;~

5.25
3.50

Advanced C alculu
(3)-2#

Line Integral

86
 Parameterization o(Curves ut';'" i,J!(5fo0y.!1 ~I

. t ~J ~.) 4..lb.)} (x,y,z) ~ 4J1J.ufi (.).4 ~I J.,~ y\ •

• Transfonning curve from a function of (x ,y , z) to a ftmction of single variable t .

---) Let x = t :::} Y t + 2 ---) Let x : : : t :::} y::::: 2 ---) Let y t:::} x::::: 4

I~ = (t,t+2)1 Ir(t) : : : (4,t)1

ILine Segment joining (2,7), (3,5)1

r (2,7)+t(I,-2)::::: 1(2+t,7-2t);OS;t::;11

ILine Segmentjoil1ing (1,8,4), (2,0,6)1

r (1,8,4)+((1,-8,2)::::: 1(I+t,8-8t,4+21); OS;t::;11

Curves ,. ::t(..;.,. i.J/

---) Let x =t :::} y::::: t 2 - 7 Let y ::::: t :::} x::::: t 3 - 11

Circle and Ellipse ~W/ c#1'J ;;y/..Jl/

Let x rcos(t):::} y rSin(t) 0::;t<211: Let x=acos(t) :::} y:::::bsin(t) 0S;1<211:

I~::::: (rcos(t),rsin(t)) 0::; t <211:1 I~ = (acos(t),bsin(t)) O::;t < 211:1

 Line Integral ~ ~lS:iJ1

If
c
(x ,y ,z )ds

2D

~ ds =~dX2+dy2

Arc Length f(l)ds = fc ~dx2 +d/

C

.d;
fc )dx2+dy2 dtdt =
dt + (d
[~'(dx)' ;, J
dt

/ dr;

Arc Length f
= (l)ds
c

.mass Ic p(x,y,z)ds .
 Work Done - Flow - Circulation u0J .1l/- &.ill/- JJ~I J;..&I
d
r= (x(t),y(t),z(t)) dt > r' (X'(t),y'(t),z'(t))dt

Work Done = Force . Distance Flow = Field . Distance

W = fF . r ' = L:: (p (t ) , Q(t ) , R (t )) . (x' (t ) , y (t ), z (t )) dt

I I

Circulation Flow in a closed curve = ~ F .d;

c

Flux t.5J~1 &.illl

"'-

Flux Field· n . Distance

Flux ~F.~.ds
c

Conservative Field ;fJLblJ 4.J:ijWI wY/.:-J1

LSi ,j.......J1 ~ ~ 'J ~I ~~I LU'S:!-' '~LS-'~ le-il-,-,.l (J~ ~I ~'J4--J1 ~ 4lLb.ll4..l::.!6..I1 ~'J4--J1 •
- "' .11 •~ I ••• ~ 'J <U..u!
.~ .J:!lI-I """'it'" ~ U
·1
• Conservative fields are fields which are irrotational (curl v 0), line integral is independent of
path, i.e. its value doesn't change whatever the path.

If (v x F = 5), then (F = Vtp(x,y,z))

 Green's Theorem r.Ji...?'- {t...;1iJ

'l..fj . I \..S:i II ..:1:. _ ~ ~ L:. II . t ts.:ill . 1. ~ .,~ ~ . \~: .

•~ (..)-" ;..;r, ~.J "F ~ (..)-" ~~ f"Y-l ~~ •
• Theorem which transforms line integral in a closed path into double integral.

~P (x ,y)dx +Q (x ,y )dy
C
n(aQ - apay JdA
R ax

a B
- -
~(p ,Q)'(dx ,dy)
C
= ff
R
Bx By dA
\
V
J
P Q
Circulation ~
Curl

~P (X ,y )dy -Q (X ,y)dx = ff(BP + BQ JdA

C R ax ay

t(P,Q). (dy, --dx) = lj (! ,; ).(P,Q)dA

\ j

F7;/X Dive;ence
 Exercise (3.2)

B. Use line integral to find the length of the WIfe that lies along the curve
C : r(t) .J2ii +,J2"tj +( 4-t 2 )k; 0 ~t ~ 1

d
dt
(.[2,.[2, -2/)1

Length of the wire L:

:::::> L = J(l)ds = J:.J2+2+4t2dt J:.J4+4t 2dt = 2J:Jl+t 2dt

·c

t=tan(8)
t=O ) 8=0

C. Compute the line integral F ds if: J

c

d
:::::> ;=(t,2t,5t) dt ) r I( t) = (I, 2, 5)

,>:::} Jc F ds J(x+y+z)ds
c
= J:(t+2t+5t)~(IY+(2)2+(5)2dt

= J: (8t) Fodt
 F(x,y,z)= .2 2 where C:x=2cos(t), y=2sin(t) z=t; O::5:t::5:27l"
+y

d
=> ; = (2 cos (t ), 2 sin ( t ), t) dt } r I (t) = (-2 sin (t ), 2 cos (t ),1)

=> JF ds = J
e eX
2
e-z
+y
2 ds r '( r .'( )~(-2Sin(/»' +(2co«/»)' +(l)'d/
o 4cos t +4sm t

IF( x,y,z) =.xy where C( oriented clockwise) is the intersection of the cylin~er x 2+ y2 = 4
and the plane x. + z = 4

"'­ hlmr.section curve C:

Substitute
inx+z=4 Iz
> = 4- 2cos(t )1

=> r (2cos(t),2sin(t),4-2Cos(t)) Oriented

c/ocl.."Wise
) I t runs from 2Jlto 01

=:. r'= (-2sin(t),2cos(t),2sin(t») ----4 ds= ~~+4sin' tdt

=> f.xyds = f:)2cos(t))(2sin(t))~4+4sin2tdt => 4f:1l2cos(t)sin(t)~1+sin2(t)dt

c
F (x, y, z) = x + JY - Z2 where C consists of the parabola y = x2 from (0,0,0) to (1,1, 0)
followed by the line segment from (1,1, 0) to (1,1,1)

Parametrization
of Parabola

Parametrization
of Line
) C2: r­2 = {1,I,O)+t{O,O,I) = {I, l,t); °t~ ~1

dt. ) r 1 ' = (1,2t,0) f f

d ~ Fds=f Fds + Fds
r2 = {1,I,t) di ) rr = (0 °1)
2 "
C C
1
C
2

~ f F ds = f:(t+ft2 -(ot)v112 +4t 2+Odt ~ f:(2t)~1+4t2dt

C1

D. Find the mass of wire with density p (x ,Y ,z )=~ that lies along the curve
4

=> ; =(0,t 2-1,2t) dt) r' =(0,2t,2)

=> m = Sp~ =
c
!S:2t~(0)2 +(2t)2 +(2)2dt = ~ S>-"'4t 2+4dt
E. Find the mass of a wire having the shape of the semicircle
x 1+ cos (t ) y = sin (t) ; 0 s t S TC if the density at any point is directly proportional to its
distance from the y-axis.

=> density is proportional to distance from the y-axis => p (x, Y) = ky ; k is some constant

d
=> ;=(l+cos(t),sin(t)) ---"!!..-? r' (-sin(t),cos(t)); OstSTC

k[-(-1) (-1)J = ~

- A ;. 2 ~A
F. A wire of density p (t) = lies along the curve C :r (t ) =t i + 2t j + -t 2 k; 0 ~ t ~2. Find
3
its center of mass.

=> m = f pds = f:
c

=> M yz = fxpds f:(t)(3.Js+t)J5+tdt = 3f:(5t+t

2
)dt
c

=> Mxz f ypds

c

=> Center of mass (x,y):

fxpds
=>x c
m
76
36
=> C(!2.18' 19J
9
 2
G. A circular wire hoop of constant density lies along the circle x 2 +Y 2 == a in the
xy - plane. Find the hoop's moment of inertia about the z-axis.

x=acos(t) y =aSin(t)

dx = -asin(t) dy=acos(t) I

=> Let p(x,y)=k

H. A slender rod of constant density lies along the line segment from (0,0,2) to (0,1, 0) in
the yz - plane. Find the rod's moment of inertia about the coordinate axes.

I~ (0,0,2) ~ (0,1,0)1

!r- - ~1iitl-P~ametrization of IJ line segment) ; = (0,0,2) + t (0,1, -2)

=> Let p(x,y,z) k

 1. Evaluate Ie F·d; if:
F( x,y)::::: x.JYi + 2yFxJ where C consists of the circle x2+ y2 = lfrom(l, 0) to( 0,1)
followed by the line segment from (0,1) to (4,3)

n'
==> C Parameterization of the circle)
x = cos(t) y sin(t) O:;;t:;;­
1 2
dx = -sin (t)dt dy cos (t)dt

==> C Parametrization of a line. segment)

2

fo~ (COS (t)Jsin (t), 2sin(t)Jcos(t) ). (-sin(t), COS (t)) ·dt + f: (COS (t) JSin (t), 2sin(t )~cos(t) ). (-1,1) ·dt

,L1~(Sin(t))~ cos(t) + 2( cos(t))~ sin(t) )dt + J~( -( sin(t ))~ cos (t)+ 2( COS(t))~ sin(t))dt

2 ~'
==> ( --(sin(t))2 --(cos(t))2
4 ~)~ + ( --(sin(t))2
2 ~ --(cOS(t))2
4 ~)J
5 5 0 3 3 0

F(x,y,z) cosh(x)i+sinh(Y)J+ezk where C is the intersection of cylinders y x2 and z:::::x3

from (0,0,0) to (2,4,8)

, of the ,,;, curve X =t y=t 2 z =t3

dx=dt dy= 2tdt dz=3Pdt

o I 1

sinh ( 2) + cosh ( 4) + e
8
- ~- ~ - /

= sinh(2) + cosh ( 4)+e8 2 ~ ~

 ;=(2t,3t,-t2 ); -1~t~1
=>
;. = (2,3, -2t)

1. Find the work done by the force field F to move a particle along the curve C if:

F(x,y,z)=2zi+xj-yk where C: ;(t)=cos(t)i+sin(t)j+2tk ;O~t~21r1

=>
; = (cos ( t ) , sin ( t) , 2t); °~ t ~ 21r
;; = (-sin(t),cos(t),2)

"lr­ '-"~1'oi' ... "

=> Ie F· d; = L (2( 2t), cos ( t), -sin(t)). (-sin(t), cos(t), 2t). dt

2
" = t
2
"
2
(-4tsin( t) + cos (t) - 2tsin(t) )dt

t ~ sin(t)
cos 2 t =
~+~cos2t
2 2
)
12"(
0
1 1 .
-6tsin(t)+"2+2"cos(2t) ) dt => 1 - -cos(t)
°~ -sin(t)
=> ( -6( -t cos(t) + sin(t)) + -t
1 + -sin(
1 2t) J2" => (-6(-( 21r)(1) + (0)) + -(21r)
1 1 0) J = 1131r1
+ -(
.24 0 2 4

F(x, y, z) = xyi + y j - yzk where C is the intersection of cylinder y = x2 and the plane z = x from
(0,0,0) to (1,1,1)

Parameterization of the curve C

r = (tf,t); 0~t~1
)

", = (1,2t,1)
 L. Find the flow of the fluid velocity field F along the curve c :

IF(x,y)=x 2 i- y j where C:x =y2 from (4,2) to (1,-1)1

t from 2 to -1
=> Parameterization of the curve C =>

=> Flow =LF.d; _tJ-

1 4
(422
+_t
1 2
1
1 1
+--4-2
4 2
=

F(x,y,z)=-4xy i+8YJ+2k where C istheparabolay x 2 inthplanez =1 from (0,0,1) to (1,1,1)

2
x =t Y t z =1 O::;t:-::;1
=> Parameterization of the curve C =>
dx =dt dy 2tdt dz 0

!t ~"Find the circulation and the flux of the fluid velocity field F(x ,y ) = x i + y j along
and across, respectively; the ellipse I6x 2 + Y 2 16

x =cost y = 4sint
=> Parameterization of the curve C =>
dx =-sindt dy =4costdt

=> Circulation = fc F·d~ rr (cost, 4sint )·(-sintdt , 4costdt) = I:'r (-sint cost + 16sint cost )dt

=> 15Jor sintcostdt

~(X,y), then ~=(y,-xD
2n
=
15 ( sin 2 t )21T
2 0 = iAl
&!
 N. Show that the field F is conservative then find its potential function 0 if:

I J k
0 0 0
=> VxF = - - [(O)-(O)Ji-[(O)-(O)Jj+[~ - ~Jk = 0
Ox Oy oz
y2+2xy 2xy +X2 0

=> 0(x,y) = J( y 2+2xY)dx = y2 X + X 2 y +c (y))

=> IVxF = 01 => Conservative field.
= y2X+X2y+C(X)

lr- .-.'1otI '.' ~

I J k
0 0 0
=> VxF = = [1-I]i -[1-1]]+ [1-I]k = 0
Ox Oy oz
y +z x +z x +.y

=> 0(x ,y ,z) = J(y +z )dx = yx +zx +C (y ,z )

_=> IVxF = 01 J
=> Conservative field. => 0(x ,y ,z) = (x +z )dy = xy +zy +C (x ,z )

=> 0(x ,y ,z) = (x J +y )dz = xz +yz +C (x ,y)

=> C (y ,z ) = zy => C (x, z ) = zx => C (x, y ) = yx => 10 (x ,y ,z ) = xy + xz + yz + C 1

 O. Prove that the line integral is independent of the path joining the two points A
and B, then evaluate it:

s: 3ydx +3xdy +2zdz whe.·eA (0,0,0) and B (4,1,2)1

A A ~

• j k
0 0 0
=> VxF = - = [(0)-(0)]i-[(0)-(0)]j+[3-3]k = 0
Ox Oy oz
3y 3x 2z

=> 0(x,y,z) = J3ydx = 3yx+C(y,z)

=> IVxF = 01 J
=> Conse."vative field. => 0(x ,y ,z) = 3xdy = 3xy +C (x ,z)

=> 0(x,y,z) = J2zdz = Z2+C(X,y)

=> C(y,z)=C(X,Z)=Z2 => C(x,y)=3xy => 10(x,y,z)=3yx+z2+CI

s: e X
-
Y+z' (dx -dy +2zdz) whereA (0,-1,1) andB (2,4,0)1

A A ~

0
• j
0 0
k
[(_2ze x-y+z' ) -(-2ze x -y+z') Ji-[( 2ze X-Y+z') - (2ze X-Y+z' )Jj
=> VxF = -
ox Oy oz +[(~X-y+z')_(~X-Y+Z')Jk = 0
,
e X-Y+z' ~X-Y+z' 2ze x- y+z

=> IVxF = 01 => Conservative field. => 0(x ,y ,z) = J~X-y+z2dy = e X-Y+'z +C (x ,z )

J
=> 0(x ,y ,z) = 2ze x-y+z'dz = e X-Y+z' +C (x ,y)

=> C (y ,z ) =C (x ,z ) =C (x ,y ) = ° => 10(x ,y ,z ) =ex-y+z' +C I

=> s: e X-Y+z' (dx -dy +2zdz) = 0(B )-0(A) = e 2- +'O _eO-(-I)+I' = le-2_e 2 :::: 7.5241
4
 P. Prove that the force field F is conservative then find the work done by:
IIF(x ,y ,z ) =y i +(x +z )j+ y k to move a particle from the point A (2,1,4) to B (8,3, -1)1

A A

i j k

~ V'xF
o o
~ = [(I)-(I)]i-[(o)-(o)]j+[(I) (l)Jk rnJ ~ Consel'VativefieJd.
Ox ltv
y x +z y

0(x,y,z) = Jydx =yx+C(y,z)

C(Y'Z) yz
~ ~ 0(x,y,z) = J(x+z)dy = xy+zY.+C(x,z) ~
{
C (x,z) °
C (x ,y) xy
~ 0(x,y,z) = Jydz =yz+C(x,y)

A A ~

j j k

~ V'xF = -
0
-
0 o· [(0)-(0)]i-[(2x) (2x )] j + [ ( cos y ) - (cos y )J k = rnJ
Ox ltv oz ~ Consel'Vative field.
2xz +siny x cosy x2

~ 0(x,y,z) = J(2xz +siny )dx = x 2 z +x siny +C (y,z)

~ 0(x,y,z) = Jxcosydy = xsiny+C(x,z)

t=O ) ;(0)=(1,0,0) t=2" ;(0) (1,0,2n-)

Q. Find the work done by the gradient field of 0(x,y )=(x +y)2 to move a particle
around the circle X
2
+y2 4 from .(2,0) to itself:
 R. Verify the green's theorem for the circulation of the field F along the closed
curve c:

IIF(x,y) x 2e Y i+y 2e x j c: The rectangle with vertices (0,0), (2,0), (2,3), and (0,3)1

=> Green's theorem for circulation: => ~c (Pdx +Qdy) = JID (~ - : }lA

P =x 2e Y
=> R.H.S. => ap =x 2 Y e .,~:';:'/. ;~>f ",.;'~'~_ ,~~_".
Oy ;:'.y:~-':~;";~ ···)d2:'

c!: (2t,O) oX

8 8 f\~
2
ge --e -9+
3
=> R.H.S. _­ ge 83 19
.vu
3 3 ~~___ 3~_ __~

'"~*".' .
C 1 : => ;(t) (0,0) +t (2,0) = (2t ,0) => ;'(t) (2,0)

C2 : => ;(t) (2, O)+t (0,3) = (2,3t) => r'(t) (0,3)

=> L.H.S. => ; O5ot 501 ,

C3 : => ;(t) (2,3) +t (-2,0) = (2- 2t, 3) => r'(t) (-2,0)

C4 : => ;(t) (0,3)+t (0,-3) = (0,3 -3t) => ;'(t)=(0,-3)

=> L.H.S. = ~c (Pdx +Qdy) ~Cl (Pdx +Qdy) + ~C2 (Pdx +Qdy) + ~C3 (Pdx +Qdy) + ~C4 (Pdx +Qdy)
F(X,y)==(X2+y)i+xy2j C: Theboundaryoftheregionenclosedbyy2 x andy=-x, O:-;;x:-;;l

~ Green's theorem (01' circulation: ~ ~c (Pdx +Qdy) = JJD [ ; - : JdA

~ R.H.S. ~

1 1 1 1
-+­
425 3

~ R.H.S. == F7l
[@J

1 x -t' y =t t from 0 to -II

dx =2tdt dy =dt
~ L.H.S. ~

1 x-t Y =-t t from I to 01

dx =dt dy =-dt

~ L.H.S.

)-1 + (1_t 0
) dt = 1 6 +_t
_t
( 335
2 3+1 1t 1t \
3 __ 2 __ 4 j
0 324 1

~ L.H.S. = I~: I R.H.S.

"v

.­
.....
... ..
...... ....
~-----------------------x
(0,0)
" IF(x,y) = Fi+ Fxi c: The triangle with vertices (1,1), (3,1), and(3,2)1

=> G..een', theorem fo,' ci..culation: => Pc (Pdx +Qdy) fIn (~ - :}t4
=> R.H.S. => oPP = FI IQ= = Fx> II (oQ
--- oP)
dA
1<" <!:... 4-!:.
~;-2'-'2 r nx+'2 (1
3 I I1J
- - - dydx
- = --:::-F" - - ax Oy D ISxS3 Jl JI 2Fx 2F
t3y L...jy ox 2Fx

I (12Fx1 ~-x ]
-x+- , X +
=> 1(--$J
I2Fx
3 Y I 2I
2

I
dx =>
I
3221
2
1 1
+----+Ji dx
2 2Fx

=> r (!.Fx +_1___

3
1 .Jx +1 1
JI 4 4Fx.J2

=> L.B.S. => C 2: => ~(t) (3,1)+t (0,1) (3,1 +t) => ;'(t)=(O,I) ;O::;;t::;;l

=> L.B.S. :fc (Pdx +Qdy) = :fc (Pdx +Qdy) + :fc. (Pdx +Qdy ) + :fe, (Pdx +Qdy)
i

=> 2+.J3-i -4 1 a.ji +.J3! ~ 1 11-a,/2 1 => LES, 111 ·8.[2 = R.HoS.
3 3 3 ) 3 3
 F(x ,y ) = -(y 2 + y )i +(xy +X )j C: The boundary of the region given by the circle x 2 + Y 2 1,
Y :s; x ,and x z °
=? Greents theorem for Flux: =? 'fc
J- (Pdy -Qdx ) fID (aalPx + ~)dA
vy

=? Transform into polar =?

-
r(t) (O,O)+t (1-Ii '-Ii1) -(t ) (1-Ii' -Ii1) ;
r' = O:s; t :s; 1

11: 11:

(~, ~)
x : : : cost y = sint :s;t:s;
=? L.D.S. =? C 2: =? x 2 +Y 2 1 from to (0,1) =? 4 2
d'C -sintdt dy =costdt

3: =? ;:(t) (0,1)+1 (O,-l)=(O,l-t)

cost sint)dt + J~(2-3t +t 2 )dt =

A. Use line integral to find the circumference and the area of the ellipse 4x 2 +Y 2 4

2
4x 2 +Y 2 =4 +4 X
4 1

Parametrization of Ellipse:

=> Ix =cosB y =2sinBI dO Idx =-sinBdB y =2cosBdOI

Circumference P :

= If" .Jsin 2B+4cos 2odol-----j- Non-Elementary #

AreaA:

=>A=JJdA ~:r:·~.) ~~(Xtry-Ydx) = ~flr(2cos2B+2Sin2B)d~

D c