Acknowledgement

Primarily I would like to thank God for being

able to complete this project with success. Then I
would like to thank my physics teacher Mr. Jayraj
Sir whose valuable guidance has been the ones that
helped me to patch this project and make it full
proof success. His suggestions and instructions have
served as the major contributor towards the
competition of this project.

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends

who have helped me with their valuable suggestions
and feedback which was very valuable during
various phases of the project completion. Lastly, I
would like to thank my classmates who have
supported be throughout.

Index

S.NO. Topic
 1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Half-wave Rectifier
4. Working of Half-wave Rectifier
5. Rectifier Efficiency
6. Advantages
7. Disadvantages
8. Uses
9. Bibliography

Aim :-
To convert A.C current into D.C with
the help of a rectifier that rectifies
only positive half cycle of input
voltage
 Introduction
The conversion of AC into DC is called
Rectification. Electronic devices can convert AC
power into DC power with high efficiency. During
the positive half cycle, the diode is forward biased
and it conducts and hence a current flow through the
load resistor. During the negative half cycle, the
diode is reverse biased and it is equivalent to an
open circuit, hence the current through the load
resistance is zero. Thus, the diode conducts only for
one half cycle and results in half wave rectification.

Principle: A rectifier is an electronic device that

converts an alternating current into a direct current
by using one or more P-N junction diodes. A diode
behaves as a one-way valve that allows current to
flow in a single direction. This process is known as

rectification.

Types of Rectifier:
 Half-wave Rectifier
 Full-wave Rectifier
 Half-wave Rectifier
Half-wave rectifiers transform AC voltage to DC
voltage. A half-wave rectifier circuit uses only one
diode for the transformation. A half-wave rectifier is
defined as a type of rectifier that allows only one-
half cycle of an AC voltage waveform to pass while
blocking the other half cycle.

Half Wave Rectifier Circuit:

A half-wave rectifier is the simplest form of the
rectifier and requires only one diode for the
construction of a half-wave rectifier circuit.
A half-wave rectifier circuit consists of three main
components as follows:
• A diode
• A transformer
• A resistive load
Half-wave Rectifier Diagram
 Working of Half Wave Rectifier:
In this section, let us understand how a half-wave
rectifier transforms AC into DC.
1. A high AC voltage is applied to the primary side
of the step-down transformer. The obtained
secondary low voltage is applied to the diode.
2. The diode is forward biased during the positive
half cycle of the AC voltage and reverse biased
during the negative half cycle.
3. The final output voltage waveform is as shown
in the figure below:
 Rectifier Efficiency
Rectifier efficiency is the ratio of output DC
power to the input AC power. For a half-wave
rectifier, rectifier efficiency is 40.6%.
 Advantages
 Half wave rectifier is a simple circuit.
 It has a low cost.
 We can easy to use it.
 We can easily construct.
 It has a low number of components, therefore
it is cheap.
 Disadvantages

 The transformer utilization factor is low.

 They produce a low output voltage.

 DC saturation of transformer core resulting in

magnetizing current and also some hysteresis
losses and generation of harmonics.

 The power output and therefore rectification

efficiency are quite low. This is due to the fact
that power is delivered only during the one-half
cycle of the input alternating voltage.

 Ripple factor is high and elaborate filtering is,

therefore required to give steady dc output.

 They only allow a half cycle through per sine

wave, and the other half cycle is wasted. This
leads to power loss.
 Uses
 Powering Appliances:
An electrical appliances uses DC power supply to
function using rectifier in the power supply helps in
converting AC to DC. Bridge rectifier are widely
used for large appliances, where they are capable of
converting high AC voltage to low DC voltage.

 While Soldering:
A half-wave rectifier is used in soldering iron types
of circuit and is also used in mosquito repellent to
drive the lead for the fumes. In electric welding,
bridge rectifier circuits are used to supply steady
and polarized DC voltage.

 Transformers:
The transformer used in the half-wave rectifier
is the step-down transformer. It is used to
convert AC (Alternating current) to DC (Direct
Current). It has two windings, namely primary
winding and secondary winding.
 F.M Radio:
A rectifier is a device that converts an
oscillating two-directional alternating current
(AC) into a single-directional direct current
(DC). Rectifiers can take a wide variety of
physical forms, from vacuum tube diodes and
crystal radio receivers to modern silicon-based
designs.

Bibliography
1. www.tutorialspoint.com
2. www.maximintegrated.com
3. www.elprocus.com
4. www.vedantu.com
5. NCERT Textbook