Exercise One

I 1. Define the following terms:

I • cyberspace - \ ~

c,O ('t'\ ipu\.<t- ne.-\v.> oAc, .

• cyber law -- fu
\JVC-\.,c,_\ ~ e . .

\c <ice,..\ ~'()
c..r-eo-~

~c..\- ~0\c..~ u E. "-

o} \.e,,,b{)o½o1 :t\....c "'~e,1., o.f' l,_ ·, I- ce«-"' ,;,..

,c,...~ e,.e. C)~ ~-..J'-"' 'f.~ ""' ~-~\.\.<.c..\..Je,,,_\
~~c... OJ"~ or-.\,~ r .. ~ . ,
2. Comp~te the following table by listing threepositi~ and three negative aspects of
using the Internet.
Negative points about using the Internet
Positive points about using the Internet o.:ro.. h ~ " " ' - ~ " : ·
~"c,~\\j,~~
Ae,c.~ \o " " ~ o . ~ :

A}:2,..,c..,~~
lorY"',rY".J""'\ c.,c,.\...OC"\ ••

----~ (.~ c... ec-r--:::. ·.

Co("\ \J~'{\ ) C,C""'t c....e. •. P~"'~ C,..-(\ ~UJ~

3. Why do you think it is so difficult for governments to regulate what is happening in

ts~ -~
cyberspace?

&--o-Je.,--nm""',,. O..~u~ 1b ~v\~.._ ,,, ho.'M""'~

ln ~ c , c e . .:½e -I;,;, <,9M-I <'>o.bc-Ec •4 k ii'-~\
f½_ r<>-,P C \j
e,q,o\.,·,--.3 l .,_,,,l_x,,. ,"<- of :\-c-<.Jr..-. s,\o @a , -\-\-..._ ¼:,::,,o--,

\:,e.,\.-.J<..tu--,
\vt.k 1/: ~"1t*
r--eei,l\rchsn e,..n t...

~f?:-e!:\\::-- e..
S'f~ / p
o.rc.
l

~C)\.)C""c_S-,;) .
Cl."~ -\-\-._

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 9 Set S

Questions:

1. List five statistics from the article which indicate the popularity of online shopping.

- ~(}..~~ rs\J!"fS2=' a""¼ ~\: ~""' b :;. :\b lo /o :k ~% ,~ 0

-fdvJeoc r:J-o·,I< Acvc.lr ,?CD~ t,4}~ w c;,b~ b ~ 6D ~.\. \Oo o1= ,-h. ~ . ·
Ja~ ~(? e('\-mg_ i:r.e~v- ro~cz_ ti~ /\eA,, c.,o~ $-ic ~o%ef~~-
-t\c b~~e\\i 5 -C,.:,l J'!-. ~clv: ro;, rrub ?:o
0
/4. 4.,,,._~ .\o rww 'b.... °"\~.
-~\,C,.o "<4 'ea~ oc,\y...g,, SYtlYS:> C>c-9--- ur '2.D:>o/c ID: \;&:+e.~~-

2. Why has online shopping become more popular during the Covid-19 pandemic?

~ij ffl'c.\ ~\o.-...:, bo.""- ,1,,¢, or: h,l \w,;.1.1 houo A.,,__-\,, \~,-,
~" .sruo.l ct:,:k.0(£(\3 Q..XJc::9) m~
,vH... 1.\- more-- A,~.\- PC :ro?cX'Y"?0,~ -\v ~ ¥

"" -v~- A-~,bC:::\\<CJ:

1

'ff'np\:e. cl'CfL m~
ffiOCL \h6 \o ½¥ cx-\m.JL... 'f-ar: cenY<!):\S'.s& Qt)~ ¼> ,p~
,\w"'e..• ~u,\\"'v £01"<:.en-o 0,.'oa...,'>t k !:.f~ +k. ' n . ~ \.c..cL 4-
C>- 6'...,~ ~ " " Ow-\\~ .=:i~°'{)'f)~•. . .
3. What legal issues/problems couldc\nse when people are buying goods onlme?

iOJ\ \?!~f.. fa},.°""' f:Jc,k c{)\"'e., c,, now,W df \'-0.1 ,.,,,._,..,. or

£2((\)( , "'LI¾ {mu?, ,.1.1.., kY'2<'fr<l<"O'r :P,... ~<-1.. -\I-,~ '-""'-- s,Jl'c:'.J
oc {wl k ,1_,,hw h eo¼, c.>½:r 'f=~1 ...f-,,n:,<½, \,k .,_J.:J
( c.-/4- ,wrn'os::, C!¼t) l:,._ «=> p-s,ni>Y' or s \,\~, 6_,"V.....,, ,;,,-q -\-\-_ '1,v<.Q
c,r b'r oo½> r ~l" &~ '15~"\:!. s\--v-7~

~u"~'-~ F·
 Exercise TWO
Go to the e-/earning site to vieW the DVD to complete this activity.
,.•·;,;,·•
~."!....

canvas
- · swe
View the segment trom Behind the Nel!§ (ABC) on 'Cybercrime' (3.50 minutes) An

following questions in the spaces provided. ''Ille

1. What is a digital identity?

~:~\IA\ ·,(lro11) .\S 11,,. ~IA\lori Q'cpjc c- F " ~a-l ¥§¼

(--------==
2. What can happen if som eone steals your identity on line?

ifr'(o,-ko,,
·'x;:wu.011~ J
-\ . -b
°'°" ~oJ< ;;\,,.,.. \.:)_, D"\\02

Prelimina ry Legal St .
ud1es
Page 12
Set 5

I
 --

s. What sort of information can cybercriminals access if there is no encryption?

s.14, c,.;, ~Wbr.b., u-ep;l- w,-A · h-Un-,..,.._.:,, ~ouc:..\ ""-'-'"Z} r,..-,;_ cl,..,-

irf,-.-,<-her,, J/;; <"'1 le~! -1o i k½¼ Jb4+: c.n ;_ he.-.. I

6. How could criminals use this information?

 '~"¾o
-
Cyber ,.. F CC/H}:..
s\u.½

"'"'-,
Cyber
er:,mes -·
a,

Sending
Cyber
bJ\\jr<j

w*
Cyber

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 15

 2 What does the term 'hacking'
,1 mean?
~ •

• oJ (\ ~1)1'1\U/",

afa 1s k ...i1~ ..

3. Define the term 'fraud'.

4. What is a 'scam'?

5. List three ways scams can be operated on the Internet.

I
I
I
 Hujd , t ti-le case tlf AustrdlitiH tdFHJ:jetit1dH dhd tdHJurc,
CcHn~lete th~ ,oII o)wv'- IH , scarro
cieH f2tJ02jijrFCA. •11@F
Commissidrl (ACCC

QUestioH AHswer
who is the plaihtlff lh the tase?
~c.c.c..
who is the defehdciht lh the case?
~r R,~o-r~ ~et'\
is this a crimihal or a civil t ase?
l"'""'°'ir''-\ ~e., ---
Which court heard the tas'e? (Hint: What do
the letters FCA stand for?)
(~\ ~c-.\--

Which legislation had been breached?

"(~f~~ \q 1'-i
Facts of the case. What did the defendant
do that was illegal? 1\-L ~ \ . - 6-,e_~ ~«-

r~--~
t < v ~ ' Q e \ ~ ~ ~ ~~
t~; ~ ~~'\j
~ct-c, ¾ ht.\.,
I •~ o... vn::.\~" o?-- c...o ""'!:i,J~
l~l>.
What penalties were imposed by the court?
Mr
yJJ~\-,:>~""()
t,.i<h~~
Wllt> reJ.>\--q;,_rr-.~
Gr
Cv-\
O{>~~
-\o -'~Ovc.(
k *t\...t..
~,-n

W'~:>- - ~ .

What could consumers do to avoid being a

l\k. c...~:; o1- ...,~._~ ocl\ ~ \..~.
victim of this type of scam? -+k. Vt-'o:.~ Ul L, l.:.::k ~-
V c... tt> -p-o\.eck- t;j~~,
,-
7. What is 'spam'?

_?f wn k. vnw ~ , Un>=-'4,-,,..i_ o-- e-,-..k.,._,., "'"'¾,,;. .\:hol-- W:,.

- "" \,Jli,_, J.,,..,,lJ v,~ ""'°' ' b,+ .,.,""'::;j<- , o.-- =--~\ rn.....i.,~.
8
- What Practices does the Spam Act 2003 (Cth) make illegal?
'- 5,

~</i,,.,;~";'i<: t-//1,,,,1 If., "'4pJ<.J! an,._,+, Jk ~.J- ,..;.., I,,

.,__-ih>, e.hq_,f.- . 1/-

-'-==.::::::.:....!...:._~--=..;..;;:____i:;-=--='--.:;;,c__~
N't_ CtAJ s Nlr~j__ e,.,u.l ,e,.~~.

Prelimi nary Legal Studies

Page 18
Set 5
) / / 9. Identify the body responsible for enforcing the Spam Act 2003 (Cth).

.J, hthJr/.,1
I
l,,,,.,vnru.~ru /vkJr~ 4-tk>°{j {A-cM-A) ,~
J.

+~/h
t,r-

fc e,..b:-iv Au- «>03 g {0/iJ.

( 10. Do you think that spam is 'just annoying', or it does raise some serious legal issues?
Give reasons to support your point of view.

S~W"l ·Q no\- ;;~ (.,.f\0't:j'ZJ ·,} e,ot"\ htAvt. /~ . . l c.r. cL ~I

C.Oc-:>~~1JCl'l l -lt.5 • Sy21un U.f\ bL U,)U- }c 1lt~c...\ r..1r po.-e;:,, 'C,.r?h,~

:>uC.-k..c.¢

M."'1uc,.,<. , J u.\~ ~c..l '"for:"'-~ v-1'<!. p,,;mo""z, ii~ ~\ r ~

11. Read the following media release from the Australian Communications and Media
Authority (ACMA).

Optus fined $504K for spamming consumers

Singtel Optus has been fined $504,000 after an Australian Communications and Media
Authority (ACMA) investigatHJl'l uncovered a number of 'significant' spam law breaches.
It's the second largest sum paid to the ACMA for an infringement notice and the largest paid
for spamming, according to the Authority.
Optus sent SMS and email marketing messages to unsubscribed consumers between 1 June
and 4 December 2018, ACMA said.
The company also failed to include an 'unsubscribe' option in some of its billing notices,
ACMAfound.
ACMA Chair Nerida O'Loughlin said large e-marketers need to listen to consumers and
respect their decision to unsubscribe.
The fine "reflects the seriousness of breaches made by Optus and its failure to honour its
customers'.wishes to unsubscribe, in some cases on multiple occasions", O'Loughlin said.
"Australians find spam infuriating and as a regulator it is something we are actively cracking
down on."
Optus will complete a court-enforceable undertaking to ensure its future compliance with
the Spam Act, ACMA said.
"Specifically, Optus has committed to appoint an independent consultant to review its
systems, policies and procedures for compliance with spam rules," ACMA explained.
"The undertaking should significantly reduce the risk of ongoing non-compliance; however
the ACMA. will be actively monitoring Optus's compliance with its commitments" , '
O'Loughlm added.

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 19 Set 5

 O1 1
iver the last 18 months, businesses have paid a total .i, ' ~,., ' ' · -

~e ACMA for breaking spam and telemarketing laws. . . .

k civil penalty and/or mJunctlon
3reaching Australia's spam MA see a
. rules. can. see the ACt· accept a court-en1orceable undert.aking
from
.
the Federal Court.' give an infringement no . of up t o $2 ·1
ice, ay face penalties
cc. d
or issue a formal warning. Repeat corporate ouen ers m
million a day, ACMA warned.
.. I 1· ent/news/optus-fined-504k-for-
Source: https://www .technologydec1s1ons.com.au content 1t-managem
spamming-consumers-754015307
Date accessed: 2.6.2020

a) Why did ACMA claim Optus had sent spam to customers?

b) Why do businesses such as Optus send spam?

u<;:.m~ ""'~ ~::QO»:'!) 'eec~0-se,,. ·,.\- b CA. d--ef"-~ Mel

(@~ I.,.)~ \.o C... \~ V"h->Yn~ q}: <!..Q§9n&?~,

a) What penalties has Optus received for breaching the Spam Act? Are these penalties
adequate? Give reasons to support your opinion.

Pw,lb ,,ucl-. e<-,, b.,,"'.'.') r.:t: <\, 00 ':I, 000 o.fk k.,...d

Set 5
Preliminary Legal Studies Page 20
"'
1
t

Go to the e-learning site to access the Internet site to complete this activity.

r 1. Complete the on line quiz to see how cyber smart you already are.

2. Record your score in the quiz here: f /7

3. Note two points you learnt about how to use the Internet safely by completing this
quiz.
Her parents Tick and Kate .r,vca~u ..,_. _ .
about the proposed amendments and wanted the issue to oo •=-·· -
"No one should be abused or feel unsafe on!ine," Dolly's parents said in a statement.

"We need to educate everyone about how important it is to treat each other with respect.
"Laws about respect can have an impact if they are part of broader community education,
standards and behaviour change."
laws/l0 ~ ·• c.ne .au news 2018-10-07/onhne-trolls-and-cyberbullies-in-nsw-face-tougher-new-
Source: https·//www b t / / .
3482 6
Date accessed: 2.6.2020

1. Will increasing
reducing the of
the level penalties
cyb b for
II . indiv'd . cyberbullying be effective in
. I uals who engage m
view. er u ymg m our society? Give reasons to support your point of

.kl q--eµ;_,
, 1.,ar-l::.JII .
Q
'f"\~.. :1hg..
\\ Oef'C...\ b'S-6?
I
I I l
io"-IVl"-=k> wk

Prelimina ry Legal Studies

Page 24
Set S
 - - • .., lll~ e-1earnin .
g site access DVD
to comp/ t h.
View the Clickview DVD II , e e t 1s activity.
ca ed 'C b
select Chapter 5 to view th y er ~afe - ldentifyin an . .
(approximate runn· . e Chapter titled Cyber b d Combating cyber bullies' and
mg time of 4.15 minutes). u11Ymg, -cyber stalking and the /aw.

2. Cyber stalking is a form of -rf'~o\~,c.A\ assault.

3 · How do bullies stalk their victims online?

B0\h:e?> S9:D tz\-.\k_ :tl:wsc '11<-hm> or-.\t:o.e. ·'be, ~~v-,-!:J 11\.~ uf"\~

P:)<J:)~o...es~ QC: o:d-c I nee~~ ~CJ'~ 6C: f'\..Yn8"b c:;...~

::t:h&n ::>OC..:,CA\ ~~c,..! or ~.\-,~ {="'-«--.~½ bo lf""\~

cY: -~ -• ~-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4. List the form of cyber bullying which is considered a criminal act.

Page 25
Preliminary Legal Studies Set 5
 Exercise Seven
. b b k n and the maximum penalty
- 1. For each scenario, identify the laws which have een ro e
the court may impose on the offender.

Scenario Law/s which have been Possible penalties

broken
• Simon took a photo of his
17 year old girlfriend in
the shower and posted it
on Facebook after they
broke up.
• John has been using his
sister's email account to
send emails to Ben
threatening to bash him
if he comes to school.
• Billy has filmed a fight at
school between Ben and
Jack, which he has posted
on YouTube. (Note that
Billy lives in Queensland)

2. Why is it so difficult for the law to address the issue of cyber bullying? Give reasons to
support your point of view.

}oJ½ tr:: -Jk \~ \,,

I of\~

0-bo ~
~,

1 Jtl- \o
E ,.k\\~
fr:c0?, v"c.
f f'f,N).} (fa;;> CX..~
' f ~ ~ c.1d~'
(}Ati?s, c/' ..JOt1L_
J,,,
J;}~

•A- ~,U- Jue k f'1<Y'lk e,.,.L Ktjvl4-c,

3. Do you think that increasing penalties is the best way of dealing with cyber bullies?
Give reasons to support your point of view.

l
•;
I

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 30 Set 5

 considered to be 11anmu1 lv"" = ~ ~ -- 11
and to take that material down and to apologise, and mm ...... ·

that action." . d. sites that do not play ball.

But key to the new regime is the power to fine social me ta
d d has been lodged with that
The companies can be fined $17,000 for every day after a eman
company to take the offensive material down.
"I do know the large social media services were engaged in the consultation process in
drafting this legislation," Mr MacGibbon said.
"They do care about their end users, I think many of them will acknowledge that's been a
process they're improving."
Mr MacGibbon believes there may be more people out there being bullied who do not report,
and the new system will at least give them better avenues to pursue their bullies.

"This is always the vexed question when you've created a front door, and make it a very well-
lit front door and ask people to come to you," Mr MacGibbon said.

"I suspect what we'll see is that people are already making complaints, to their school, to
other people around them, to police and that in time we'll increasingly have those people
come to us in the first instance."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-19/childrens-e-safety-commissioner-to-fine-social-media-

sites/6332854
Date accessed: 21.5.15

a) Why has the Federal government appointed a Children's e-safety commissioner?

ib.?: L \ <eoJ&'o~J. h_c,.~ v-1£?:FO:~ ..... ,, '

\.....,I"\\\~~ ~~::::--16

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 32 Set 5

I
L
V
b) What action can the e-safety commissioner take to protect children from cyber
bullying?

1k lh\~> e,- ~ cR-1'!!'~~ ~Y"\ ln\/V>~~~ ~t.c

~Q) °'~ o--\m&,, ~~"" "I'::, k fh-\~ CAO

'fro~ ~:Wes,.-{. cM, ~ \-o '1(\b ~\'tl_

u,.,-, 'b<-~~ c:.c,..L. , ~ -\.o
~\.-_ to

c) Explain how the issues raised in this media article relate to the following theme of
the Legal Studies course:

• effectiveness of legal mechanisms for achieving justice for individuals and

society

it-:: ·•~e... ct:'~\.... 'I'<\. _.\,\....'b ~c... -b -\-k_

~t ltlt'\ b\vb @•~ ,~ ·,\- f{:, °" ~' 00 e.J--~
0-Cbxew.. ¥• \0<h'J'4\2. k
F fv(\~
C!J..r-- ~'{>

h,J.l, 2)cyl,,\ Mt'..-¢,,C:-, __1~--- CAl.l.b,J1v~t..\k, ~bJ~

()\I\L. .eJ'lo..>~ P ~-·-·-·~Ur::£> \-o ~b

Preliminary Legal StudiP~

 exercise Eight
"-~.·,•
,.,-
.~
canva s
I
, -- ,
Go to the e-Jearning site access the websites to complete this activity.
--.._ - - -
There are numerous organisations attempting to address the issue of cyber bullying.
In this activity you will select one of these organisations to find out about the information
_they o~ r to individuals who·are concerned about cyber bullying.

Instructions: For your chosen website, answer the following questions.

a) Address of website:

b) Name of organisation which 'owns' this website:

..Avt>~lilAn Lluc~-6,.., AJkc.<1¼/Ih-L '&\--~ o,9: Gvi2m~l un¢.

c) Is this organisation a government or a non-government body?

y
,,

e) Who ;5 the target audience of t he website? (i.e. is it aimed at parents, teena~ers etc?)
I

f
 .J_

1
f) ·th-cy6er bullylng.
List five tips this site offers about how to de~ I wi

g) List three websites this site has links to.

- 'bl,,.\..--\- \-\Jo

- h) Give this website a score ~~1 - 5 (with 5being the highest) in terms of how effective
it is in terms of:
• presenting its information in an interesting way
• providing useful advice
• keeping your attention.

Score:~

Would y'ji recommend that your friends visit this website to find out about cyber bullying?
'IJlfDy/why ot?

1k

This exercise comp(eted your Legal Studies work for this week. Return your completed
worksheets to y~ur tea~~e~ for com_ment. Also chFck that you have completed all of the
required e-learnmg act1v1t1es for this week.

Preliminary Legal Studies Page 36

L
Set 5