Local coal

&
it’s contribution to the energy
development in Yemen
 Index
• Introduction
• Global overview
• Hadhrmout mining
• Coal resources
• Optimal utilization
• Economy impact
• Opportunities and challenges
• Close and remarks
 What is COAL?
• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black
sedimentary rock composed mainly of Coal is composed
mainly of
– carbon (50 to 98 per cent)
– hydrogen (3 to 13 per cent)
– oxygen
– smaller amounts of nitrogen
– sulphur
– little water
– other elements.
 Coal types?

• 4 Types:
– Lignite
– Subbituminous
– Bituminous
– Anthracite
Formation of COAL
 Mining
– Strip Mining
• Removal of large strips of overlying
rock and soil to reveal coal.
– Mountaintop Removal Mining
• Removal of mountain tops with
explosives. Land made flat after
reclamation.
– Highwall Mining
• A continuous miner cuts holes
horizontally into the coal formation.
– Underground Mining
• Room and pillar
Coal uses
 Energy demand
trend
Energy demand trend
Coal consumption
 Benefits of Coal
1-Price World Fossil Fuel Reserves
2-Availability
3-Effeciency
4-Safe

blue bars
= coal
 Coal in Yemen - SWOT
Strength Weakness
Small coal reserve –PROVED Limited researches
Lake of technical support

Opportunities Threats
More reserves Lake of transportation
Energy utilization Exploitation cost
Enhance the local industries
 Relative Costs of Coal based power generation
Compared to Other Resources

To produce 1 MWh the cost of coal is:

50 - 60 % less than oil and petroleum
45% less than Natural gases energy

omy
Yemen Econ
Clearly coal is the most cost-effective form of energy.
However, in creating clean coal, which is much more
environment-friendly, the costs raise significantly.

Because Clean Coal technology is new, there are not

accurate estimates as to what the costs will be once
 Hadhramout mining?
-Local Ltd entity
-Specialty in coal, first local company EVER.
-Stationed in Mukalla
-Proved 7 coal fields
-Working on new fields
-Mining plans
-Power generation plans
 5 Years prospecting work
Historical reports
Investigation and researches
Prospection permits
Consultancies
Field works, sampling
Testing and analysis
Manual exploration, (Manual digging)
Promising fields identification
Minor exploration, through mechanical trenching
Exploitation
Planning
Hadhramout mining responsibilities?
Social
To create 300-400 Job opportunities
To work on roads on the targeted areas
Political
To make use of 100% of local coal locally
Economical
Power generation
Enhance coal energy as an alternative energy resource
-Environmental
Use the latest technology
-Safety and hygiene
Implement the ISO standard in all practices
Train people
 Coal resource
-Seven coal fields, different areas
-Seam thickness varies from 0.3m to 1.5M
-Contour & high wall and Underground mining
-Probable resource estimation at 54 Million Ton
-Bituminous - Sub bituminous – Lignite coal
-Heating value range: 3000-5500 Kcal/kg
-Suitable for power generation
-Exploitation cost is the crucial factor
 Optimal utilization
-Power generation
Estimated reserve can generate:
300 MWh for 30 Years!!!
 Economy impact
-Enhance the coal energy
-Better utilization for petroleum resources
-Decrease unemployment %
-Open new horizon for the economy
-Attract attention of foreign investors
Close and remarks