Writing

C. Pie chart

A. Stucture of Pie chart (with trend)

Categories

 Model introduction:

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 Model overview:

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B. Words of describing chart

1. Adjectives and Adverbs

2. Describing of movement

Remain/Stay/keep/have unchanged/stable
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3. Describing of Percentages and Approximations

 Paraphrasing percentages:

 Four-fifths - 80%  Just under a third - 30%

 Three quarters - 75%  One quarter -25%
 Seven out of ten - 70%  A fifth - 20%
 Just over half - 53%  Less than a fifth - 15%
 Two fifths - 40%  One in ten - 10%
 Just over a third - 35%  Halved (verb) - dropped by half
Examples:
 Around fourth fifths of university students stated that the library was the best place for
their research
 Coal accounted for one-quarter of fossil fuels used as an energy source.
 According to the graph, car production in France halved between 1999 and 2004.
 Exports of semiconductors dropped from two fifths to less than a fifth in 3 years.

 Paraphrasing approximations:
 Just over a fifth - around 22%  A large number of - around 70%
 Just under a fifth - around 18%  A large proportion of - around 70%
 Slightly less than a quarter - 23%  A significant proportion of - around 80%
 More than two fifths – around 42%  A small minority of - around 5 to 10%
 Approximately half - 48%  A small number/amount of - 5 to 10%
 Around a fifth - 19%  An insignificant amount of - around 2%
Examples:
 A large proportion of the population of Italy is under 65 years old.
 This figure increased but then dropped to slightly less than a quarter in 2011.
 It can be seen from the table that around a fifth of all passengers used buses in the
period 2012 and 2016.

 Make comparison
Số lấn (twice/three times..)+ as+ much/many/less+as
Less/fewer than + số %

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C. Sample answer
The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production of
France in two years

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D. Practise writing
1. Exercise 1
The two pie charts below show the percentages of industry sectors'
contribution to the economy of Turkey in 2000 and 2016.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

The two pie charts illustrate the proportion of 8 different industry sectors contributed to
the economy of Turkey percentage-wise in the years 2000 and 2016.
Overall, at the beginning of the period, construction contributed the least to Turkey and
agriculture was the most/highest/greatest significant economic sector. In comparison, at
the end of the span health care and education became the largest economic segment and
the lowest contribution was made by financial, business, and other services.
As seen in the first chart, the agricultural sector was the highest contributor to the
country’s economy in 2000, and that was about a quarter of the total share. On the other
hand, the least contribution was made by the construction sector/categories (3%).
According to the pie chart, it's familiar that four of the total mentioned categories
increased their share towards the economy by 2016. Of these, the construction sector has a
speedy/ a highest increase and over three times (3.3 times) as much as 2000. stood first
with a progress of more than in 2000. The other three sectors (Manufacturing, finance and
business, and trade, utilities, and transportation) increased their share by 4,3 and 2%
respectively.

2. Exercise 2

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The pie charts below compare the proportion of energy capacity in
gigawatts (GW) in 2015 with the predictions for 2040.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.