MATHEMATICS 4|Quarter 2 Module 6

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2 – Lesson 13 and 14 4
PERFORMING ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF SIMILAR FRACTIONS

What is It

Similar fractions are fractions with the same denominators. They are a group of two
or more fractions that have the same denominator. Or we can say that the fractions
which have the same numbers at the bottom or denominators are called like fractions
or similar fractions.

Below are examples of similar fractions. Their denominator is 7.

𝟏 𝟐
𝟕 𝟕
How do we add similar or like fractions?
Look at this example.
3 1
What is the sum of and ?
5 5
𝟓 𝟔
𝟕 𝟕
How do we subtract similar or like
fractions?
Look at this example.
What is the sum of 35 and 15?

Solution: Solution:

Step 1: Check if the fractions have Step 1: Check if the fractions have
the same denominator. the same denominator.
Step 2: Add the numerators. Step 2: Subtract the numerators.
3 1 4 3 1 2
+ = - =
5 5 5 5
Step 3: Copy the denominator. Step 3: Copy the denominator.
3 1 4 3 1 2
+ = - =
5 5 5 5 5 5
Step 4: Simplify your answer if Step 4: Simplify your answer if
possible. possible.
Here are more examples. Here are more examples.
1 2 1+2 3 2 1 2−1 1
1. +4= =4 1. - = =4
4 4 4 4 4
2 7 2+7 9 7 2 7−2 5 1
2. + 10 = = 10 2. - = = 10 = 2
10 10 10 10 10

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 What’s More

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1. Directions: Perform the indicated operation.. Write your answer in your
notebook.

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2 Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in your
notebook.

BRAIN-COMPATIBLE
Activity No. 3 Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in your
notebook.

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 MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2 – Lesson 15 and 16 4
PERFORMING ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DISSIMILAR FRACTIONS

What is It

Study the problem

3 1
Lisa bought kilogram of lanzones and kilogram of apples. How many
4 2
kilograms of fruits did she buy in all?

3 1
To answer the question, just add and .
4 2
3 1
But we cannot add directly and because they are dissimilar fractions. Thus, we should
4 2
change them to similar fractions.

First, find the Least Common Denominator (LCD) or LCM of the denominators.

Let us use listing method:

2 - 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
4 - 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
The first common multiple between 2 and 4 is 4. Thus, we will use 4 as the LCD.

Second, write the fractions in column or vertically just like in the illustration below.

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 The answer is an improper fraction. Change this to a mixed number by dividing 5
and 4. The quotient will be a whole number. The remainder will be the numerator and the
divisor will be the denominator.

Study the following problem

3 1
Andrei bought 4 kilogram of bananas and 2 kilogram of grapes. How many
more bananas than grapes did he buy?

How will you answer the question in the problem?

1 3
To find the answer to the problem, do not just subtract from .
2 4
First, find the least common denominator (LCD) by finding the least common
multiple (LCM) of the denominators. One way of finding the LCM is through listing method.
2 - 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
4 - 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
The least common multiple between 2 and 4 is 4. Thus, the LCD is 4.
Second, write the fractions in column.

Third, simplify your answer. Since the fraction is already in its simplest form, it is the
final answer.
Finally, Andrei bought ¼ kilogram more bananas than grapes.

REMEMBER:
1. When fractions have different denominators, we must change them to similar
fractions
2. We do this by finding the lowest common multiple of the two numbers. We use
equivalent fractions.

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Example:
𝟐 𝟏
- =
𝟑 𝟐

In the example above, the denominators are 3 and 2.

Step 1: We write the first few multiples of 3 and 2.
3 = 3, 6, 9, ...
2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, ...
We see that 6 is the smallest number that occurs in both tables (lowest common
multiple).
Step 2: We can now change both fractions so that they have the same denominator. We
are changing each fraction to its equivalent fraction.
6 is the second multiple of 3 so we need to multiply both the numerator as well as
the denominator by 2.

2×2 4
=6
3 ×2
6 is the third multiple of 2 so we need to multiply both the numerator as well as
denominator by 3.
1×3 3
=6
2×3
Step 3: Let us put it all together
𝟐 𝟏
- =
𝟑 𝟐
2×2 1×3
- =
3 ×2 2 × 3
4 3
- =
6 6
1
=6

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 What’s More

A FIRST LOOK
Activity No. 1.A Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in
your answer sheet.
3 1 5 1
1. + = 6. - =
5 2 6 4
5 1 9 2
2. + = 7. + =
6 3 10 5
2 1 4 1
3. + = 8. + =
3 4 5 2
1 1 1 1
4. + = 9. + =
3 6 2 6
7 1 2 2
5. + = 10. + =
15 5 3 5

A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity No. 2 .Directions: Perform the indicated operation. Write your answer in
your answer sheet.
3 1 11 3
1. + = 6. - =
4 2 18 9
2 1 21 3
2. + = 7. + =
6 3 24 4
4 1 3 5
3. + = 8. + =
5 4 8 24
4 3 5 1
4. + = 9. + =
7 14 6 3
2 3 3 1
5. + = 10. + =
5 10 4 2

BRAIN – COMPATIBLE

Activity No. 3. Directions: Read and solve the following problems. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.
1 7 3 7
1. + = 6. - =
4 20 5 15
11 3 4 10
2. + = 7. + =
18 9 5 20
4 3 3 5
3. + = 8. + =
7 14 4 12
1 5 3 1
4. + = 9. + =
6 12 4 8
2 3 5 3
5. + = 10. + =
5 4 7 5

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 MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2 – Lesson 17 4
SOLVING ROUTINE AND NON-ROUTINE PROBLEMS INVOLVING ADDITION
AND/OR SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS

What is It

Study the following problem

5 2
Marlon painted his poultry house using 6 liter of green paint and 3 liter of
yellow paint. What color of paint was used more than the other? How much
more of it was used than the other?

We can solve the problem using the following steps.

UNDERSTAND The color of the paint that was used more and by how much more
Know what is asked:
Know the given facts: 5 2
liter of green paint and liter of yellow paint
6 3
PLAN Draw a picture:

Identify the operation to Subtraction

be used:
Write the number 5 2
- =n
sentence: 6 3
SOLVE Solution:
5 2
- =
6 3
5 2
Since, and are dissimilar fractions find the Least
6 3
Common Denominator (LCD).
Let us use the listing method. The denominators are 6 and 3.
6 - 6, 12, 18, 24, 30
3 - 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
The lowest common multiple between 6 and 3 is 6. Thus, the
LCD is 6.

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ANSWER 1.The color of the paint that was used more was the green paint.
1
2. One-sixth ( ) liter of green paint was used more than the
6
yellow paint.

What’s More

A FIRST LOOK

Activity No. 1. Directions: Solve each problem. Follow the four-step plan. Write your
answer in your notebook.
7
1. Lara used 10 liters of water to wash the dishes and liter to cook rice. How many
8
liters of water did she use in all?
4 7
2. Ruben spent of an hour weeding the garden and of an hour watering the
12 12
plants. How much time did he spend working in the garden?
3. Lena mixed 2 cups of flour with milk and eggs to make pandesal. She found that the
2
butter was too thin, so she added cup of flour more to the mixture. How much flour
3
did she use in all?
1 3
4. Mother cooked kg of rice for lunch and kg for supper. How much rice did she cook
8 8
for two meals?
1 4
5. Santy bought kg of apples and kg of mangoes. How many kilograms of fruits did
4 8
Santy buy?
1 1 2
6. Humprey rode his bicycle kilometer to school, kilometer to the store, and
2 5 10
kilometer home. What is the total distance travelled by Humprey?

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