MODEL PAPER

Thirty Plus 03
rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan
Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø
fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics
Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku /
Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;apkaø fN!;sl úoHd moku / Ruwan Sarathchandra Physics Foundation rejka ir;

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h" 2023

General Certificate of Education (Adv. Level) Examination, 2023

fN!;sl úoHdj II meh ;=khs

Physics II Three hours

wxlh:''''
MODEL PAPER 30+03

jeo.;a: mÍCIlf.a m%fhdackh

i`oyd muKs'
* fuu m%Yak m;%h msgq 8 lska hqla; fõ'
fojeks m;%h i`oyd
∗ fuu m%Yak m;%h 𝑨 iy 𝑩 hk fldgia
follska hqla; fõ' fldgia folg u kshñ; fldgi m%Yak wxl ,enQ ,l=Kq
ld,h meh ;=kls' 1
2
∗ .Kl hka;% Ndú;hg bv fokq fkd,efí' A 3
4
5
𝑨 fldgi - jHQy.; rpkd 6
^msgq 2 - 5& 7
B 8
ishÆ u m%YAkj,g ms<s;=re fuu m;%fha u
imhkak' Tfí ms<s;=re m%Yak m;%fha bv i,id 9(A)
we;s ;ekaj, ,súh hq;=h' fï bv m%udKh ms<s;=re 9(B)
,sùug m%udKj;a njo §¾> ms<s;=re n,dfmdfrd;a;= 10(A)
fkdjk njo i,lkak' 10(B)
tl;=j
𝑩 fldgi rpkd
^msgq 6 - 8& wjidk ,l=Kq
fuu fldgi m%Yak yhlska iukaú; fõ' ñka m%Yak b,lalfuka
y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak' fï i`oyd wl=ßka
imhkq ,nk lvodis mdúÉÑ lrkak' iïmQ¾K
m%Yak m;%hg kshñ; ld,h wjika jQ miq 𝑨 iy 𝑩 ixfla; wxl
fldgia tla ms<s;=re m;%hla jk fia" 𝑨 fldgi
Wäka ;sfnk mßÈ wuqKd" úNd. Yd,dêm;sg Ndr W;a;r m;% mÍCIl 1
fokak' W;a;r m;% mÍCIl 2
,l=Kq mÍCId lf<a
m%Yak m;%fha 𝑩 fldgi muKla úNd. Yd,dfjka wëCIKh
msg;g f.k hdug Tng wjir we;'
 A fldgi - jHQy.; rpkd
01 oS we;s øjHl >k;ajh kS¾Kh lsÍu i|yd mÍlaIKd.drfhaoS Ndú;d l< yels nr fh¥
;=kS ì;a;s iys; mÍlaId k,hla rEmfha fmkajd we;' lvodis ñ,sóg¾ mßudKhla
mÍlaId k,fha we;=¿ ì;a;sfha isriaj w,jd we;' m;=, je,s j,ska mqrjd we;s k,fha
b;sß fldgig 𝐴 tAldldr yrialv j¾.M,hla we;'
(a) k,fha je,s mqrjd we;s fldgfia mßudj 𝑉 jk w;r je,s;a iuÕ k,fha ialkaOh 𝑀
fõ' fuys § isÿ lrkq ,nkafka mÍlaIK k,h ;=,g ialkaOh okakd Ndrhka fhdoñka l
tla tka wjia:dfõ§ lvodis mßudKfha mdGdxl ,nd .ekSuhsialkaOh 𝑚 jQ w;sf¾l
Ndrhlaa k,h ;=<g oeuQ úg øj uÜgfïoS lvodis mßudKfha mdGdxlh 𝑙 fõ' øjfha
>k;ajh 𝜌 kï
(𝑖) Wvql=re f;rmqu ioyd m%ldYkhla ,shkak

(𝑖𝑖) 𝑙 iy 𝑚 w;r iïnkaO;dj olajk m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

(b) (i) 𝜌 kS¾Kh lsÍu i|yd m%ia;drhla weoSug Tn (𝑏) ys ,nd.;a m%ldYh kej; ilikak

(ii) m%ia;drfhka øjfha >k;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd ;j;a wjYH jk ñkqu l=ulao@

(iii) tu ñkqu ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ndú ;d lrk WmlrKh l=ulao

(iv) je,s oud wdrïNl nrla fhdod .ekSug we;s wjYH;djh l=ulao@

(v) fuu WmlrKh msßisÿ c,fha bmsf,k úg A u.ska igyka lr we;s ,l=Kq f;la .s,S mj;S' th idkaø ¨Kq ødjKhl
mdfjk úgoS B ,laIHh olajdo fmd,af;,a j, mdfjk úgoS C ,laIHh olajdo .s,S mj;S kï A, B iy C ,laIHhka
yS msysàu .ek l=ula lsj yels o@'

02. ñY%K l%u isoaOdka; mokï lr .ksñka c,h iys; le,rs ógrhla Ndú;d lr c,fha ú,hkfha úYsIaG .=ma; ;dmh ioyd
w.hla mrSlaIKd;aulj fiùug Tng kshñ;j we;
(a) (i) c,fha ú,hkfha úYsIaG .=ma; ;dmhg w¾: olajkak

(ii) tys tall ioyka lrkak

(b) mrSlaIKh ioyd Tng úYd, whsia leg, whsia len,s iy whsia l=vq ,nd oS we;
(i) fï ioyd wjYHh wfkl=;a WmlrK fudkjdo @

(ii) mrSlaIKh ioyd Tn fhdod .;af;a úYd, whsia lego @ len,so@ whsia l=vqo@

(iii) wfkla foj¾.h m%;slafIam lsrSug fya;=jla ne.ska fokak

(iv) mrSlaIKh ioyd whsia Ndú;d lrk úg ta ioyd Tn l, hq;= w;HdjYH l%shdj,sh l=ulao @

(v) th isÿfkdl,fyd;a tu.ska wjika m%;sM,hg úh yels n,mEu flfiao @

(c) (i) mrSlaIKh isÿ lsrSfïoS mrsirh iu. isÿjk ;dm yqjudrej Tn u.yrjd .kafka flfiao@

(ii) fufia ;dm yqjudrej u.yrjd .ekSfïoS tla m%Odk ÿIalr;djhlg uqyqK oSug Tng isÿúh yel th l=ulao @

(iii) Tn tu ÿIalr;djhg m;a jqjfyd;a th wjidk m%;sM,hg flfia n,mdhso@

(d) (i) mrSlaIKh isÿ lsrSfïoS Tn ,nd.kakd mdGdxl iqÿiq ixfla ; iys;j ioyka lrkak

(ii) tu mdGdxl weiqrska c,fha ú,hkfha úYsIaG .=ma; ;dmh (𝐿) ioyd m%ldYkhla ,shkak

(iii) mdGdxl .ekSfïoS jvd iQlaIuj ,nd.; hq;= mdGdxl fudkjdo @

(iv) tajd iQlaIuj ,nd fkd.ekSfuka wjidk m%;sM,hg flfia n,mdhso @ meyeos,s lrkak

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03' (𝑎) wjê fldaK l%ufhka ùÿre m%siauhl j¾:kdxlh fiùfï isÿ lsÍfï uQ,O¾uh olajkak.

(𝑏) wjê fldaK l%ufhka ùÿre m%siauhl j¾:kdxlh fiùfï mÍlaIKhg wjYH iqÿ lvodish
WmlrK j, ,ehsia;=jla fokak'
A

(𝑐) rEmfha olajd we;s mßos j¾;kdxlh fiúh hq;= m%siauh iqÿ lvodishla u;
;nd 𝐵𝐶 mDIaGh iu. iam¾Y jk mßÈ 𝑃 w,afmfk;a;la iú lr 𝐴𝐶
mDIaGfhka 𝐴 g wdikakfha isg ksÍlaIKh lrk ,oS' túg we,afmfk;af;a
m%;sìïnhla ±l.; yel miqj 𝐴 isg 𝐶 olajd wei f.k hdfïoS tla;rd
uÜgulska miq w,afmfk;af;a m%;sìïNh fmkS fkdfmkS hhs' fuhg fya;=j B P C
olajkak.

(𝑑) fuu mÍlaIKh isÿ lrkq ,nkafka w,afmk;af;a isg meñK 𝐴𝐵 u; wjê A
fldaKfhka m;s; ù mQ¾K wNHka;r mrdj¾;kh ù 𝐴𝐶 mDIaGfhka
ks¾.ukh jk lsrKh fidhd .ekSuhs' tu lsrKfha .uka u. fidhd .ekSu
ioyd fjk;a we,afmfk;a;s folla Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' tu we,afmf;a;s P1 P2
x x
fol 𝑃1 iy 𝑃2 kï 𝑃1 iy 𝑃2 Ndú;d lr th isÿ lrkafka flfiao@

(𝑒) tu lsrKh fidhd .;a miq ks¾udKhla u.ska wjê fldaKh fidhd tu.ska
j¾;kdxlh .Kkh lrkq ,efí' ta ioyd m%siauh ;=, wjê lsrKh ks¾udKh
lsÍfï l%uh wkqms<sg olajkak.
B C
(𝑓) fuf,i j¾;kdxlh fidhd .;a miq fuu m%siauh Ndú;fhka øjhl
j¾;kdxlh fiùug o by; l%uhu wkq.ukh l, yel tys § 𝐴𝐵 mDIaGh
u; c, ia:rhla idod .kq ,efí' tu c, ia:rh idod .ekSug rEmfha olajd
we;s mßÈ wkaùlaI lodjla Ndú;d l< yel'
P1 P2
(i) th isÿ lrk wdldrh fláfhka olajkak. x x

(ii) 𝑃1 iy 𝑃2 g idfmaCIj kj ks¾.; lsrKh 3 rEmfhys we`o th 𝑄1 𝑄2

f,i kï lrkak'

(𝑔) by; (𝑏) fldgfia§ iy (𝑐) fldgfia§ ks¾Kh lrk ,o wjê fldaK ms<sfj,ska 𝐶1 iy 𝐶2 fõ' c,fha j¾;k wxlh
i`oyd m%ldYkhla 𝐶1 iy 𝐶2 weiqfrka fidhkak'

(ℎ) fuu mÍCIKfha§ 𝑃 w,afmfk;a; 𝐵𝐶 uqyqK; iu`. iam¾Y jk fia ;eìh hq;=h' fuhg fya;=j i`oyka lrkak'

(𝑖) by; (𝑑) fldgfia§ ,nd.;a m%;sìïnh iy (𝑓) fldgfia§ ,nd.;a w,afmfk;af;a kj m%;sìïnh tlu ;ek msysghs
'thg fya;+j ioyka lrkak

04) fldaI foll úoahq;a .dul n, ixikaokh lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kakd úNjudk wegjqula rEmfha oelafõ'

A R

X
() G
Y
R0
(a) (i) fuu ld¾hh i|yd fjda,aÜógrhla fjkqjg úNjudkhla fhdod .ekSfï jdish l=ulao @

(ii) m%d:ñl mßm:h i|yd Ndú;d l< hq;= iaúph l=uk j¾.fhao@

(iii) R úp,H m%;sfrdaOfha we;s jdish l=ulao@

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(b) (i) úNjudkh i|yd 𝐴 fldaIhg mej;sh hq;= w;HdjYH .=Kh l=ulao@ tA i|yd iqÿiq fldaIh l=ulao @

(ii) úNjudk lïìh i|yd mej;sh hq;= ,laIK fudkjdo@

(iii) úNjudkhla l%udxlkh lsÍu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@ th isÿlrk wdldrh olajkak'

(c) (i) 𝑋 yd 𝑌 fldaI fol i|yd ix;=,k os. m%udK ms<sfj,ska 𝑙𝑥 yd 𝑙𝑦 kï iy úoahq;a .dul n, ms<sfj,ska 𝐸𝑥 yd 𝐸𝑦 kï
úNjudkfha wdka; fodaYhla fkdmj;skafka hhs i,ld tu rdYs w;r iïnkaO;d ,shkak'

𝐸𝑥
(ii) tkhska fidhkak'
𝐸𝑦

(iii) fuu mÍlaIKh i|yd úNjudkh m<uqj l%udxlkh l< hq;=o@ Tfí ms<s;=r meyeos,s lrkak'

(iv) 𝐸𝑥 yd 𝐸𝑦 j, w.hka 𝐴 fldaIfha ú'.d'n,hg oelaúh hq;= iïnkaOh l=ulao@

(d) 𝑋 fldaIh fjkqjg 𝑍 fldaIhla fhdod mÍlaIKh isÿ lsÍfïoS ix;=,k ,laIHhla fkd,eìKs'

(i) thg fya;=j l=ula úh yelso@

(ii) úNjudk mÍlaIKhloS ix;=,k ,laIHhla fkd,eîug bv we;s wfkla wjia:d fudkjdo@

(iii) úNjudk mÍlaIKhloS ix;=,k ,laIHhla ,nd .eksfua oS wkq.ukh l, hq;= kshu ls5hd udra.h l= ulA o @

4|Page
 B fldgi rpkd
05.(a) i. fldaKsl .uH;d ixiaÓ;s uQ,O¾uh m%ldY lrkak .
ii. fldaKsl .uH;d ixiaÓ;s uQ,O¾uh fhosh yels m%Odk wjia:d fol olajkak
iii ialkaOh 𝑚 jk jia;=jla 𝑣 m%fõ.fhka .uka lrk úg 𝑟 wE;ska msyá ,laIHhlg
idfmalaIj fldaKsl .uH;djh ioyd m%ldYkhla ,shkak. B
(b) ialkaOh 𝑀 yd 𝐿 os. jk iup;+ri%dldr yrialvla we;s taldldr 𝐴𝐵 oKavla 1rEmfha fmkajd
we;s mrsos >raIKfhk f;dr ;sria mDIaGhla u; ;nd we; oKafâ .+re;aj flakaøh (𝐺) yryd
hk mDIaGhg ,ïN wlaIhla jgd tys wjia:a;s >Q¾Kh 𝐼 fõneuqulska f;drj oKavg ,ïnj
mDIaGh Èf.a 𝑉 m%fõ.hlska .uka lrk ialkaOh 𝑚 jk fnda,hla oKafâ .efghs fnda,h .eàu
ksid oKafâ we;s jk p,s;h oKafâ .+re;aj flakaøfha f¾Çh p,s;h iy tys .+re;aj flakaøh .
jgd oKafâ N%uKh weiqfrka yeoEßh yelsh oKav fkdfmrf<kafka hehs i,lkak .egqfuka L
miq fnda,h ksYap,;djhg m;ajk w;r .egqu m%;Hia: fõ r
(i) .egqug fmr fnd,fha f¾Åh .uH;djh ioyd m%ldYkhla ,shkak G
(ii) okafâ isÿjk f¾Çh j,s;h mukla i,ld okafâ m%fõ.h 𝑉0 ioyd m%ldYkhla ,shkak V
(iii) oeka okafâ .+re;aj flakaøh jgd tys N%uk p,s;h i,lkak fnda,h .+re;aj flakaøfha
isg 𝑟 ÿrlska .efghs kï .egqug fmr okafâ .+re;aj flakaøh jgd fnda,fha fldaKsl
.uH;djhioyd m%ldYkhla ,shd olajkak A
(iv) .+re;aj flakaøh jgd oKafâ N%uK p,s;h muKla i,ld .egqfuka miq .+re;aj flakaøh jgd oKafâ fldaKsl m%fõ.h
1
𝜔 ioyd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak oKafâ .+re;aj flakaøh jgd tys wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh 𝐼, 𝐼 = 𝑀𝐿2 u.ska fokq ,efí'
12
(v) Yla;s ixiaÓ;s uQ,O¾uh Ndú;fhka 𝑚, 𝑉, 𝑉0 iy 𝜔 w;r iïnlaO;djhla ,nd .kak '
1
𝐿 𝑀−𝑚 2
(vi) by; iïnkaO;d ie,lSfuka 𝑟 = ( ) nj fmkajkak
2√3 𝑚

06. äâcßfvda (didgeridoo) hkq wdos ´iafÜ%,shdkqjka úiska Ndú; lrk ,o iq<x WmlrKhls' th fomiu újD; WK fyda
bHqla,smagia w;= u.ska idok ,o 1.5m la muK os.e;s l=yr k,hls'
a) my; oelafjkafka 1.5m l taldldr os.la we;s by; WmlrKfha ieleiauls' my; rEmfha we;s mhsmamhg msôk
úg we;s jk uQ,sl ia:djr ;rx.fha o< igykla we| olajkak' ´kEu ksIAmkaokhla (N) ,l=Kq lrkak'

b) fuu ia:djr ;rx.h wkajdhduo@ ;S¾hlao@ hkak ;SrKh lrkak'

c) fuu ;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh .Kkh lrkak'
äâcßfvda WmlrKhg fjk;a iqisr jdoH NdKav j,g fuka h;=re fyda lmdg ke;' kuq;a wêl fõ.fhka msöfï§ Wmß;dk
fyda m%ixjdo we;s úh yel'
d) m<uq Wmß;dkh ^fojk m%ixjdoh& wefik úg ia:djr ;rx.h we| olajkak'
e) jd;fha§ èjks fõ.h 335ms −1 f,i § we;s kï" 1.5m la os. äâcßfvdafjka we;s jk m<uq Wmß;dkfha ^fojk
m%ixjdoh& ixLHd;h .Kkh lrkak' fojk äâcßfvdaj kdo l< úg wefik uQ,sl iajrh 106Hz úh' m<uq
WmlrKfha uQ,sl ixLHd;h 110Hz fõ'
f) fuu WmlrK foflka os.u WmlrKh l=ulao@ meyeos,s lrkak'
g) m<uq yd fojk hk WmlrK folu tlúg" tlu yfå ier we;sj kdo lf<a kï" weish yels yfå ier úia;r
lrkak' ^ms,s;=r iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd ixLHd;aul w.hla fokak'&
m<uq WmlrKh uQ,sl ixLHd;h 110Hz jk f,i kdo lrñka ñksfila fm,md,shl .uka lrk g%la r:hl
hhs' fuu g%la r:h 5.0ms −1 l fõ.hlska kj;d we;s ixpdrl r:hla miq lrñka .uka lrhs' fuys isák
ixpdrlfhl= úiska g%la r:h ;ud miq lsÍug fmr yd miq lsÍfuka miq Tyqg wefik iajr fjki igyka lr
.kS'
h) fuu iajrhkaf.a l=uk ,laIK fjkia fõo@ ta l=uk whqßkao@
i) äâcßfvdafjka ke.=K iajrfha oDYH ixLHd;h (f ′ ) g%la r:h <.d jk úg f ′ = VF/V′ u.ska fokq ,efí' V, V′
j,ska fokq ,nkafka fudkjdoehs i|yka lrkak'

(07) È. 𝑙 = 10𝑐𝑚 jQ o" wNHka;r wrh 𝑟 = 0.8𝑚𝑚 jQ o isria isyska ùÿre k<hl
my< fl<jfrys wrh 𝑅 = 2.5𝑚𝑚 jQ inka ødjKfhkau iE§" È. 4.0𝑚𝑚 jQ
l=vd l`ola u`.ska iu;=,s;;dfõ ;nd f.k we;' 4 mm
(i) inka ødjKfhys mDIaÀl wd;;sh 𝑇 .Kkh lrkak' inka ødjKfhys l =10 cm
>k;ajh 1050kgm-3 njo" ùÿre yd inka ødjKh w;r iam¾Y fldaKh Y=kH
njo Wml,amkh lrkak'
(ii) (a) oeka inka nqnq< lvd k<h ;=<g inka ødjKh ;j;a we;=`: lsÍfuka
øj lf`oys Wi l%ufhka jeä lrkq ,enqfõ kï" my< øj udmlh iu;,
jk úg øj lf`oys Wi .Kkh lrkak'
(b) k<h ;=< mj;ajd .; yels øj lf`oys Wmßu Wi fldmuKo@

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 (iii) øj l`ola u`.ska jd;h isr fkdlr" by; úia;r lrk ,o mgq k<fha my<
fl<jfrys" wrh R jQ inka nqnq<la iE¥ úg k<fha by< fl<jßka jd;h
msgù hk w;r nqnqf<a wrh R ld,h t iu`.
−𝑇𝑟 4
𝑅4 = 𝑡+𝐴 iQ;%hg wkql+,j wvqfõ' fuys A hkq ksh;hla jk w;r η hkq jd;fha ÿiai%dú;dj fõ'
2 𝑙

tla;rd YsIHfhla fjkia wjia:dj,§ nqnqf<a wrh uekSu u`.ska jd;fhys ÿiai%dú;dj fiùug ;SrKh lrhs' inka
nqnqf<ys wrh fl<skau uek .; fkdyels ksid YsIHhd W;a;, ldphla fhdod .ksñka inka nqnqf<ys ;d;aúl
m%;sìïnhla lv;srhla u; ,nd .kshs'

Tyqf.a ksÍCIKh my; oelafõ'

ld,h (s) m%;sìïnfha úIalïnh
ldph yd inka nqnq, w;r ÿr = 15.0cm
0 51.0mm
ldph yd lv;srh w;r ÿr = 27.0cm
30 36.5mm
(a) t = o oS yd t = 30s oS inka nqnqf<ys wrhhka wdikak
mm hg fidhkak'
(b) by; (i) ys oS T i`oyd ,nd.;a w.h fhdod .ksñka jd;fha ÿiai%dú;dj i`oyd w.hhka fidhkak'

08' (a) ialkaOh m iy wdfrdayKh +q jk v m%fõ.hlska .uka .kakd fm%dafgdakhla i%dj >k;ajh B jQ tAldldr pqïnl
lafIa;%hlg ,ïnlj we;=¿ fõ'
(i) pqïnl lafIa;%h fya;=fjka fm%dafgdakh u; we;sjk F n,fha úYd,;ajh i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(ii) by; n,h ksid fm%dafgdakh jD;a;dldr ud¾.hl .uka lrhs' ud¾.fhys wrh r i|yd m%ldYkhla jHq;amkak
lrkak'
(iii) fm%dafgdakh tla jghla iïmQ¾K lsÍug .;jk ld,h T i|yd m%ldYkhla m, q iy B weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
(iv) m = 1.6 x 10-27kg, q=1.6 x 10-19C, v = 9.6 x 105m s -1 iy B = 3.0 x 10-5
T f,i i,lkak' ^𝜋 = 3 f,i .kak&
(I) fm%dafgdakh .uka lkr jD;a;dlr m:fha wrh (r) ks¾Kh
lrkak'
(II) fm%dafgdakh ;;amrhlg .uka lrk jg .Kk lSho@
(b) ±ka ;j;a fm%dafgdakhla tu v m%fõ.fhka u ^1& rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ
pqïnl lafIa;%fha ÈYdj iuÕ 𝜃 fldaKhla idok whqßka we;=¿ fõ'
(i) fm%dafgdakfha m:fha yevh kï lrkak' lafIa;%hg idfmalaIj
fm%dafgdakfha m%fõ.fha iudka;r iy ,ïnl ixrpl Ndú; lrñka
Tn ms<s;=rg t<eô wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(ii) by; (a) (iv) ys w.hka Ndú; lrñka fm%dafgdakhg tla T wdj¾;
ld,hla iïmQ¾K lsÍug wjYH lrk ld,h .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) fm%dafgdakh tu T wdj¾; ld,h ;=<§ pqïnl lafIa;%hlg iudka;rj p ÿrla .uka lrhs' tu ld,h ;=<§ fm%dafgdakh
.uka lrk ÿr p i|yd m%ldYkhla v, 𝜃 iy T weiqfrka ,shd olajkak'
(iv) 𝜃 = 300 kï p ys w.h .Kkh lrkak' ^√3 = f,i .kak&
(v) pqïnl lafIa;%fha ÈYdj Tiafia fm%dafgdakh 16320 km ÿrla .uka lf<a kï" fuu ÿr .uka lsÍug .;jk ld,h
fldmuKo@
(c) Odrd f.k hk oÕr folla Ndú; lsÍfuka ^2& rEmfha
±lafjk mßÈ tAldldr fkdjk pqïnl lafIa;%hla idÞ .;
yel' fuu j¾.fha pqïnl lafIa;% zzpqïnl fnda;,hla
(magnetic bottle) ZZ idok w;r th wdfrdams; wxY= r|jd ;nd
.ekSug bv i,ik ieleiauls' Ok wdfrdams; wxY=jla .uka
lrk m:h tu rEmfhau ±lafõ'
(i) p ia:dkfha§ wxY=fõ m:fha wrh Q ia:dkfha§ wrhg jvd
l=vd jkafka wehs ±hs meydÈ,s lrkak'
(ii) p,Q iy R hk ,laIHj,g wkqrEm v yd B ys ÈYdjka ^2&
rEmfhka Tnf.a ms<s;=re m;%hg msgm;a lr wdfrdams;
wxY=j u; tla tla ,laIHfhaÈ we;sjk pqïnl n,fha
ÈYdj B;, Ndú;fhka we| fmkajkak'
(iii) wdfrdams; wxY=j pïnl fnda;,fha fofl<jr w;r tyd
fuyd foda,kh úh yels nj fya;= olajñka ikd:
lrkak'

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09(a) (𝑖) úoahq;a pqïNl fm%arKh hkq l=ula o@
(𝑖𝑖) fm%aß; úoahq;a .dul n,fha "úYd,;ajh yd osYdj iïnkaOj úoahq;a pqïNl fm%arK kshu m%ldY lrkak'
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ixjD; ikakdhlhl weñSks we;s pqïNl i%djh úp,kh jsh yels l%u olajkak
(𝑖𝑣) ixjD; ikakdhlhl weñSks we;s pqïNl i%djh úsp,kh jkafka pqïNl lafIa;%h ;=, okavla p,kh jsSfuka kï
fm%aß; úoahq;a .dul n,h fidhk wdldrh olajkak 𝑃 𝑅

(b) fkd.sKsh yels m%;sfrdaOhlska hq;a iqug iudka;r mS,s folla

iuÕ iam¾Yj isák fia tl tflys os. 𝐿 iy m%;sfrdaOh 𝑟 jQ 𝑃𝑄 𝐵 𝑙 𝐵

iy 𝑅𝑆 ikakdhl lïì folla ;nd we;' i%dj >k;ajh 𝐵 jQ

tAldldr pqïNl lafIa;%hlg ,ïNj lïì ;,h msysgd we;af;a
𝑄 𝑅
rEmfha fmkk mßosh' 𝑃𝑄 lïìh 𝑉 tAldldr m%fõ.hlska jug
p,kh lrkq ,efí'
(c) (i) 𝑃𝑄 ys fm%aß; Odrdfõ osYdj rEmfhys ,l=Kq lrkak'fm%aß; Odrdj i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak
(ii) 𝑃𝑄 ys fm%aß; Odrdj ksid 𝑃𝑄 u; pqïNl lafIa;%fhka we;sjk n,h ioyd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak
(iii) tu n,fha ÈYdj l=ulao@ fuu n,h ksid tys p,s;hg l=ula isÿfõo@
(iv) lïìfha p,s;h 𝑉 m%fõ.fhka mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH cjh oS we;s ixfla; weiqßka fokak '
(d) (i) 𝑅𝑆 lïìho ta yd iudk 𝑉 m%fõ.hlskau jug p,kh fõkï 𝑃𝑄𝑆𝑅 mqvqfõ fm%aß; Odrdj l=ulao@Tnf.a ms<s;=r
meyeos,s lrkak'
(ii) lïì foflysu p,s;h 𝑉 m%fõ.fhka mj;ajd .ekSug wjYH wu;r cjh fldmuKo@
(e) (i) oeka by; oelajQ wdldrfha 𝑃𝑄 ys p,s;hg wu;rj 𝑅𝑆 tAldldr 𝑉 m%fõ.fhka ol=Kg p,kh l<fyd;A 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 mqvqfõ
fm%aß; Odrdj l=ulao@
(ii) lïìj, p,s;h mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH iïmQ¾K hdka;%sl laIu;dj i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(iii) wjidk jYfhka fuu laIu;dj moaO;sfha cks; jkafka l=uk whqrlskao hehs olajkak'

10(A) flDgig fydA (B) flDgig MUkÄ Ú<S;=RE IMHKAK

(A) A mßËK k<hla yd B mgq k<hla 00C ys c,h mqrjd we;s Ndckhlg iúlr we;.
Ndckfha ì;a;s taldldr >klulska hq;a ÿ¾j, ikakdhl øjHhlsla idod we;' C C
hkq tu øjHfhkau idod we;s mßËK k<fha mshk fõ' 00C mj;sk B;¾ 10-2Kg B
m%udKhla mßËK k<h ;=<g oud th ;=<ska jd;h nqnq,kh lsÍu uÕska blaukska
jdIAm ù hdug i,iajk ,oS'
(i) B;¾ jdIAmSNjkh ùu;a iuÕu mÍËK k<fha msg; mDIAGh u; l=uk
fjkila oelsh yelso?
A
(ii) B k<fha yrialv fËa;%M,h 10-5m2kï B;¾ jdIAmSNjkh ùu ksid B ys c, 00C
uÜgfï isÿ jk fjki .Kkh lrkak'
00C ys oS c,fha >k;ajh = 1000 Kgm-3
00C ys oS whsia >k;ajh = 900 Kgm-3
00C ys oS B;¾ j, jdIAmSNjkfha úYsIAG .=ma; ;dmh = 3.84  105 JKg-1
00C ys oS whsia ys ú,hkfha úYsIAG .=ma; ;dmh = 3.36  105 JKg-1
(iii) B;¾ jdIAmSNjkh ùu wjidk ùfuka miq WmlrK ldur WIAK;ajh 300C jq ldurhla ;=< ;sîug bvyeßh úg B
ys c, uÜgu ;;amrhg 1mm iS>%;djfhka fiñka fjkia ùug mgka .kS. Ndckfha ì;a;sfha >klu 2x 10-2 m
o tys iM, j¾.M,h 0.4m2 kï ì;a;sh idod we;s øjHfha ;dm ikakdhl;djh .Kkh lrkak' c,fha WIAK;ajh
00C w.fha mj;skafka hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'

(B) (a) úlsrKh yÿkajkak

(b) lDIaK jia;=kag wdfõksl .=Kdx. olajkak
(c) iQ¾hhd lDIaK jia;=jlg wdikakj yeisfrk jia;=jla f,i ie,lSug fya;= olajkak ' iQ¾hhd f.ka úfudapkh jk úoaH;
q a
pqïNl úlsrK wh;a jk úoaH;q a pqïNl j¾Kdj,sfha m%Odk fmfoia ;=k fudkjdo@
(d) úlsrKfha ;Sj%;djh w¾: olajkak
(e) iafg*dka kshuh (iafg*dka fnda,aÜiaudka akshuh) olajkak
(f) jia;=jl mDIaÁh wjfYdal;djh iy mDIaÁh úfudal;djh w¾: olajkak
(g) f.da,dldr lDIaK jia;=jl wrh 𝑅 fõ th 𝑇(𝑘) WIaK;ajfhaoS 𝑇(𝐾)
úfudapkh lrk úlsrKfha ;Sj%;djh l=ulao@ tkhska tu jia;=fõ 𝑅
laIu;djh ioyd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak iafg*dka ksh;h 𝜎 f,i
𝑟
i,lkak lDIaK jia;=j
(h) tu f.da,dldr lDIaK jia;=j iu. tal flakaøSh jk wrh 𝑟 jk
f.da,dldr mDIaGhl laIu;djh ioyd m%ldYkhla ola jkak ' tkhska

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 f.da,dldr lDIaK jia;=fõ flakaøSh isg 𝑟 we;ska msysá ,laIHl
úlsrKfha ;Sj%;djh ioyd m%ldYkhla ,nd .kak'
(𝑖) (i) iQ¾hhd mßmQ¾K lDIaK jia;=jla f,i yeisf¾' iQ¾hhdf.a isg mDÓú mDIaGhg ÿr 1.5 × 108 𝑘𝑚fõ' mDÓúh u;g
iQ¾hhdf.ka ,efnk iQ¾h úlsrK i%djfha ;Sj%;dj 1000𝑊𝑚−2 fõ kï iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh fidhkak'
iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh yd ieiÿ úg mDÒúfha WIaK;jh fkdi,ld yßkak' iQ¾hhdf.a uOHkH wrh 7.0 ×
105 𝑘𝑚fõ' iafgmdka -fnd,aÜiaudka ksh;h 5.67 × 10−8 𝑊𝑚−2 𝐾 −4 fõ'
(ii) tkhska by; WIaK;ajfha § iQ¾hhdf.a úlsrKfha Wmßu úfudapl;dfõ ;rx. wdhduh .Kkh lrkak' úkaf.a
úia:dmk ksh;h 2.9 × 10−3 𝑚𝐾fõ'
(iii) mDÓúh jgd llaI.; jq pkaøsldjla iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha jvd ksjrÈ WIaK;ajh 5800𝐾 f,i fidhd .kq ,efí'
Tnf.a ms<s;=r fuu w.fhka wm.ukh ùu ioyd fya;=j fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(𝑗) iQ¾h ,m hkq iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha jq wl%uj;a yevfhka hqla; l=vd wÿre m%foaY fõ'iQ¾h ,mhl wÿre jq flakaøh
wïn%djla f,i hkqfjka yeÈkafjk w;r th iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha iQ¾h ,m rys; iudk j¾.M,hla yd iiok úg 30%
l úlsrK ksl=;a lrhs'
(i) iQ¾hhd mßmQ¾K lDIaK jia;=jla f,i yeisf¾ hehs Wml,amkh lr iQ¾h ,mhl wïn%dfõ WIaK;ajh .Kkh
lrkak'
(ii) iQ¾hhdf.a idudkH mDIaGfaha Wmßu úfudapl;dfõ ;rx. wdhduhg idfmalaIj wïn%djl Wmßu úfudapl;dfõ
;rx. wdhdufha úia:dmkh .Kkh lrkak'
(𝑘) iQ¾hhdf.a mDIaGfha tall j¾.M,hl we;s iQ¾h ,m ixLHdj ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeäfõ kï, Tn iQ¾hhdf.a fmkqfï
ljr wdldrfha fjkia ùï ksÍlaIKh lsÍug wfmalaId lrkafka o @lDIaK jia;= úlsrKfha j¾Kdj,sh wdOdrfhka
Tfí ms<s;=r meyeÈ,s lrkak'

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