Factors on which self inductance of coil depend

Objective

To study the factors on which the Self Inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil,
when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
Introduction

There are four basic factors of inductor construction determining the amount of inductance created.
These factors all indicate inductance by affecting how much magnetic field flux will develop for a
given amount of magnetic field force (current through the inductor’s wire coil.

The factors are:-

• NUMBER OF WIRE WRAPS, OR “TURNS” IN THE COIL.

• COIL AREA.
• COIL LENGTH.
• CORE MATERIAL.

Aim

To study the factor on which the Self Inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil,
when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

Apparatus Required

A coil of large turns, A.C. source of adjustable frequency, an electric bulb, (6 V) A.C. ammeter of
suitable range, rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.

Theory
Self Inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the change in current through it. The Self
Inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is
L =μ0μr N2 A

Where μr= Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material,

μr = μμμ°
 N= Total number of turns in solenoid
 A= Area of cross section of solenoid
 l= Length of solenoid

Hence, the Self Inductance depends upon

• No. of turns (N), L α N2
• Geometry of coil, L=A , L α 1/l
• Nature of core material, L= μ

When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of frequency, then
current flowing in the bulb is

I rms=E rms
Z
Where Z= (R2 + ω2L2)½=Impedance of the A.C. Circuit
R= Resistance of bulb
L= Self Inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is

H= I2rmsZt
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
Or,
P=H/t= I2rmsZ
 P= I2rms(R2 + ω2L2)½

Circuit Diagram
Procedure
 Make all connections as shown in circuit diagram.
 Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the constant current in the circuit by using the variable
resistor (R1) (let frequency of source is 60 Hz and voltage is 6V).
 Record the current in A.C. ammeter and see the brightness of bulb.
 Now, put the soft iron rod inside the inductor core and record the current in A.C. ammeter and
again check the brightness of bulb. The current and brightness both decreases.
 Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of A.C. source (say 50 Hz).
 Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V by using
the rheostat. Note the current in ammeter and brightness of bulb. The current and brightness both
will increases.
 Again insert the iron in the core of coil and note the current and brightness. The current and
brightness both decreases.
 Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequency of A.C. source (say 40 Hz,30 Hz and 20 Hz).
 Fig 1.1: Experimental setup of experiment.

Observations
 Least Count Error= 0 A.
 Zero error of ammeter =0 A.
 Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

S No. Frequency of applied voltage(Hz) Current in ammeter Current in ammeter with

without iron rod in coil iron rod in coil (A)
(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4

Result
• The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in the core of coil at constant
frequency of applied voltage and brightness of bulb decreases and vice-versa.
• The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of applied voltage and vice-versa.
Therefore, the brightness of bulb increases.

Precautions
• The coil should have large number of turns.
• Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating effect.
• There should not be parallax in taking the reading of ammeter.

Sources of Error

• The resistance of circuit may increases slightly due to heating effect of current.
• There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
Bibliography
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inducta
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kUuM4sVZ3Xvuee

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ukessays.com/essays/ed
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