
at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your
original answer.

6. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number
clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where
relevant, include the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

02220020/CAPE 2018 ‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”

Sequential Bar Code
 -4-

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
MODULE 1

Answer BOTH questions.

1. (a) Define EACH of the terms ‘animal breeding’ and ‘genetic engineering’.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

(b) (i) Table 1 shows rice production in a country for the period 2000–2004. Use the grid on
page 5 to draw a line graph to represent the data in the table. [6 marks]

TABLE 1: SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION

Year Productivity of Rice

(Tonnes)
2000 5
2001 7
2002 12
2003 7
2004 4

(ii) Suggest ONE reason for the trend observed in Table 1.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

02220020/CAPE 2018
-5-

Sequential Bar Code

‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
 -6-

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(c) (i) Define the term ‘integrated pest management’.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) Describe TWO agriculture techniques other than integrated pest management and
outline ONE advantage that EACH technique provides to agriculture.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[6 marks]

Total 20 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 -7-
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 -8-

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
2. The graph in Figure 1 shows the sugar cane production and the sugar usage in the Caribbean for
the period 2005–2008.

Figure 1. Sugar cane production and sugar cane usage in the Caribbean 2005–2008

(a) (i) Calculate the minimum quantity of sugar cane used for ethanol production.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) What is the total sugar cane production for 2006?

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 -9-
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(iii) State THREE deductions from the graph in Figure 1.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 10 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(iv) Discuss TWO factors which may have been responsible for the decline in sugar
production seen in 2007.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[6 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 11 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(b) Suggest TWO ways in which the cultivation of sugar cane can lead to soil degradation.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 12 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(c) Discuss TWO roles of sugar cane cultivation in the Caribbean.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................
[6 marks]

Total 20 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 13 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

MODULE 2

Answer BOTH questions.

3. (a) (i) Suggest, with a reason, a suitable alternative method of energy generation for a
named Caribbean country.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the main components of a wind turbine used
to generate electricity.

[4 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 14 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(iii) Discuss THREE reasons why it is suitable to use wind power to generate electricity
in the Caribbean.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[9 marks]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 15 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(b) Figure 2 shows the speed of the wind experienced in a Caribbean country over a one-year
period. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow.

Figure 2. Wind speed experienced in a Caribbean country over a one-year period

Use the information in Figure 2 to calculate the average wind speed in the Caribbean
country in June, July and August.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[5 marks]

Total 20 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 16 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
4. A Caribbean country utilizes a total of 60 000 barrels of oil per day to meet its domestic
requirements. The country is a non-producer of oil and is forced to import the required quantities.
Table 2 illustrates how this oil is distributed among the country’s domestic sectors.

TABLE 2: OIL DISTRIBUTION

Sector Oil Used Per Day

Percentage (%) Number of Barrels
Transport 38
Bauxite and alumina 33
Electricity generation 21
Other 8

(a) (i) Calculate the number of barrels of oil per day which is used by EACH sector listed in
Table 2. Use this data to complete Table 2.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 17 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(ii) Use the data provided in Table 2 to construct a pie chart.

[4 marks]

(b) (i) List THREE limiting factors which may affect the supply and use of oil by this
Caribbean country.

................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 18 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(ii) Discuss TWO of the limiting factors identified in (b) (i).

................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
[8 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 19 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(c) Discuss how ‘lifestyle practices’ OR ‘cogeneration’ may be used to improve energy
efficiency and conservation in the Caribbean country.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

Total 20 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 20 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
MODULE 3

Answer BOTH questions.

5. (a) (i) Draw a diagram to illustrate the cross section of a modern landfill.

[5 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 21 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(ii) Outline THREE disadvantages of landfills.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[6 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 22 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(b) Discuss TWO alternative methods of waste disposal.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 23 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(c) Figure 3 illustrates the data collected from a yearlong experiment to monitor the
concentration of chloride in a stream. Each number on the x-axis refers to a month, for
example 1 = January, 3 = March. Use the data in Figure 3 to complete Table 3.

Figure 3. Concentration of chloride in a stream over one year

TABLE 3: CHLORIDE CONCENTRATIONS

Month Chloride Concentration (mg/L)

February
May
July
September
November

[5 marks]

Total 20 marks

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 24 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
6. Figure 4 is a flow diagram showing waste minimization methods that were proposed by a student
during a school science exhibition. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.

Figure 4. Waste minimization methods

(a) (i) Explain the method of waste minimization that is being demonstrated by
Process A in Figure 4.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 25 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(ii) Discuss TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of implementing the waste
minimization method demonstrated by Process A.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[8 marks]

GO ON THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 26 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
(b) A student noticed that the roads in her neighbourhood were being paved using incinerator ash.
She was concerned that the heavy metals in the ash might leach out during rain, and contaminate
water sources in the area. She carried out the following experiment. Experimental apparatus
was set up as seen in Figure 5 and 100 mL of distilled water was slowly poured over the solid
sample in each funnel. The filtrate was collected and the heavy metals analysed. The results
were recorded in Table 4.

Figure 5. Experimental apparatus

TABLE 4: RESULTS OF THE INCINERATOR ASH LEACHING EXPERIMENT

Concentration of Heavy Metal in Filtrate (mg/L)

Heavy Metal
Bottle A Bottle B
Cadmium 0.020 0.018
Chromium 3.650 3.600
Arsenic 0.001 0.001

(i) What is the hypothesis of this experiment?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 27 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

(ii) Why is Bottle B included in the experiment?

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(iii) What conclusion should be drawn from the results of this experiment? Justify your
answer.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

(c) List THREE heavy metal pollutants, other than arsenic, cadmium and chromium.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]

Total 20 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 28 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 29 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  

EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
 - 30 -

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA      DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  
EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

02220020/CAPE 2018
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code