3 1 Hanggang 5

RAMON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Oscariz, Ramon, Isabela

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
A. Background of the Study
Drug is any substance that is when absorbed by a living organism may modify
one or more of its psychological function. Globally and regionally, drug is an ever-
expanding problem and a threat to every human life.
Drug addiction is one of the most significant issues confronting people of all
ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, geographic regions, educational levels, and
ethnic or racial identities. But what causes drug addiction? Theories abound from
peer-pressure and dysfunctional home. Other variables such as trauma, stress
alleviation, sadness, and curiosity can all contribute to drug addiction. Youths are
being addicted to drugs due to the sanctuary and joy they grant. Forgetting family
problems temporarily can also be one causes of drug addiction among individual.
Addiction to drugs has always been prevalent in societies since the dawn of
civilization. To counteract this, drug awareness and other drug deterrents emerged.
Two of the most effective deterrents in detecting and preventing drug addiction that
are utilize by individuals nowadays are drug awareness and drug education.
Being addicted to drugs is a preventable disease. Results from a research
have shown that prevention programs that involves families, schools, communities,
and the media are effective in reducing drug abuse. President Duterte has also a
drug policy called “Laban Kontra Droga” that truly help many Filipinos. The legal
foundation of war on drugs can be traced back to the Section 16 of Republic Act (RA)
No. 7160, also known as the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991. Section 16
states that local government shall exercise both explicit and implied power to
promote general welfare including the improvement of ‘public morals’ such as drug
free communities. Statistics result shown that from July 1 to August 30, 2016 there
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are 626,368 (97.84 %) drug user and pushers estimated that surrendered
themselves to the authorities (Belonio, 2017). Hence, war on drugs of President
Rodrigo R. Duterte is widely recognized as his greatest significant accomplishment
during his administration.
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165,
under this Act, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) remains as the policy making and
strategy formulating body in planning and formulation of policies and program on
drug prevention and control. In connection therewith, ‘Barkada Kontra Droga’ (BKD)
is hereby institutionalized.
Disturbingly high levels of illicit drugs use remain a problem among young
adults specifically, the students at present. With this, the Department of Education
strengthen the awareness and preventive measures in the school by implementing
‘Barkada Kontra Droga’ (BKD). It is a peer group to organize and provide support to
school activities that promote awareness and intervention to drug abuse and its
related issues. This group also supports the projects of the community and its local
government with the same objective.
School had been very supportive of the government’s anti-drug effort since it
is the institution that teaches the youth of creating and developing healthy outlooks
and lifestyle. Nonetheless, despite all efforts, some issues still seem to arise.
To be specific, the researchers aim to identify the drug prevention and control
conducted in a community and to recognize the level of awareness of the
respondents regarding the dangers of drug addiction. Future discoveries could be
extremely beneficial to young people who are concerned in drugs. This reinforced the
researchers' eagerness to pursue this study.
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B. Research Questions
The study entitled “LABAN KONTRA DROGA: Awareness of Drug
Addiction among Senior High School Students of Ramon National High
School” aims to find the level of awareness of the respondents regarding the
dangers of drug addiction. Furthermore, this study seeks to find out the drug
prevention and control conducted in a community.
Five main research questions are formulated based on the previously stated
aims:
1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of:
a. age;
b. gender; and
c. year level
2. What are the drug abuse prevention and control programs conducted in the
community?
3. What is the level of awareness of the senior high students regarding the
dangers of drug addiction?
4. Is there a significant relationship on the level of awareness on the dangers of
drug addiction of the students and the age and year level?
5. Is there a significant difference on the students’ level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction when grouped according to gender?
C. Scope and Delimitation
This study focused on the identification of respondents’ level of awareness
regarding the dangers of drug addiction. This quantitative study is also centered to
know the drug abuse prevention and control conducted in a community. Lastly, to
identify the significant relationship on the levels of awareness on the dangers of drug
addiction of the students and the age and year level. And the difference on the
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students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction when grouped
according to gender. The target respondents would be Senior High School students
of Ramon National High School. This study will take place throughout the 2019-2020
academic year.
D. Benefits and Beneficiaries of Research
The purpose of this study was to gather reliable data on students' awareness
of the dangers of drug addiction. Considering drug awareness is one of the most
effective counter measures in avoiding youth drug abuse.
Hence, it has the possibility to provide major benefits to the following groups.
Students. This study is beneficial to students who are concerned about drug
addiction. This will assist students in avoiding the use of narcotics and lowering their
chance of developing a drug abuse issue later in life.
Parents. This quantitative study can help parents who were worried to their
children about drugs. The parents will be informed about the different drug abuse
preventive measures and steps in helping their children resist the pressure of using
addictive drugs.
Teachers. This study is significant to the student’s second mother. To help
teachers on the effective prevention and control they will perform regarding drug
addiction. Within this measure, their students can gain and develop a better sense of
drug awareness.
Friends. This study is significant to the friend or peers of an individual. To
informed fellow youths on the consequences of using drugs and help the individual to
make healthy choices in life.
Researchers. The study's findings will benefit the researchers as they'll be
informed about the consequences and most effective countermeasures in drug
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addiction. They will indeed be able to help other people who have insufficient
understanding regarding the consequences in abusing addictive drugs.
Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers,
particularly those who aim to do a study similar to the current one, because it will
guide them through key steps that they will go through when doing a certain study.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This study aims to find the level of awareness of the senior high students
regarding the dangers of drug addiction. This related studies and literatures will
provide an overview of the major topic which is combatting drug addiction with the
use of preventive measures and drug awareness. The objective of this literature
review is to present valid information and explore what previous studies have been
done in this area.
A. Review of Literature
1. Drug abuse prevention and control in the community
As for Murray (2019), teen substance abuse is problematic for several
reasons. Teens are still developing important life skills, their identity, likes, and
dislikes. If teens begin experimenting with drugs to fit in or gain friends, they can
unknowingly set themselves up for a potentially life-threatening habit, making
prevention critical.
They also stated that, providing a firm foundation and clear ideas on the
damage addiction can cause its critical to teenage substance abuse prevention
efforts. The goal of prevention is to attempt to stop someone from partaking in a
harmful action that has substantial consequences before those consequences occur.
In the case of teenage substance abuse, this can range from stopping them from
taking drinks of alcohol, to more dangerous drugs like cocaine or fentanyl.
1.1 Family- based prevention and control
According to Murray (2019), prevention of drug and alcohol abuse can start
at home. Parents can talk to their children and explain the consequences of drug and
alcohol abuse. Specifically talking to children while they are young can create a
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strong foundation for awareness of drug use. This helps parents positively influence
their children, while teaching their children about boundaries.
Furthermore, in teaching boundaries, parents help children to understand
when to deny something that can hurt them, while controlling the dynamic of an
unhealthy request. Prevention talks also create deeper bonds and guidance between
children and parents. Parents can establish consistency in communication, as well as
guidance that can be followed for years. Preventative conversations can lead
adolescents to strengthen trust with their parents, and make wise decisions with their
habits, friends, interests, and influences.
1.2 School based prevention program
As reported by Zimmerman (2019), there are number of community-based
prevention programs and classes that aim to educate children and families about the
harms of substance abuse. Schools began introducing substance abuse oriented
classes for their students in grades as low as pre-school. The inclusion of prevention
studies into classroom curriculums at a young age have been shown to help in
breaking early behaviors that could be a signs of drug abuse in the future. Around
40% of children have tried alcohol by the time that they are ten years old. There are
organizations that educates, advocates, and collaborates to reduce drug and alcohol
problems in the state.
2. Level of awareness regarding the dangers of drug addiction
According to Giblock (2015), teen’s decision to experiment with drugs is often
a perfect storm of these various factors. But in some cases, even the least likely of
teens will dive into drug use, simply for the thrill or to stoke their curiosity. One night
of “trying something new” can potentially trigger a lifetime of problems.
Drugs can destroy a life, making short order of it in many cases. The harder
the drug and the longer your teen abuses it, the more extensive the risks. There is no
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simple drug problem. Even the “lesser” drugs carry a serious weight and can have a
domino effect in many areas of your teen’s life. Young people may feel invincible and
immune to the dangers of substance use.
Giblock (2015), revealed some risks of teen drug use.
 Serious illness or injury
 Suspension or expulsion from school
 Being fired from jobs and having trouble getting hired in the future
 Losing friends and excommunication from family
 Going broke and getting deep in debt
 Birth defects in cases of pregnancy
 Overdose and Death
These things happen to teens and pre-teens each and every day.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020) also revealed their conclusion, that
men are more likely than women to use almost all types of illicit drugs. For most age
groups, men have higher rates of use or dependence on illicit drugs and alcohol than
do women. However, women are just as likely as men to develop a substance use
disorder. In addition, women may be more susceptible to craving and relapse which
are key phases of the addiction cycle.
With regards to age, Miller (2018) discussed, that the main focus of
substance abuse education is teaching individuals about drug and alcohol abuse and
how to avoid, stop, or get help for substance use disorders- and this can begin at a
young age. Education can start with parents educating their children, and in primary
school programming designed to increased knowledge about substance abuse and
the associated risks.
As connected to the cited article above, Mediashrinx (2019), stated that drug
abuse awareness is an understanding of:
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 what exactly substance abuse is
 what substance abuse does and what the risks are
 how substance abuse can lead to the development of an addiction
 how to recognize warning signs of addiction
 what kinds of consequences addiction can have
 what to do and how to help if a friend or a family member has an addiction
This subset of substance abuse education benefits everyone, but instilling a
sense of drug abuse awareness in children in particular drastically reduces the
chances that they try drugs at all. Additionally, helping teens to better understand the
full impact of drug use can lower their risk of addiction as well as give them
information to share with friends and family.
B. Related Studies
1. Drug abuse prevention and control conducted in the community
According to Filho (2015), the 16 participants of the study “Perceptions on
Adolescence Students about Drugs” reported that idleness is the result of the limited
availability of sports and leisure and socio-cultural activities in the neighborhood.
They also cited the importance of early insertion into the labor market, to prevent
idleness among teens. As in other studies, the need for educational work in school,
teacher training, parental supervision and increased public security were cited as
measures to prevent drug abuse.
It is therefore necessary that educational measures such as implementation
and fulfillment of government actions such as the School Health Program (PSE) of
the Ministry of Health be implemented as strategies to meet and work on prevention
and reduction of use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in the school context. The
program cited above includes actions to promote health and teacher training.
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1.1 Family- based prevention and control
As what Filho (2015) said, parents' attitudes towards drugs and their effects
on the family are of utmost importance. In this study, it was observed that while some
parents exercise their roles as caretakers and protectors, others behave to the
contrary, trivializing the subject, using drugs, and even allowing their children to
purchase cigarettes and alcohol.
Parental supervision is important in the everyday life of adolescents. Common
practices such as family gatherings for discussion of events and family leisure brings
people together and strengthen bonds of friendship, respect and safety in the home
environment. It is important that parents and/or guardians monitor their children's
routines, care about their habits, monitor their day-to-day life, and do not allow free
time to result in idleness. Negligence by parents may stimulate greater drug use in
their children while support, monitoring, and direct involvement can lower rates of
use. Therefore, it is necessary that projects for drug abuse prevention be extended to
parents, and guaranteed in academic planning.
1.2 School based prevention program
As stated to the recent study of Mirza (2016), entitled “Drug Awareness and
Perception Survey: 2016” Collin is committed to keeping its environment drug-free,
and as part of its commitment to educate students, it has a number of programs in
place. Awareness of these programs was assessed through the question, “Which
activities on campus are you aware of that to address drug use and abuse?” This
was followed by a list of seven resources activities: “Counselling and Resources,”
“Educational Materials,” “Online Screening for Mental Health 101,” “Special
Presentations’” “Special Exhibitions,” and “Referral Information”.
Nearly 60 percent of students indicated that they were aware of “Counselling
and Resources” trailed by 41 percent for “Educational Materials” and “Student Health
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101”. Twenty-eight percent of respondents acknowledged that they were not aware of
any activities, this underscores the necessity of directing more efforts toward
publicizing the available resources and services at the same time exploring new
ways to improve awareness, and to reach out to students
2. Level of awareness regarding the dangers of drug addiction
As revealed to the study of Mirza (2016), entitled “Drug Awareness and
Perception Survey: 2016” heroine was rated “Extremely Dangerous” by over 90
percent of respondents followed by crack (84 percent), cocaine (77 percent) and LSD
(63 percent). In contrast, only 21 percent of respondents rated alcohol as “Extremely
Dangerous.” Twenty-six percent of respondents regarded marijuana as “Extremely
Dangerous,” interestingly, nearly the same percentage of respondents (27 percent)
also rated it as “Not Dangerous”. The means were computed on a five-point scale
where higher mean score indicates higher perceived danger regarding a substance.
Heroin received the highest mean rating of 4.9 and Marijuana the lowest (3.0).
The recent study of Ahmad (2015) entitled “Awareness of Drug Addiction
among College Students of Kashmir Valey” revealed the perception of college
students on the dangers of effects of drug addiction. 21.5% believe that effect of drug
is loss of health, 25% believe that loss of social status, 20.5% believe that loss of
wealth and majority of female respondents (33%) believe that all the three reasons
are the effect of drug/ smoking. Further in the case of students studying in male
courses 16% believe that effect of drug is loss of health, 14% believe that loss of
social status, 13% believe that loss of wealth and majority of male respondents
(57%) believe that all the three reasons are the effect of drug/ smoking.
With regards to year level, Brankovic et. al (2015), in their study entitled
“Awareness and Attitude of Secondary School Student about drug use” it was
indicated that 32 (73.72%) students from the third and 40 (78.43%) of the final year
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of medical school in Central Lake are familiar with the concept of drug abuse, there is
no statistically significant difference in the attitude of the third and fourth grade.
C. Conceptual Framework
The given concept and theories below are related to the study of the
researchers regarding the students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug
addiction.
Drug addiction has always been common in societies since dawn of
civilization. What causes drug addiction though? Theories abound from peer-
pressure and dysfunctional home. Drug addiction can also be caused by other
factors such as trauma, stress relief, depression and curiosity. Youths are being
addicted to drugs due to the sanctuary and joy they grant. Forgetting family problems
temporarily can also one causes of drug addiction among individual.
Mayo Clinic Staff (2017) stated that, dependence on drugs can create a
number of dangerous and damaging complications, including:
Getting a communicable disease. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely
to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing
needles.
Other health problems. Drug addiction can lead to a range of both short-term and
long-term mental and physical health problems. These depend on what drug is taken.
Accidents. People who are addicted to drugs are more likely to drive or do other
dangerous activities while under the influence.
Suicide. People who are addicted to drugs die by suicide more often than people who
aren't addicted.
Family problems. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and
custody issues.
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Problems at school. Drug use can negatively affect academic performance and
motivation to excel in school.
Financial problems. Spending money to support drug use takes away money from
other needs, could lead to debt, and can lead to illegal or unethical behaviors.
In every problem there is a solution or preventive measures on how to avoid a
dangerous activity. Addiction treatment can be difficult, but it is effective. The best
form of treatment depends on the substance and the presentation of the addiction,
which varies from person to person. However, treatment often involves counseling,
medication, and community support
One way that addiction and substance abuse can be prevented is through
screening and early intervention. Prevention must begin during childhood and extend
into later adolescence. Despite the benefits and availability of screening and early
intervention tools, too few health professionals, school personnel, and social service
providers routinely screen for tobacco/nicotine, alcohol and other drug use (Saripalli,
2018).
In order to solve temporarily the problem about drug addiction on teens, drug
awareness and drug education should be highly increased. Mediashrinx (2019)
expressed an idea that when increasing drug abuse awareness, it’s important to
gather and share information about all kinds of drugs, regardless of what the
perceived risk of addiction is. Some people believe that heroin and cocaine are more
addictive with more serious consequences, but the truth is that drugs like marijuana
can be just as addictive and just as dangerous. It is important for people of all ages
recognize the potential damage that any drug can cause not only to the body but also
to the mind.
Outside of teaching the basics, substance abuse education can also provide
information on what to do and how to show support when a friend or family member
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is going through rehabilitation. Additionally, substance abuse education may also
provide information about addiction treatment, what it entails, and what the potential
outcomes are to prepare everyone involved in the recovery process.
Effective drug education is important because young people are faced with
many influences to use both licit and illicit drugs. Education can play a
counterbalancing role in shaping a normative culture of safety, moderation, and
informed decision making.
With the concepts that some expertise presented, the researchers wants to
determine the level of drug awareness and education among the respondents. In
order to identify the respondent’s sense of awareness, the research is to probe into
school situation and the drug abuse prevention and control experienced by the
students.
D. Research Paradigm
The entire discussion and analysis of this study were introduced through an
illustration below.
Output
1. The perception of
the respondents on the
importance of drug
awareness in
combatting drug
addiction
2. Drug abuse
Input Process prevention and control
1. Profile of the 1. Survey conducted in a
respondents 2. Sampling community
a. Age 3. Numerical Data 3. Relationship on the
b. Gender Analysis levels of awareness on
the dangers of drug
c. Year level addiction of the
students and age and
year level
4. Difference on the
students’ level of
awareness on the
dangers of drug
addiction when
grouped according to
gender
FEEDBACK
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Figure 1
Research Paradigm
The Research Paradigm on the entire discussion summarized the idea
contain in the model. The input will be the profile of the respondents which include
age, gender and year level. The process of the study will be numerical data analysis
and a survey to accumulate all the data needed for interpretation. Lastly, the output
shows the perception of the respondents on the importance of drug awareness in
combatting drug addiction, identification of the drug abuse prevention and control
conducted in a community, and know the relationship on the levels of awareness on
the dangers of drug addiction of the students and age and year level and
distinguishing the difference on the students’ level of awareness regarding the
dangers of drug addiction when grouped according to gender.
E. Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined in the context was used in the study.
Drug (n.). It is a medicine or other substance which has a psychological effect
when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body (Murray, 2015). In this study, it
is any substance that causes change in an organism’s physiology or psychology
when consumed. Drug intake cause either risk or a remedy for illness.
Drug Addiction (n.). It is a complex brain disease characterized by compulsive
uncontrollable drug craving that persist even when knowing the extremely negative
consequences (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). In this study it is called
substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person’s brain and behavior and
leads to an inability to control the use of legal and illegal drug or medication.
Drug Awareness (n.). It is a strategy of targeting modifiable risk factors
through family, community and school prevention programs (National Institute on
Drug Abuse, 2020). In this study it is one of the most powerful deterrents in
combatting drug addiction or drug abuse.
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Drug Education (n.). It is the planned provision of information, resources and
skills relevant to living in a world where psychoactive substances are widely available
and commonly used for a variety of both medical and non-medical purposes, some of
which may lead to harms such as overdose, injury and infectious disease (National
Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). In this study it is an important tool in helping youths
to prevent abusing addictive drugs.
Illicit Drugs (n.). It is substances that either stimulate (such as cocaine or
amphetamines) or inhibit (such as heroin or sedative hypnotics), the central nervous
system or cause hallucinogens effects (such as marijuana or LSD) to the effect that
their used has been prohibited globally (International Encyclopedia of the Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 2001). In this study it refers to the highly addictive and illegal
substances such as heroin, marijuana, and meth.
F. Research Hypotheses
The hypotheses to be tested by the researchers in this study are the
following.
1. There is no significant relationship between the level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction of the students and age and year level.
2. There is no significant difference on the students’ level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction when grouped according to gender.
G. Synthesis of the Study
Drug use has been and continues to be an ongoing problem with no
permanent solution but has measures and control for prevention. As for Murray
(2019), prevention of drug and alcohol abuse can start at home. Parents can talk to
their children and explain the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse. Specifically
talking to children while they are young can create a strong foundation for awareness
16
of drug use. This helps parents positively influence their children, while teaching their
children about boundaries.
Similar to the study expressed by Filho (2015), it is important that parents
and/or guardians monitor their children's routines, care about their habits, monitor
their day-to-day life, and do not allow free time to result in idleness. Negligence by
parents may stimulate greater drug use in their children while support, monitoring,
and direct involvement can lower rates of use.
Aside from parental supervision, community prevention programs are also
effective in preventing drug abuse. As revealed by Murray (2019), there are
governmental agencies, community leaders, and school personnel that attempt to
teach children about living a drug-free life. Much of this is to prevent teen drug abuse
before they reach adulthood or go into the real world. Also, drug addiction is one of
the most pressing concerns of school-based programs. According to Zimmerman
(2019), there are number of community-based prevention programs and classes that
aim to educate children and families about the harms of substance abuse. Schools
began introducing substance abuse oriented classes for their students in grades as
low as pre-school, wherein it is conducted to expand and strengthen the drug
awareness and prevention of the youths. This study is similar to the cited articles in
such a way that the current study looks for the same concept and programs
pertaining to drug abuse prevention and control conducted in a certain area.
The recent study of Ahmad (2015) entitled “Awareness of Drug Addiction
among College Students of Kashmir Valey (2015) exposed the perception of the
college students on the dangers of drug addiction, loss of health, loss of social status
and loss of wealth are the dangerous and damaging effects of drug addiction. The
stated article has a difference on the present study when compared to groups of
respondents and geographic area. The respondents of the cited article are the
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college students of Kashmir Valey while the respondents of this study are the Senior
High School students of Ramon National High School.
In order to solve temporarily the problem of drug addiction, drug awareness
and education come out. Mediashrinx (2019) revealed, substance abuse education
benefits everyone, but instilling a sense of drug abuse awareness in children in
particular drastically reduces the chances that they try drugs at all. Additionally,
helping teens to better understand the full impact of drug use can lower their risk of
addiction as well as give them information to share with friends and family. The level
of drug awareness in children stated has similar concept on the current study, were
drug awareness is considered as one of the most powerful tool in fighting the
increasing problem regarding drug addiction.
However, all of the statement cited in the literature and studies has its own
perspectives when compared to the present study. The old and the present studies
have a part of similar faces yet they are differing from each other when compared to
the setting and the number of respondents.
Hence, the above literature and studies can be used as a guide in conducting
the study. It may compare and combined to develop a new theory, for each stated
literature and studies to be more credible and effective.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the methodology that was employed to carry out this
study. It included the research design, sampling procedure and sample, the
procedure used to collect the necessary data, and the plans for data analysis. This
demonstrated how the researchers obtained the essential data for this study, as well
as how these data were evaluated, interpreted, and presented in the simplest way
possible.
A. Research Design
According to McCombes (2019), descriptive research design aims to
accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. Since
this study aims to know the level of awareness of Senior High School students
regarding the dangers of drug addiction, the descriptive research design was applied.
McCombes (2019) also added that, descriptive research design is an appropriate
choice when the research aims are to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends,
correlations and categories.
Furthermore, the descriptive research methods used is survey research that
allows the researchers to gather data that can be analyzed for frequencies, averages
and patterns. On the other hand, it is also a correlational research for it identifies the
relation of the students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction and the
profile of the respondents.
B. Sampling Procedure and Sample
The respondents of the study are the Senior High School students of Ramon
National High School, academic year 2019-2020. The total population of grade 11
and 12 computed is 273 wherein the researchers used stratified sampling in
choosing the respondents. Within this, the researchers used the Slovin’s Formula
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with 0.05 level of significance to formulate the total number of respondents from the
four sections of grade 11 as well as the grade 12.
N 273
n= 2
n=
1+ N e 1+(273)(0.05¿¿ 2)¿
273
n=
1+273 ( 0.0025 )
N - total population
273
n – total sample of population n=
1+0.5
e – margin of error 273
n=
1.5
n=163
The following table shows the frequency and percent distribution of the
participants of the study according to their grade level and section.
Table 1
Participants of the Study
Grade Frequency Percentage
11- Matthew 21 12.88
11- John 20 12.27
11- Luke 20 12.27
11- Mark 20 12.27
12- Hope 21 12.88
12- Faith 21 12.88
12- Wisdom 20 12.27
12- Charity 20 12.27
Total 163 100
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C. Data Gathering Methods
The questionnaire was prepared by the researchers to be utilized as the
instrument for gathering information from respondents. The survey questionnaire
includes important questions that can aid in answering the study's concerns, such as
respondents' level of awareness about the dangers of drug addiction. It also contains
the respondents' profile or personal details, as well as statements to which they must
respond.
Respondents will make a check mark on how frequently the respondents
experienced the drugs community measures on the first group of questions, which
comprises the drug abuse prevention and control practices undertaken in a
community, using the following scale: (1) Never (2) Rarely (3) Sometimes (4)
Very Often (5) Always. The second series of questions is all about respondents' level
of awareness of the dangers of drug addiction, which they will grade using the
following scale: (1) Not at all aware (2) Slightly aware (3) Somewhat aware (4)
Moderate aware (5) Extremely aware. The questionnaire's goal is to answer the
study's specific questions.
D. Data Gathering Procedure
The questionnaires created by the researchers were constructed to collect
data in this study. In order to perform this study, the researchers followed a set of
procedures.
1. Assessing the respondent's brief background. The researchers' first objective
is to use the Slovin's Formula to determine who and how many respondents
there are.
2. Writing a letter of approval or consent. The researchers obtained permission
from the school principal as well as the research teacher to conduct a survey
among Senior High students as part of the researchers' study.
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3. Get the necessary instrument ready. Before conducting the survey, the
researchers developed a printed questionnaire with a set of questions relating
to the current study objective.
4. Prior to acquiring data. The researchers presented themselves to the
respondents and discussed the subject matter with them so that they were
informed of it.
5. Begin the collecting of data. The questionnaires were given to the
respondents, who had a few minutes to fill them out. The researchers gently
remind the respondents that they will respond promptly if specific concerns
arise.
6. Expressing gratitude to the respondents. After collecting all of the
questionnaires, the researchers thanked the respondents and assured them
that their identities and private details would be kept confidential.
7. Checking the information gathered. Before leaving the location where the
study was taken, the researchers ensured that all items had been filled and
that no blanks left.
8. Organizing the data that has been gathered. Researchers organize data that
has been collected in preparation for statistical analysis.
E. Plans for Data Analysis
The data examination strategy used fully assured that the information and
validity of investigation was carefully comprehended. The researchers used of
Statistical Product and Services Solution 16.0 trial version (SPSS) in computing and
interpreting data. The SPSS is the most known program for statistical analysis that
can help researchers to manipulate data with the simple instruction.
The data study used the frequency counts and percent distribution to determine
the level of awareness of the senior high students regarding drugs. To test the
22
hypotheses of the study, the SPSS 16.0 trial version was used at 0.05 level of
significance. Also, the Pearson r was used to see if significant relationship occurs
among the variables.
1. Mean
To analyze the mean of the respondents, the succeeding interpretation
was used.
Qualitative Description Unweighted Category mean
1-1.40 Never/ Not at all Aware
1.41-2.40 Rarely/ Slightly Aware
2.41-3.40 Sometimes/ Somewhat Aware
3.41-4.40 Often/ Moderate Aware
4.41 and above Always/Extremely Aware
2. Correlational Coefficient
To test the relationship between the profile of the respondents and their
level of awareness regarding drugs, the succeeding interpretation was used.
Value of r Perfect Correlation
±1 Perfect Correlation
±.80≤r±≥.99 High Correlation
±.60≤r±≥.79 Moderate High Correlation
±.40≤r±≥.59 Moderate Correlation
±.20≤r±≥.39 Low Correlation
±.01≤r±≥.19 Negligible Correlation
0 No Correlation
23
Furthermore, the t-test were also used to determine the significant difference
on the students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction when grouped
according to age
24
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered from
respondents through questionnaires. The collected data was presented in textual and
tabular formats to provide light on the problem that the study intend to address.
A. Profile of the Respondents
1. Age
The succeeding table reveals the frequency and percent distribution of the
respondents according to age.
Table 2
Age
Age Frequency Percent (%)
14-15 5 3.1
16-17 108 66.3
18 and above 50 30.7
Total 163 100
As shown in the table, among 163 respondents from the senior high students
of Ramon National High School, 16-17, got the highest frequency of 108 with a
percentage of 66.3. Five of the respondents with 3.1% are aged 14-15 while 50
(30.7) are aged 18 and above. Thus, the population of the senior high students of
Ramon National High School are mostly composed of students aged 16-17.
2. Gender
respondents according to gender.
25
Table 3
Gender
Gender Frequency Percent (%)
Male 66 40.5
Female 97 59.5
Total 163 100
As shown in the above table, 66 (40.5) among the participants of the study
are found to be male. On the other hand, the number of female respondents is 97
(59.5). Therefore, female students are more dominant than male among the
respondents.
3. Year Level
respondents according to year level.
Table 4
Year Level
Year Level Frequency Percent (%)
Grade 11 81 49.7
Grade 12 82 50.3
Total 163 100
The table above shows the year level of the respondents. The total participants
of Grade 11 are 81 (49.7%). While 82 (50.3%) among the participants of the study
are identified as Grade 12. Therefore, Grade 12 participants surpassed the number
of Grade 11 respondents.
B. Drug abuse Prevention and Control programs conducted in the Community
respondents with regards on their experienced and observed drug abuse prevention
and control programs in their community.
Table 5
26
Drug abuse Prevention and Control Programs conducted in a Community
Sometimes
Interpret
Always
Rarely
Often
Never
Mean
Rank
Category f % f % f % f % f %
1.Family-based
6 3.7 8 4.9 55 33.7 40 24.5 46 28.2 3.72 D 1
Prevention and Control
2. Community
Prevention Programs
(Example: Drug and 12 7.4 19 11.7 59 36.2 41 25.2 28 17.5 3.34 C 5
Alcohol Symposium and
Anti-drugs campaign)
3. Community Rules
and Regulations (refers
to the restriction on the
availability of legal 5 3.1 15 9.2 65 39.5 40 24.5 37 22.7 3.55 D 3
abusable products in
homes, retail stores and
schools)
4. Anti- drugs Norms
(refers to the level of
concern among
retailers, families and
school officials about
10 6.1 17 10.4 59 36.2 47 28.8 30 18.4 3.43 D 4
the use of inhalants and
other harmful legal
products and support
for local actions drug
abuse)
5. Prevention Education
(refers to the school-
based prevention
programs, it includes
school organizations or 5 3.1 15 9.2 55 33.7 42 25.8 46 28.2 3.67 D 2
clubs and orientation
discussing harmful
effects of drugs when
ingested into the body)
Overall Mean 3.542 D
Never); B (Rarely); C (Sometimes); D (Often); E (Always)
The table above shows the tallied ratings of the respondents regarding drug
prevention and control conducted at participant’s community.
27
As seen in the table 46 (28.2%) of the respondents are always experiencing
Family-based Prevention and Control, 40 (24.5%) often, 55 (33.7%) sometimes, 8
(4.9%) rarely and 6 (3.7%) never experience this kind of drug prevention and control
around their community. This statement has a mean value of 3.72, which means that
the respondents often experienced the said drug community action.
Prevention Education (refers to the school-based prevention programs, it
includes school organizations or clubs and orientation discussing harmful effects of
drugs when ingested into the body) is the second drug prevention and control that
has most dominant responses, 46 (28.2%) are always experiencing the stated drug
community action, 42 (25.8%) often, 55 (33.7) sometimes and 15 (9.2%) rarely. In
this statement it has only 5 (3.1%) who never experienced this kind of drug
prevention and control. The statement has a mean value of 3.67, meaning that the
respondents often experienced or observed the stated drug prevention and control.
Another drug prevention and control named, Community Rules and
Regulations (refers to the restriction on the availability of legal abusable products in
homes, retail stores and schools) got a 37 (22.7%) respondents who answered
always, which means that the respondents always experienced the given community
action, 42 (24.5%) often, 65 (39.5%) sometimes, 15 (9.2%) rarely and 5 (3.1%)
among the participants identified this kind of drug prevention and control as the never
experience or observe one. It has an indicated mean of 3.55, which means that they
often experienced or observed the given community actions regarding drugs.
The fourth statement is, Anti-Drugs Norms (refers to the level of concern
among retailers, families and school officials about the use of inhalants and other
harmful legal products and support for local actions drug abuse), it got a total of 30
(18.4%) responses which means that they always experienced this norm, 47 (28.8%)
often, 59 (36.2%) sometimes, 17 (10.4%) rarely while 10 (6.1) are never experiencing
28
this kind of drug prevention and control. This statement has a mean value of 3.43,
which means that the respondents are often experienced the said drug community
action.
Lastly, Community Prevention Programs (Example: Drug and Alcohol
Symposium and Anti-drugs campaign), 28 (17.5%) of the respondents marked this as
always experienced drug control around the community, 41 (25.2%) often, 59
(36.2%) sometimes, 19 (11.7%) rarely while 12 (7.4%) of the total respondents
denotes that they never experienced this kind of drug prevention and control. This
statement has a computed mean of 3.34, meaning that the respondents experienced
the given community action sometimes.
In conclusion, almost all the given drug prevention and control received the
same interpretation of very often, it denotes that all of the respondents experienced
the given community actions often.
Family-based Prevention and Control has the highest mean of 3.72 which
means that it is the most experienced drug prevention and control conducted around
the community. On the other hand, Community Prevention Programs got the lowest
ratings of 3.34 wherein it is indicated that respondents’ least experience this kind of
drug prevention and control. In addition, the drug prevention and control conducted in
a community that experienced by the respondents has an overall mean of 3.542.
Based on the means of all statements, senior high students are often experiencing
the five stated drug prevention and control.
Similar to the view expressed by Murray (2019), prevention of drug and
alcohol abuse can start at home. Parents can talk to their children and explain the
consequences of drug and alcohol abuse. Specifically talking to children while they
are young can create a strong foundation for awareness of drug use. This helps
29
parents positively influence their children, while teaching their children about
boundaries.
Furthermore, in teaching boundaries, parents help children to understand
when to deny something that can hurt them, while controlling the dynamic of an
unhealthy request. Prevention talks also create deeper bonds and guidance between
children and parents. Parents can establish consistency in communication, as well as
guidance that can be followed for years. Preventative conversations can lead the
adolescent to strengthen trust with their parent, and make wise decisions with habits,
friends, interests, and influences.
C. Respondents Level of Drug Awareness Regarding the Dangers of Drug
Addiction
respondents according to their level of awareness regarding the dangers of drug
addiction.
30
Table 6
Level of Awareness of the Respondents Regarding the Dangers of Drug Addiction
Sometimes
Extremely
Moderate
Not at all
Interpret
Slightly
aware
aware
aware
aware
aware
Mean
Rank
Category f % f % f % f % f %
1. When affected by
drugs you are more
likely to have an 1
10.4 8 4.9 30 18.4 47 28.8 61 37.4 3.78 D 10
accident (at home, in 7
car, or wherever you
are).
2. Individuals who are
using drugs could 7 4.3 6 3.7 27 16.6 60 36.8 63 38.7 4.02 D 6
commit violent act.
engage on drugs may
find it hard to sleep,
7 4.3 11 6.7 31 19.0 58 35.6 56 34.4 3.89 D 9
think, reason,
remember and solve
problems.
4. Drug used can
also result to serious 4 2.5 10 6.1 26 16.0 56 34.4 66 40.5 4.05 D 4
illness or injury.
using drugs lost 7 4.3 10 6.1 29 17.8 49 30.1 67 41.1 3.98 D 7
appetite of weight.
6. Can harm baby
during pregnancy,
5 3.1 5 3.1 42 13.5 43 26.4 81 49.7 4.22 D 1
and may cause
miscarriage.
7. The effects of drug
abuse can also
include decreasing 5 3.1 7 4.3 24 14.7 52 31.9 74 45.4 4.13 D 3
performance in
school and work.
addict on drugs may 8 4.9 4 2.5 25 15.3 46 28.2 78 47.9 4.13 D 5
fired from jobs.
9. Discontinuing
participation in sports
3 1.8 14 8.6 33 20.2 56 34.4 57 35.0 3.92 D 8
and giving up other
hobbies.
10. One of the effects
of drug abuse is loss
of friends and family
due to out of
6 3.7 4 2.5 27 16.6 41 25.2 85 52.1 4.20 D 2
character or behavior
that further separates
the drug abuser from
their loved ones.
Overall Mean 4.032 D
LEGENDS: A (Not at all aware); B (Slightly aware); C (Somewhat aware); D (Moderate aware); E (Extremely aware)
31
When increasing drug abuse awareness, it’s important to gather and share
information about all kinds of drugs, regardless of what the perceived risk of addiction
is. In connection with this, the above table shows the result of the respondents’ level
of awareness regarding the danger of drug addiction.
As interpreted in the table, the statement Can harm baby during pregnancy,
and may cause miscarriage is the most known concept of the respondents regarding
the danger of drug addiction, among the participants 81 (49.7%) answered it
extremely aware, 43 (26.4%) moderate aware, 42 (13.5%) sometimes aware, 5
(3.1%) slightly aware and 5 (3.1%) respondents are not aware on this effect of drug
addiction. It has an indicated mean of 3.78, which means that they have a high
awareness on the given danger of drug addiction.
The second statement which got the second highest rating is, One of the
effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out of character or behavior
that further separates the drug abuser from their loved ones, it got 85 (52.1%)
respondents who is extremely aware on this one danger of drugs, 41 (25.2%)
moderate aware, 27 (16.6%) sometimes aware, 4 (2.5%) slightly aware, on the other
hand 6 (3.7%) respondents doesn’t have an idea on this effect of drug addiction. This
statement has a mean of 4.20, meaning that the respondents are moderate aware on
this danger of drug addiction.
The effects of drug abuse can also include decreasing performance in school
and work, got 74 (45.4%) respondents who is extremely aware on this one danger of
drugs, 52 (31.9%) moderate aware, 24 (14.7%) sometimes aware, 7 (4.3%) slightly
aware and 5 (3.1%) respondents are not aware on this effect of drug addiction.
Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from jobs, among the participants 78
(47.9%) answered it extremely aware, 46 (28.2%) moderate aware, 25 (15.3%)
sometimes aware, 4 (2.5%) slightly aware and 8 (4.9%) respondents are not aware
32
on this danger of drug addiction. The two statements have an equal computed
means of 4.13, which means that the respondents are moderate aware on those
dangers of drug addiction.
The fifth statement that has a highest rating is, Drug used can also result to
serious illness or injury, 66 (40.5%) of the respondents are extremely aware, which
means that they have an idea and grouped it as one danger of drug addiction, 56
(34.4%) moderate aware, 26 (16.0%) sometimes aware, 10 (6.1%) slightly aware and
4 (2.5%) are not aware on this danger on using drugs. This has a mean of 4.05, it
depicts that the respondents have a knowledge on this one danger of using drugs.
Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act, got 63 (38.7%)
respondents who give an interpretation of extremely aware, 60 (36.8%) moderate
aware, 27 (16.6%) sometimes aware, 6 (3.7%) slightly aware and 7 (4.3%) give an
interpretation of not at all aware. It has an indicated mean of 4.02, this means that
the respondents are aware on the stated danger of drug addiction.
Individuals who are using drugs lost appetite of weight, among the
participants 67 (41.1%) answered it extremely aware, 49 (30.1%) moderate aware,
29 (17.8%) sometimes aware, 10 (6.1%) slightly aware and 3 (1.8%) respondents are
not aware on this effect of drug addiction. It has an indicated mean of 3.98, which
means that the respondents are moderate aware on the stated danger of drug
addiction.
Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other hobbies, 57 (35.0%)
of the respondents are extremely aware, which means that they have an idea on the
given danger of drug addiction, 56 (34.4%) moderate aware, 33 (20.2%) sometimes
aware, 14 (8.6%) slightly aware and 4 (2.5%) are not aware on this danger on using
drugs. This has a mean of 3.92, it depicts that the respondents are moderate aware
on the stated danger of drug addiction.
33
Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to sleep, think, reason,
remember and solve problems, it got 56 (34.4%) respondents who is extremely
aware on this one danger of drugs, 58 (35.6%) moderate aware, 31 (19.0%)
sometimes aware, 11 (6.7%) slightly aware and 6 (3.7%) respondents are not aware
on this effect of drug addiction. This statement has a mean of 3.89, meaning that the
respondents are moderate aware on this danger of drug addiction.
When affected by drugs you are more likely to have an accident (at home, in
car, or wherever you are), it got 61 (37.4%) respondents who is extremely aware on
this one danger of drugs, 47 (28.8%) moderate aware, 30 (18.4%) sometimes aware,
8 (4.9%) slightly aware and 6 (3.7%) respondents are not aware on this one concept
regarding dangers of drug addiction. This statement has a mean of 3.78, it depicts
that the respondents are moderate aware on the stated danger of drug addiction.
All of given statements is denoted as moderate aware, which means that they
are moderate aware on the dangers of drug addiction.
Can harm baby during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage has the
highest mean of 4.22 which means that it is the most concept of the respondents on
the dangers of drug addiction based of their level of awareness. On the other hand,
When affected by drugs you are more likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or
wherever you are), got the lowest mean of 3.78 which means that it is the least
known dangers of drug addiction based on the respondents’ level of awareness. In
addition, the given dangers of drug addiction have an overall mean of 4.032. Thus,
the survey conveys that almost senior high school students has a moderate level of
awareness regarding the given ten dangers of drug addiction.
In connection with what Mediashrinx (2019) stated that drug abuse awareness is
an understanding of:
 what exactly substance abuse is
34
 what substance abuse does and what the risks are
 how substance abuse can lead to the development of an addiction
 how to recognize warning signs of addiction
 what kinds of consequences addiction can have
 what to do and how to help if a friend or a family member has an addiction
This subset of substance abuse education benefits everyone, but instilling a
sense of drug abuse awareness in children in particular drastically reduces the
chances that they try drugs at all. Additionally, helping teens to better understand the
full impact of drug use can lower their risk of addiction as well as give them
information to share with friends and family.
D. Relationship of the Students’ Level of Awareness on the Dangers of Drug
Addiction when Group According to Profile Variables
1. Age
The succeeding table shows the relationship between the level of awareness
on the dangers of drug addiction of the respondents and age.
35
Table 7
The Relationship of the Students’ Level of Awareness on the
Dangers of Drug Addiction and Age
Computed Significant
Statements Remark Decision
r value
1. When affected by drugs
you are more likely to have Not
-0.075 0.338 Accept Ho
an accident (at home, in car, significant
or wherever you are).
2. Individuals who are using
drugs could commit violent -0.182 0.020 Significant Reject Ho
act.
engage on drugs may find it
Not
hard to sleep, think, reason, -0.122 0.121 Accept Ho
significant
remember and solve
problems.
4. Drug used can also result Not
-0.097 0.218 Accept Ho
to serious illness or injury. significant
5. Individuals who are using Not
-0.013 0.870 Accept Ho
drugs lost appetite of weight. significant
6. Can harm baby during
Not
pregnancy, and may cause -0.014 0.860 Accept Ho
significant
miscarriage.
7. The effects of drug abuse
can also include decreasing Not
0.002 0.980 Accept Ho
performance in school and significant
work.
8. Individuals who are addict
on drugs may fired from -0.155 0.050 Significant Reject Ho
jobs.
9. Discontinuing participation
in sports and giving up other -0.215 0.006 Significant Reject Ho
hobbies.
10. One of the effects of
drug abuse is loss of friends
and family due to out of
Not
character or behavior that -0.056 0.470 Accept Ho
significant
further separates the drug
abuser from their loved
ones.
The table shows the relationship between the level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction of the senior high school students and their age.
36
It can be seen in the table that almost all the statements are not significant at
0.05 level of significance. It is incorporated by the statements, When affected by
drugs you are more likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are)
(p=0.338, r= -0.075); Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to sleep,
think, reason, remember and solve problems (p=0.121, r= -0.122); Drug used can
also result to serious illness or injury (0.218, r= -0.097. It also includes, Individuals
who are using drugs lost appetite of weight (p=0.870, r= -0.013; Can harm baby
during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage (p=0.860, r= -0.014); The effects of
drug abuse can also include decreasing performance in school and work (p=0.980,
r= 0.002) and One of the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out
of character or behavior that further separates the drug abuser from their loved ones
(p=0.470, r= -0.056). Thus, the null hypothesis of no relationship is accepted.
Meanwhile, the three statements gathered a remarks of significant. This
includes; Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act with a p value of
0.020. Thus, null hypothesis is rejected, this means that there is a relationship on the
students’ level of awareness and their age, the computed r of -0.182 means the older
the students, the lesser their awareness about the dangers of drug addiction.
Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from jobs with a p value of
0.050. Thus, the null hypothesis is also rejected, this means that there is a
relationship on the students’ level of awareness and their age, the computed r of -
0.155 means that young respondents have higher awareness than the middle aged
one.
Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other hobbies with a p
value of 0.006. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, this means that there is a
relationship on the students’ level of awareness and their age, the computed r of -
37
0.215, means that young students have higher level of awareness than the middle
aged one.
Furthermore, the computed r ranging -0.155 to -0.215 in the correlation matrix
connotes a negligible correlation. So, the statements, Individuals who are using
drugs could commit violent act, individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from
jobs and discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other hobbies has a
negative negligible correlation relationship. It only reveals that there is a slightly
relationship on the level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction and gender.
In connection to what Miller (2018) discussed regarding age, the main focus
of substance abuse education is teaching individuals about drug and alcohol abuse
and how to avoid, stop, or get help for substance use disorders- and this can begin at
a young age. Education can start with parents educating their children, and in
primary school programming designed to increased knowledge about substance
abuse and the associated risks.
2. Year Level
The succeeding table shows the relationship between the level of awareness
on the dangers of drug addiction of the respondents and year level.
Table 8
The Relationship of the Students’ Level of Awareness on the
Dangers of Drug Addiction and Year Level
38
Compute Significant
Statements Remark Decision
dr value
you are more likely to have Not
an accident (at home, in -0.008 0.922 Significant Accept Ho
car, or wherever you are).
Not
using drugs could commit 0.091 0.249 Accept Ho
Significant
violent act.
engage on drugs may find
it hard to sleep, think, Not
0.129 0.100 Accept Ho
reason, remember and Significant
solve problems.
4. Drug used can also
Not
result to serious illness or 0.138 0.079 Accept Ho
Significant
injury.
using drugs lost appetite of 0.203 0.010 Significant Reject Ho
weight.
Not
pregnancy, and may cause 0.119 0.141 Accept Ho
Significant
miscarriage.
abuse can also include Not
0.098 0.215 Accept Ho
decreasing performance in Significant
school and work.
Not
addict on drugs may fired -0.025 0.756 Accept Ho
Significant
from jobs.
9. Discontinuing
Not
participation in sports and 0.053 0.503 Accept Ho
Significant
giving up other hobbies.
drug abuse is loss of
friends and family due to
out of character or Not
0.081 0.302 Accept Ho
behavior that further Significant
separates the drug abuser
from their loved ones .
The table shows the relationship between the level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction of the senior high school students and their year level.
39
As shown in the table, at 0.05 level of significance, almost all the statements
have significant value ranges from 0.100 to 0.922. This includes are the following;
When affected by drugs you are more likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or
wherever you are) with a significant value of 0.922 and a computed r of -0.008,
Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act, this statement has a
significant value of 0.249 and a computed r of 0.091, Individuals who are engage on
drugs may find it hard to sleep, think, reason, remember and solve problems with a
significant value of 0.100 and a computed r of 0.129 and the statement, Drug used
can also result to serious illness or injury is also in the range of not significant having
a significant value of 0.079 and a computed r of 0.138.
Additionally, the five statements are also not significant, it comprises with the
statements, Can harm baby during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage with a
significant value of 0.141 and a computed r of 0.119, The effects of drug abuse can
also include decreasing performance in school and work having a significant value of
0.215 and a computed r of 0.098, Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from
jobs with a significant value of 0.756 and a computed r of -.0.025 and Discontinuing
participation in sports and giving up other hobbies having a significant value of 0.503
and an computed r of 0.053. Lastly, One of the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends
and family due to out of character or behavior that further separates the drug abuser
from their loved ones, this statement has a significant value of 0.302 and a computed
r of 0.081. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, there is no significant
relationship on the level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction and their year
level.
Meanwhile, there is only one statement that has a remarks of significant
having a significant value of 0.010. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, this means
that there is a significant relationship on the students’ level of awareness and their
40
year level, the computed r of 0.203, means that Grade 12 have higher level of
awareness on the dangers of drug addiction than the Grade 11 respondents.
However, it has a computed r of 0.203 at 0.05 significance level, therefore it
is identified as a positive negligible correlation. It only reveals that there is a slightly
relationship on the level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction and the year
level.
As connected to the study of Brankovic et. al, (2015) indicated that 32
(73.72%) students from the third and 40 (78.43%) of the final year of medical school
in Central Lake are familiar with the concept of drug abuse, there is no statistically
significant difference in the attitude of the third and fourth grade.
E. The Difference on the Students’ Level of Awareness on the Dangers of Drug
Addiction when grouped according to Gender
The table below discussed the difference between the students’ level of
awareness on the dangers of drug addiction when grouped according to gender.
Table 9
The Difference of Students’ Level of Awareness on the Dangers of Drug Addiction
when grouped according to Age
Statements t-test for Equality of Means
Mean Std. Error 95% Remarks Decision
T df Sig.
Difference Difference Confidence
41
Interval of the
Differences
Lower Upper
you are more likely to
Accept
have an accident (at -2.446 161 .016 -.495 .202 -.894 -.095 Not Sig
Ho
home, in car, or wherever
you are).
Reject
using drugs could commit -4.026 161 .000 -.642 .159 -.957 -.327 Sig
Ho
violent act.
engage on drugs may find
Reject
it hard to sleep, think, -3.116 161 .002 -.527 .169 -.862 -.193 Sig
Ho
reason, remember and
solve problems.
4. Drug used can also
Reject
result to serious illness or -2.928 160 .004 -.467 .159 -.782 -.152 Sig
Ho
injury.
Reject
using drugs lost appetite -4.885 160 .000 -.812 .166 -1.141 -.484 Sig
Ho
of weight.
Reject
pregnancy, and may -3.380 154 .001 -.546 .162 -.866 -.227 Sig
Ho
cause miscarriage.
abuse can also include Reject
-3.661 160 .000 -.577 .158 -.888 -.266 Sig
decreasing performance Ho
in school and work.
Reject
addict on drugs may fired -3.617 159 .000 -.606 .168 -.937 -.275 Sig
Ho
from jobs.
9. Discontinuing
Accept
participation in sports and -1.200 161 .232 -.197 .164 -.521 .127 Not Sig
Ho
giving up other hobbies.
drug abuse is loss of
friends and family due to
out of character or Reject
-3.140 161 .002 -.508 .162 -.828 -.189 Sig
behavior that further Ho
separates the drug
abuser from their loved
ones.
As shown in the table, at 0.05 level of significance having an above 0.05
significance value of the following statements: When affected by drugs you are more
likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are) (df= 161, P=.016);
Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other hobbies (df= 161, P= .232)
42
computed the F- ratios and significance values, thus indicated that the null
hypothesis is accepted. Thus, there is no significant difference on the students’ level
of awareness when grouped according to gender.
However, the remaining statements gathered a remarks of significant, this
include: Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act (df= 161, P= .000);
Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to sleep, think, reason,
remember and solve problems (df= 161, P= .002); Drug used can also result to
serious illness or injury (df= 160, P= .004); Individuals who are using drugs lost
appetite of weight (df= 160, P= .000); Can harm baby during pregnancy, and may
cause miscarriage (df=154, P= .001); The effects of drug abuse can also include
decreasing performance in school and work (df= 159, P= .000); Individuals who are
addict on drugs may fired from jobs (df= 160, P= .000); One of the effects of drug
abuse is loss of friends and family due to out of character or behavior that further
separates the drug abuser from their loved ones (df= 161, P= .002) has a
significance value which is below 0.05 significance level. Thus, the null hypothesis is
rejected. It only reveals that that there is significant difference on the level of
awareness of the respondents when grouped according to gender. It also reveals that
in all of the categories stated, female have higher level of awareness on the dangers
of drug addiction than male.
As connected to the article cited by National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020)
revealed, that men are more likely than women to use almost all types of illicit drugs.
For most age groups, men have higher rates of use or dependence on illicit drugs
and alcohol than do women. However, women are just as likely as men to develop a
substance use disorder. In addition, women may be more susceptible to craving and
relapse which are key phases of the addiction cycle.
43
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the study, findings and conclusions,
and recommendations derived from the analysis and interpretations of the data.
44
A. Summary of Findings
The following findings were acquired throughout the course of this study.
A. Profile of the respondents
Respondents aged 16-17 has a frequency of 108 (66.3%), 5 (3.1%) are
aged 14-15 while 50 (30.7%) are aged 18 and above. With regards on gender,
Female respondents has a total number 97 (59.5%) while male has only 66
frequencies and a percentage of (40.5%). Moreover, the total participants of
Grade 11 are 81 (49.7%) while 82 (50.3%) among the participants of the study
are identified as Grade 12.
B. Drug abuse prevention and control conducted in a community
The different programs were all found to be conducted often through the
computed means. Family-based prevention and control has a mean of 3.72,
Community prevention programs having 3.34, Community Rules and Regulations
(3.55), Anti-drugs norms (3.43) and Prevention Education got a mean of 3.67.
C. The level of awareness of the respondents regarding the dangers of
drug addiction
. With regards on the level of awareness of the respondents regarding the
dangers of drug addiction, When affected by drugs you are more likely to have an
accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are) has a mean of 3.78, Individuals
who are using drugs could commit violent act having 4.02, Individuals who are
engage on drugs may find it hard to sleep, think, reason, remember and solve
problems (3.89), Drug used can also result to serious illness or injury (4.05),
Individuals who are using drugs lost appetite of weight (3.98), Can harm baby
during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage (4.22). The effects of drug abuse
can also include decreasing performance in school and work and Individuals who
45
are addict on drugs may fired from jobs, both has a 4.13 mean. Discontinuing
participation in sports and giving up other hobbies has a mean of 3.92 and One of
the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out of character or
behavior that further separates the drug abuser from their loved ones having
4.20.
D. Relationship of the students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug
addiction and age and year level
1. Age
With regards on the relationship of the students’ level of awareness on the
dangers of drug addiction and age, the following statements are found not
significant at 0.05 level of significance: When affected by drugs you are more
likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are) (p= 0.338, r= -
0.075); Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to sleep, think,
reason, remember and solve problems (p=0.121, r= -0.122); Drug used can also
result to serious illness or injury (p=0.218, r= -0.097); Individuals who are using
drugs lost appetite of weight (p=0.870, r= -0.013); Can harm baby during
pregnancy and may cause miscarriage (p=0.860, r= -0.014); The effects of drug
abuse can also include decreasing performance in school and work (p=0.980, r=
0.002); One of the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out of
character or behavior that further separates the drug abuser from their loved
ones (p=0.470, r= -0.056).
On the other hand, the following statements are found significant at 0.05
level of significance: Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act
(p=0.020, r= -0.182); Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from jobs
(p=0.050, r= -0.155); Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other
hobbies (p=0.006, r= -0.215).
46
2. Year level
With regards on the relationship of level of awareness of the respondents
regarding the dangers of drug addiction and year level, the following statements
are found not significant at 0.05 level of significance: When affected by drugs you
are more likely to have an accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are) (p=-
0.922, r= 0.008); Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent act
(p=0.249, r= 0.091); Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to
sleep, think, reason, remember and solve problems (p=0.100, r= 0.129); Drug
used can also result to serious illness or injury (p=0.079, r= 0.138); Can harm
baby during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage (p=0.141, r= 0.119); The
effects of drug abuse can also include decreasing performance in school and
work (p=0.215, r=0.098); Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from jobs
(p=0.756, r=0.025); Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other
hobbies (p=0.503, r= 0.053); One of the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends
and family due to out of character or behavior that further separates the drug
abuser from their loved ones (p=0.302, r= 0.081).
On the other hand, only one statement is found significant at 0.05 level of
significance, is the statement, Individuals who are using drugs lost appetite of
weight (p=0.010, r=0.203).
E. Difference on the Students’ Level of Awareness on the Dangers of Drug
Addiction when grouped according to Gender
With regard on the difference on the level of awareness on the dangers of
drug addiction and gender, the following statements are found not significant at
0.05 level of significance: When affected by drugs you are more likely to have an
accident (at home, in car, or wherever you are) (df= 161, P=.016); One of the
47
effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out of character or
behavior that further separates the drug abuser from their loved ones (df= 161,
P= .002).
On the other hand, the following statements are found significant at 0.05
level of significance: Discontinuing participation in sports and giving up other
hobbies (df= 161, P= .232); Individuals who are using drugs could commit violent
act (df= 161, P= .000); Individuals who are engage on drugs may find it hard to
sleep, think, reason, remember and solve problems (df= 161, P= .002); Drug
used can also result to serious illness or injury (df= 160, P= .004); Individuals
who are using drugs lost appetite of weight (df= 160, P= .000); Can harm baby
during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage (df=154, P= .001); The effects of
drug abuse can also include decreasing performance in school and work (df=
159, P= .000); Individuals who are addict on drugs may fired from jobs (df= 160,
P= .000); One of the effects of drug abuse is loss of friends and family due to out
of character or behavior that further separates the drug abuser from their loved
ones (df= 161, P= .002).
B. Conclusions
The following conclusions were derived after gathering the data from the
respondents.
1. Ages 16-17 are the most dominant students among the respondent and
among them, it composed of more female students. With regards on the year
level, Grade 12 participants surpassed the number of Grade 11 respondents.
48
2. Most respondents often participate in community drug prevention programs.
Moreover, the most experienced drug abuse prevention and control
conducted in a community is Family-based prevention and control while
Community prevention programs is the least experienced drug community
action.
3. The respondents have a moderate level of awareness regarding the dangers
of drug addiction. The most commonly known dangers of drug addiction is,
Can harm baby during pregnancy, and may cause miscarriage.
4. Young students are more aware on the dangers of drug addiction than the
middle aged ones. With regards on the year level, Grade 12 are more aware
on the dangers of drug addiction than the Grade 11 students.
5. Female have higher level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction than
male.
C. Recommendations
Based on the study, various recommendations were attained.
1. Researchers could add respondents where the ages are not just in the range
16-18. As much as possible, respondents should also have an equal number
of female and male to comparison in their perceptions. And, widen the range
of grade level, perhaps from primary to tertiary student-respondents.
2. Drug prevention programs are designed to provide the education and support
necessary to diminish drug dependency in communities and schools. Small or
large communities must increase and figure some drug abuse prevention and
control that is totally effective to the youth. Apart from it, communities must
also perform those drug prevention and control frequently. Besides,
understanding drug use risk factors and spreading the word through
prevention programs is the best defense against drug abuse.
49
3. Awareness is one of the most important qualities that an individual may have.
Since the result shows that students are moderately aware with the dangers
of drug addiction, then the community or school should impart drug education
(e.g. Symposium about Drug Addiction and Counseling) to develop moderate
drug awareness to extremely aware.
4. Parents and teachers should inculcate knowledge to the students about the
effects of being aware and not aware regarding the dangers of drug addiction.
Understanding the substance and the risks of using it can help the youth to
lessen the chances of being addicted to drugs.
5. To increase the level of awareness regarding the dangers of drug addiction of
the senior high school students, conceptual framework of knowledge and
studies regarding drugs should be included in the curriculum.
6. For the next researchers add more respondents that will not only represent a
small place rather the whole community and town. Bigger population can add
more valid information about the topic that can contribute to the economic
growth.
50
REFERENCES
Ahmad, B. (2015, January 1). Awareness of Drug Addiction Among College Students
Kashmir Valley. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308994800_AWARENESS_OF_DR
UG_ADDICTION_AMONG_COLLEGE_STUDENTS_OF_KASHMIR_VALLEY
Brankovic, S. (2015). Awareness and Attitude of Secondary School Student about

drug use. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273509244_Awareness_and_attitud
e_of_secondary_school_students_about_drug_use
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Filho, E. (2015, June). Perceptions of adolescent students about drugs. Retrieved

from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0034-
71672015000300517&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Giblock, D. (2015). Should I Worry About My Teen Doing Drugs? .Retrieved from
https://www.preachitteachit.org/articles/detail/should-i-worry-about-my-teen-
doing-drugs/
Mayo Clinic Staff (2017). Drug Addiction (Substance use disorder). Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-
causes/syc-20365112
McCombes S. (2020). Descriptive Research. Retrieved from

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
Mediashrinx (2017, October 16). Alcohol and Drug Addiction Programme. Retrieved
from https://instructionandformation.ie/2019/10/16/alcohol-and-drug-addiction-
programme/
Miller, L. (2018). What to Expect During the Process?. Retrieved from

https://www.projectknow.com/detox-withdrawal/detox/
Mirza, S. (2016, September 6). Drug Awareness and Perception Survey. Retrieved
from https://www.collin.edu
Murray, K. (2019, December 6). Teenage Substance Abuse Prevention. Retrieved

from
https://www.addictioncenter.com/teenage-drug-abuse/teenage-substance-
abuse-prevention/
National Institute on Drug Abuse (2020, January 22). Substance Use in Women.
Retrieved from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-in-
women/sex-gender-differences-in-substance-use
Saripalli (2018). What is drug addiction. Retrieved from

https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/drug-abuse-addiction
Zimmerman, H. (2019). Drug Awareness and Education. Retrieved from

https://drugaware.com.au/getting-the-facts/impact-of-drugs/#Your-life
52
APPENDICES
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RAMON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Oscariz, Ramon, Isabela

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. Background of the Study

expanding problem and a threat to every human life.

ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, geographic regions, educational levels, and

peer-pressure and dysfunctional home. Other variables such as trauma, stress

Being addicted to drugs is a preventable disease. Results from a research

themselves to the authorities (Belonio, 2017). Hence, war on drugs of President

Rodrigo R. Duterte is widely recognized as his greatest significant accomplishment

during his administration.

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165,

strategy formulating body in planning and formulation of policies and program on

strengthen the awareness and preventive measures in the school by implementing

government with the same objective.

conducted in a community and to recognize the level of awareness of the

respondents regarding the dangers of drug addiction. Future discoveries could be

researchers' eagerness to pursue this study.

The study entitled “LABAN KONTRA DROGA: Awareness of Drug

Addiction among Senior High School Students of Ramon National High

prevention and control conducted in a community.

1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of:

dangers of drug addiction?

4. Is there a significant relationship on the level of awareness on the dangers of

5. Is there a significant difference on the students’ level of awareness on the

dangers of drug addiction when grouped according to gender?

C. Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on the identification of respondents’ level of awareness

students’ level of awareness on the dangers of drug addiction when grouped

D. Benefits and Beneficiaries of Research

effective counter measures in avoiding youth drug abuse.

chance of developing a drug abuse issue later in life.

Teachers. This study is significant to the student’s second mother. To help

Friends. This study is significant to the friend or peers of an individual. To

make healthy choices in life.

Researchers. The study's findings will benefit the researchers as they'll be

informed about the consequences and most effective countermeasures in drug

understanding regarding the consequences in abusing addictive drugs.

Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers,

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

done in this area.

1. Drug abuse prevention and control in the community

As for Murray (2019), teen substance abuse is problematic for several

unknowingly set themselves up for a potentially life-threatening habit, making

efforts. The goal of prevention is to attempt to stop someone from partaking in a

taking drinks of alcohol, to more dangerous drugs like cocaine or fentanyl.

1.1 Family- based prevention and control

their children, while teaching their children about boundaries.

Furthermore, in teaching boundaries, parents help children to understand

children and parents. Parents can establish consistency in communication, as well as

habits, friends, interests, and influences.

1.2 School based prevention program

As reported by Zimmerman (2019), there are number of community-based

harms of substance abuse. Schools began introducing substance abuse oriented

problems in the state.

2. Level of awareness regarding the dangers of drug addiction

According to Giblock (2015), teen’s decision to experiment with drugs is often

of “trying something new” can potentially trigger a lifetime of problems.

immune to the dangers of substance use.

Giblock (2015), revealed some risks of teen drug use.

 Serious illness or injury

 Suspension or expulsion from school

 Losing friends and excommunication from family