NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE

SENIOR HIGH 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Higher 2

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9649/01

Paper 1 25 August 2021

3 hours

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet

List of Formulae (MF26)

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1 Let p  n   a 3n  62 n  8n  4 , where a and n are positive integers. Show that if a 3  1 is

divisible by 7, then p  n  1  p  n  is divisible by 7. [2]
Hence prove by mathematical induction that q  n   43n  62 n  8n  4 is divisible by 7 for all
positive integers n. [4]

2 The equidistance curve between two curves C1 and C2 is the locus of points M located on a
normal to C1 at point M1 and on a normal to C2 at point M 2 such that MM1  MM 2 .
(i) If C1 is the circle with centre at the origin and fixed radius r and variable curve C2 has
equation x  a, a  0 where a  r , show that the equidistance curves, E1 and E2 ,
between C1 and C2 , are parabolas. [3]
The equations of the directrices of E1 and E2 are x  1 and x   2 .
(ii) Find 1 and  2 in terms of r and a. [2]
(iii) By expressing the equations of E1 and E2 in terms of x, 1 and/or  2 , show that E1 and
E2 do not intersect. [3]

3 (a) The centre of mass of a flat bounded area can found by integration. Consider a flat
bounded region that has boundaries x  0 , y  0 and the curve y  f ( x)   xe0.5 x  2 .
The formula for finding x , the x-coordinate of the centre of mass is
1 b
x   xf ( x) dx,
A 0
where A is the area of the flat bounded region and b  0 is the x-coordinate of the point
of intersection of y  f ( x) with the x-axis.
Given that A  1.32146 , use Simpson’s rule with 4 strips to estimate the value of x
correct to 3 decimal places. [3]

dy 1 2 d2 y
(b) Given that  x y , by expressing in terms of x and y, use Euler’s method with
dx 2 dx 2
d2 y
four steps to estimate the value of when x  1 , given that y  0.5 when x  0 .
dx 2
[4]
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4 A species of parasite wasps lay their eggs on caterpillars in the rainforest. A study estimates that
the average number of eggs that are laid on a caterpillar is 80 and that there are 100 such
caterpillars at any time in the rainforest. The number of eggs in the rainforest, N, at time t months,
can be modelled by the differential equation
dN KN 
 kN  ,
dt  K 
where k and K are positive constants.

(i) Explain the significance of K and state its value. [2]

(ii) Write down the equilibrium solutions. [1]
(iii) Comment on the long-term prospects of the number of eggs in the rainforest for various
values of the initial number of eggs N 0 . [2]
A scientist suggested a modification to the model. His new differential equation is
dN  K  N   N  k1 
 kN   ,
dt  K  N 
where 0  k1  K .
dN
(iv) Given that has a maximum value at N  q , sketch the solution curve when
dt
k1  N 0  q . [3]

5 The matrix M is given by

 0 2 2 
 
M   1 1 1  .
 2 4 0 
 
The matrix M represents a transformation T : 3
 3
. Find a basis for the null space of T.
[2]
Hence explain why one of the eigenvalues of M is zero and state a corresponding eigenvector.
[2]
1  2
   
You are given that the other eigenvectors of M are  0  and  1  . Explain why these two
 1 0
   
eigenvectors form a basis for the range space of T. [2]
 p
n 
Hence express M  q  in the form
r
 
 1   2
   
s 0   t 1 ,
 1  0 
   
where s and t are in terms of p, q, r and the positive integer n. [4]

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6 (a) A curve C is defined parametrically by

2 e 2t  e 2t
x  2t 2t and y  2t 2t ,
e e e e
for 0  t  n , where n is a positive integer. The area of the surface generated when C is
rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis is denoted by S. Show that
n e 2t  e 2t
S  8π  dt . Hence find S in terms of n. [5]
e  e 2t 
0 2t 2

(b) y
O
x

The picture shows the outline of an atrium roof. Coordinates axes have been superimposed
onto this outline for ease of reference. The shape of the atrium roof is a section of a
hyperboloid, which is created when a hyperbola is rotated about one of its axes of
symmetry, in this case the y-axis.
The defining curve for the outline of the atrium roof is the hyperbola G which contains
 
the maximum point at the origin, and point Q 11, 6  6 2 as shown on the picture. The
second axis of symmetry of G is y  6 . All distances are in metres.
(i) Determine a cartesian equation for G. [3]
(ii) Using the Shell method, find the volume contained by the atrium roof, giving your
answer in cube metres to the nearest integer. You do not need to consider the
thickness of the atrium roof. [3]

7 (i) Express cos 5 as a polynomial in cos  . [4]

2π
(ii) Write down the solutions of the equation cos 5  1 , for 0    2π . Deduce that cos
5
is one root of the equation 16 x  16 x  4 x  4 x  1  0.
4 3 2
[4]
(iii) By expressing 16 x 4  16 x3  4 x 2  4 x  1  0 in the form  ax 2  bx  c   0 or otherwise,
2

2π
obtain the exact value of cos . [4]
5
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8 (a) An approximation to the value I of a definite integral obtained by using the trapezium rule
with n strips of equal width is denoted by T  n  . It is given that
a b
I  T ( n)   ,
n2 n4
where a and b are real constants.
Prove that
m 2T  m   n 2T  n  b
I  2 2, 1 [3]
m n
2 2
mn

where m, n  and m  n .

 
In the case when I   sin x 2 dx , find the values of T  4  and T  6  correct to 5
1

decimal places. Assuming b is negligible, use the formula in (1) to obtain an improved
approximation for I. Justify why the approximation obtained is an improved one of I.
[4]

(b) Show that the equation x  tan 1 x  10 has exactly one root  in the interval 8,9 . [1]
Find the value of  using the formula xn1  10  tan 1 xn with x0  9 , giving your
answer correct to 3 decimal places. [3]

9 An investor wants to invest an initial amount of $15 000 at the start of January 2021. There are
two portfolios A and B for the investor to choose.
(a) Let un denotes the amount (in thousand dollars) of money in the portfolio at the start of
month n, starting from January 2021. In the middle of each month, Portfolio A yields an
interest of 2.1% of the amount in the portfolio at the start of the month. It also allows the
investor to withdraw up to and including $a (in thousand dollars) at the end of each month.
Suppose the investor invests in Portfolio A and withdraws the maximum amount allowed
every month.
(i) Write down a recurrence relation for un . [1]
(ii) By solving un in terms of n, find the maximum amount to the nearest dollar that the
investor can withdraw such that the amount of money in the portfolio is at least
twice the initial investment amount at 10 years. [5]

Question 9 is continued on next page.

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(b) For Portfolio B, let vn denote the amount (in thousand dollars) of money in the portfolio
at the start of month n, starting from January 2021. Suppose vn satisfies the following
recurrence relation

vn 2  Avn1  0.0002vn , n  ,
where A and B are constants.
(i) The amount of money (to the nearest dollar) in the portfolio at the start of the first
three months are shown in the table below.
Start of Month Amount of Money
January 2021 15 000
February 2021 15 375
March 2021 15 762
Find the value of A and state its significance. [2]
(ii) Find vn in term of n. [4]

10 A drugs supplier maintains a certain inventory level of the drug Panalox so that it is able to
meet any sudden and unexpected demand from its customers. It has a fixed an optimum level
H 0 (in thousands) for its holding of unsold Panalox pills.
The price in dollars of one thousand Panalox pills at time t, denoted by P(t ) , is changed in
proportion to the difference between the inventory level at time t, H (t ) (in thousands), and the
optimum level H 0 . This can be represented by the differential equation
dP
   H (t )  H 0  ,
dt
where  is a positive constant.
(i) Explain how the price of Panalox pills is affected by the quantity H (t )  H 0 and how it
may help to manage the inventory level. [2]

The change in inventory level H (t ) is equal to the difference between the number of pills
produced and the number of pills sold. The amount of sales and production level of pills (in
thousands) at time t, denoted by S (t ) and Q(t ) respectively, is related to P(t ) by the following
equations:
dP
S  600  62 P  12 and Q  250  12 P .
dt
d2 P dP
(ii) Show that  12  50 P  350 . [3]
dt dt
25
(iii) Find the general solution of the differential equation in (ii) when   . How will the
18
price of Panalox change in the long run? [6]
(iv) The drugs supplier hopes that the price of Panalox can be stable in the long run. By finding
the other possible general solutions to the differential equation in (ii), discuss if the drugs
supplier’s hope is realistic. [4]
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