Centre universitaire de Tipaza

Faculté des sciences

2eme année biologie
Agronomy & ecology
Module: TCE anglais

Td 04:

Practise01:

Terminology:

Choose the right answer:

1. Leaf refers to the organ that forms the main lateral appendage on the stem of vascular
plants. Responsible of ………

a. the photosynthesis b. energy production c.O2 exchange

2. Flaccid When a cell has ……, and exchanges water at a steady rate with the
environment.
a. Turgor pressure b. No turgor pressure c. Absorption of nutrient.

3. Saprophyte: any organism that feeds and grows on ……. This means that a
saprophyte is a decomposer, breaking down complex matter and absorbing the simpler
products.
a. Dead organism’s b. good ecosystem c. alive organisms

4. Ecological Succession: describe …… in structure of a community of different

species.
a. The extinction b. the collapse c. the change

5. Biofilm: is a thick layer of ……… that have aggregated to form a colony. The
colony attaches to a surface with a slime layer, which aids in protecting the
microorganisms.
a. Unicellular organism’s b. Prokaryotic organism’s c. lacking a nucleus.

6. Detritivore is ……. organism, which obtains its nutrition by feeding on detritus.

Detritus is the organic matter made up of dead plant and animal material.
a. a microscopic b. a eutrophic c. heterotrophic
Practice 2:
Comparative and superlative adjectives:

Comparative adjectives:
Adj+ er +than
More/less Adjective + than
Superlative adjectives:
The +adj +est
The most/least+adj

Write the correct form of adjectives:

 He’s (+ intelligent) student of our class.

 Ebola is (– dangerous) the cancer.
 My new university (good) the previous one.
 The cancer spread (fast) other diseases.
 Pesticide is probably (bed) solution to kill pests.
 Mitosis is (different) meiosis.
 What is (- interesting) subject in your study?
 Acquired immunity is (+ powerful) defense that operates later in the infection.
 Animal’s cells are (-difficult) plants cells.

Practise03:
Read the text and answer the questions:
AGRECOLOGY is a science that draws on social, biological, and agricultural sciences and
integrates these with traditional knowledge and farmer’s knowledge. A key agroecological
strategy in designing a sustainable agriculture is to incorporate diversity into the agricultural
fields and surrounding landscapes. Agroecology has its roots in ecology, applying the
understanding of natural ecosystems and comparing these to mechanized agroecosystems.
One of the most important knowledge is the recycling.
Recycling recovery and reprocessing of waste materials for use in new products. The basic
phases in recycling are the collection of waste materials, their processing or manufacture into
new products, and the purchase of those products, which may then themselves be recycled.
Typical materials that are recycled
include iron and steel scrap, aluminum cans, glass bottles, paper, wood, and plastics. The
materials reused in recycling serve as substitutes for raw materials obtained from such
increasingly scarce natural resources as petroleum, natural gas, coal, mineral ores, and trees.
Recycling can help reduce the quantities of solid waste deposited in landfills, which have
become increasingly expensive. Recycling also reduces the pollution of air, water,
and land resulting from waste disposal.
There are two broad types of recycling operations: internal and external. Internal recycling is
the reuse in a manufacturing process of materials that are a waste product of that process.
Internal recycling is common in the metals industry, for example. The manufacture
of copper tubing results in a certain amount of waste in the form of tube ends and trimmings;
this material is remelted and recast. Another form of internal recycling is seen in
the distilling industry, in which, after the distillation, spent grain mash is dried and processed
into an edible foodstuff for cattle.
External recycling is the reclaiming of materials from a product that has been worn out or
rendered obsolete. An example of external recycling is the collection of old newspapers and
magazines for repulping and their manufacture into new paper products. Aluminum cans and
glass bottles are other examples of everyday objects that are externally recycled on a wide
scale. These materials can be collected by any of three main methods: buy-back centers,
which purchase waste materials that have been sorted and brought in by consumers; drop-
off centers, where consumers can deposit waste materials but are not paid for them; and
curbside collection, in which homes and businesses sort their waste materials and deposit
them by the curb for collection by a central agency.
Society’s choice of whether and how much to recycle depends on economic factors.
Conditions of affluence and the presence of cheap raw materials encourage human beings’
tendency to simply discard used materials. Recycling becomes economically attractive when
the cost of reprocessing waste or recycled material is less than the cost of treating and
disposing of the materials or of processing new raw materials.
The questions:
1. Give a main idea to this text.
2. What does mean recycling? Moreover, which materials are concerned?
3. Mention types of recycling and the different between them.
4. Does recycling have impact on the environment and the society?