English

Study Booklet
Parts of Speech
Noun- a person, place, or thing.
Simon travelled to Australia with only a life vest.

Verb- an action, or ‘doing word’.

Cameron’s mum organized the school event.

Adjective- a word used to describe a noun.

Mia knocked down the red skittle and the yellow skittle.

Adverb- a word used to describe a verb.

Barbara quickly rushed past Humphrey.

Pronoun- a word that replaces a noun.

Tanya and her sister ate breakfast at seven in the morning.

Preposition- a word that links a noun to another word.

The noise was coming from the attic.

Conjunction- a word that connects two clauses or sentences.

Leo couldn’t focus because Ross was talking behind him.

Interjection- a word that expresses a strong feeling.

Hi ! I’m Ella!
Figures of Speech
Simile- a comparison between two things
using ‘like or ‘as’.
John was as cheeky as a monkey.

Metaphor- a comparison between two things

without using ‘like or ‘as’.
Matthew’s eyes were emeralds.

Alliteration- repeated consonant sounds at the start

of words.
Shy Selina sat down after her speech.

Onomatopoeia- a word imitating a sound.

Crash ! Robert bumped into Darcy.

Sibilance- a hissing-like sound between syllables,

when two ‘s’ are next to each other.

Both Brett and Precious spotted the sparrow.

Oxymoron- two opposite words next to each other.

“You’re just a big baby!” Kayla screamed.

Hyperbole- an extreme exaggeration.

“I’ve told you this a million times, why do I have to ask you again?” Miss Longwood cried.
Sentence Types
Simple- contains one independent clause.
Rhonda read a book.

Compound- two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

Rhonda read a book because she was bored.

Complex- an independent clause and one or more dependent

clauses.
Rhonda read a book, acting more and more bored as she went along.

Voice Types
Active- the action is done by the doer.
I gave her a bouquet of flowers.

Passive- the action is done by the receiver.

She gave me a bouquet of flowers.

It’s vs. Its

It’s- is used when you mean ‘it is’ or ‘it has’.
Its- is used to show possession.

Clause Types
Independent- can stand alone as a sentence.
Corsica is an island in France, with a population of 340,000.

Dependent- cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Corsica is an island in France, with a population of 340,000.

F.A.N.B.O.Y.S
F- For.
A- And.
N- Nor.
B- But.
O- Or.
Y- Yet.
S- So.

There, They’re, Their

There- a place.

They’re- they are.

Their- has a face.

Ways to say ‘said'

advised declared questioned
agreed exclaimed quieted
announced hushed replied
answered inquired shouted
asked mumbled shrieked
blurted muttered whispered
cried noted yelled

Persons
First- I, me, mine, myself, us, ours, we.

Second- you, yours, yourself.

Third- her, him, them, she, he, his, hers, theirs, it, its.

Moods
Imperative- giving a command.

Indicative- stating a fact or asking a question.

 Subjunctive- expressing a wish or desire.
Answering Cambridge
Questions in an Exam
Analyse- examine in detail to show meaning, and identify elements
and the relationship between them.
Assess- make an informed judgement.
Calculate- work out from given facts, figures or information.
Comment- give an informed opinion.

Compare- identify/comment on similarities and/or differences.

Consider- review and respond to given information.

Contrast- identify/comment on differences.

Define- give a precise meaning.

Describe- state the points of a topic / give characteristics and main features.
Develop- take forward to a more advanced stage or build upon given
information.
Discuss- write about issues or topics in depth in a structured way.
Evaluate- judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of
something.
Explain- set out purposes or reasons / make the relationships between things clear /
say why and/or how and support with relevant evidence.
Give- produce an answer from a given source or recall/memory.

Identify- name/select/recognise.

Justify- support a case with evidence/argument.

Outline- set out the main points.

Predict- suggest what may happen based on available information.

Sketch- make a simple freehand drawing showing the key features,

taking care over proportions.
State- express in clear terms.
apply knowledge and understanding to situations where there are a
Suggest- range of valid responses to make proposals/put forward considerations.
Summarise- choose and present the main points, without detail.