KIMBERLY G.

GUTIERREZ
INSTRUCTOR I
Chapter 1: Communication Processes & Principles

• Have you ever wondered if God had not gifted all humans
with the gift of language and communication? What do
you think would happen? How would messages be
passed from one person to another? These questions all
boil down to one truth: that communication should not
be overlooked and that each individual should at least
know the very foundations (processes and principles)
on which it is based.
• Having a good grasp of these foundations will lead you to
understanding the importance of honing the skills of
effectively expressing yourself and sharing your thoughts
to an audience.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner:
1. Compares and contrasts the communication models.
2. Reflects on the significance of a specific communication
principle.
What can you say about the
picture?

How is their situation

connected to the
communication process?
 DISCUSSIONS

• We are all great communicators by nature. We all now

our way around it whether it be at home, school, or work.
• According to Ben Jonson, as cited by Villamarzo et al
(2000), to speak and to speak well are two different things.
• We may be articulate but we may not be able to put our
message across all the time; we can still be
misunderstood. Obviously, there is a lot to study and learn
about the dynamic of oral communication before we can
become effective communicators.
 DISCUSSIONS

• Effective communication suggests that meanings, not

just words, are transmitted and understood clearly and
are either accepted or rejected.
• It is communication in which the meaning that is
stimulated is similar to or the same as that within the
communicator.
• In short, effective communication is shared meaning -
shared ideas and feelings.
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
• The communication process cannot be complete without
the complex interaction of the following elements:
qSpeaker/Sender
The speaker is the participant who initiates the
communication process and establishes the purpose of the
message. Communication basically starts when one person
decides to speak to a person or a particular group of
audience.
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
qListener/Receiver
The receiver is the one for whom the message is intended
and sent. The message which the receiver hears goes
through a ‘mental filter’ which is called a person’s frame of
reference (e.g. knowledge, experiences, goals, values and
attitudes of the person).
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
qMessage
This element of the communication process refers to the
ideas, thought, or information the speaker conveys to his
audience.
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
qChannel/Medium
The channel or medium identifies how the message is
delivered. It can be non-verbal (gestures, facial
expressions, bodily movements, eye movements, the use of
space and geographic location, time) or verbal (use of voice
and words).
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication

qFeedback
This element is centered on how the listener reacts or
responds to the speaker’s message. It holds the principle
that communication is a ‘two-way’ process. signals.
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
qContext
This refers to the circumstances—situation, condition,
environment—where communication occurs. Context can
have a big influence on how message is delivered and
received.
 The Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
qNoise
Defined as anything that can potentially cause
communication breakdown. It can be external (from the
environment; karaoke, dog barking), internal (noise from
within yourself; attitudes, opinions, hunger, anxiety, fear) or
semantic (misunderstanding due to choice of words or non-
verbal signals.
How do the elements mentioned
above interact with each other in
order to complete the
communication process?
Communication Models & Principles
Principles of Communication