Algorithm and

Programming

Function and Recursive

Outline

▪ What is function?
▪ Why do we need function?
▪ Syntax of creating a function and using a function
▪ Function with return type
▪ Function with non-return type
▪ Examples of function
▪ Recursive function
▪ Syntax
▪ example

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Function

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Function
❑ What and Why?
▪ A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. A function may return a
value.

▪ Why function?
✓ A large and complex program can be divided into smaller programs
✓ assign task and work in team is easy

✓ Program is easy to understand, fix error, and maintain

✓ Reusable code

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Function
❑ Type of function

▪ There are two types of functions in C programming:

❑ Standard library functions
Library Provided functions
▪ Also called: built-in function, or existing function stdio.h printf(), scanf()
▪ For example, see Table 1 math.h pow(), sqrt(), ceil(),
floor(), cos(), sin()
❑ User-defined functions
▪ Also called: user-custom function

▪ For example, a user (programmer) defines his/her own function to do something

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Syntax
❑ Function with returning value
c) Parameter of a function
It has parameter type and parameter name
If have more than one, separate them by comma
type functionName(type parameter1){
... .. ... b) Name of function
... .. ... it should start with a verb

return value; int sumTwoNumber(int n1, int n2){

} int s;
s=n1+n2;

a) Type of value returning d) Return value return s;

from the function It must be the same data type as a) }

Ex1: Create a function to do

summation of two numbers 6
Syntax of Creating A Function
❑ Function with no returning value
c) Parameter of a function
It has parameter type and parameter name
If have more than one, separate them by comma
void functionName(type parameter1){
... .. ... b) Name of function
... .. ... it should start with a verb

return value;
}
void greetMessage(char name[20]){
printf(“Hi, %s”, name);
printf(“Welcome back!”);
a) Void means no returning d) No need to return value since we
value from the function use void in a) }

Ex1: Create a function to display a

greet message for a person 7
Syntax of Using a Function
❑ How to execute the created function?
▪ The execution of a C program begins from the main( ) function.
▪ Our user-defined function can be executed by calling it from main() function

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>

void functionName(){ int functionName1(){
... .. ... ... .. ...
return 5;
... .. ... }
} void functionName2(){
... .. ...
... .. ...
int main(){ }
... .. ...
... .. ... int main(){
int result;
... .. ...
functionName();
result=functionName1();
functionName2();
... .. ... ... .. ...
... .. ... ... .. ...
} } 8
 Function
❑ Global Vs. Local variable
#include <stdio.h>
Global variables
▪ Local variable a variable that creates inside a int n=0;
function char name[10];
int sum(int a, int b){
✓ Its value can not be accessed from outside the int res=0;

Function
User-defined

Local variables
function
res=(a+b)*2;
✓ Its value will be destroyed after the function n++;
finish executing return res;
Output: }

int main(){
int num=10;
▪ Global value is variable that creates int res=2;

outside the function below all library inclusion printf("*Start program \n");
✓ Its value can be accessed from any functions printf(“%d”, sum(2,5));
res = sum(2,5)
✓ Its value will be destroyed after the whole printf(“%d”, res);
program finish executing printf(“%d”, n);
Call created function
} 9
Example of functions
❑ Returning Vs. Non-returning value function
▪ Function with returning value ▪ Function with no returning value

int sum(int a, int b){

int res=0; void display(int a){
printf(“Hello %d\n”, a);
res=(a+b)*2; printf(“This function has no returning value”);
n++; printf(“use the keyword void”);
return res; }
}

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Q&A
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Creating a simple function with return value

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function with input from user

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Function with return value and with no return value

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Function in function

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Using global variable in function

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Practices
❑ Write a C++ program to solve the following problem.

1. Write a function to calculate this formula y=3x2-2x

where x is the parameter of the function. The function
returns the value of y. Test the function in main
program when x is set to 2, 5, 7 and 10.
What are the values of y? int eq1(int x)
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Practice
❑ Write a C++ program to solve the following problem.

2. Write a function to display whether a person is

allowed to vote or not. This function have one
parameter which is the age of a person.
▪ A person is allowed to vote when his/her age is greater than
or equal 18.

Display the message either “You are allowed to vote” or

“You are not allowed to vote”
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Practice
❑ Write a C++ program to solve the following problem.

3. Write a function that can find root of quadratic

equation ax2+bx+c=0. The function takes
coefficient a, b and c as the parameters.
void findRoot(a, b, c)

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Practice
❑ Write a C++ program to solve the following problem.

4. Write a function to compute surface of a triangle using

heron formula. float computeSurface(x, y, b)

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